Question 1

Cross-cultural psychologists have found that Chinese individuals worked harder on a task when they were alone compared to when they worked in groups.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural psychologists have found that Chinese individuals tend to work harder on a task when they are in groups compared to when they work alone, reflecting the collectivist culture that emphasizes group goals over individual achievements.

Question 2

Neuroscience, an area within the biological perspective, refers to the study of the nervous system, especially the brain.

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience is indeed an area within the biological perspective that focuses on the study of the nervous system, including the brain.

Question 3

Cognitive psychologists did not agree with the behavioral perspective in psychology, because cognitive psychologists thought that it was important to investigate how mental processes influence behavior.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists believed that mental processes such as perception, memory, attention, and thought have a significant impact on behavior, and therefore it was important to investigate them. This differed from the behavioral perspective, which focused solely on observable behavior and the environmental factors that contribute to it.

Question 4

Cross-cultural psychologists have found that there are no psychological processes that are shared by all humans.

Accepted Answer

While there may be cultural differences in the manifestation and expression of psychological processes, research has identified many basic psychological processes and experiences that are universally shared by humans, such as emotions, cognition, perception, and social behavior.

Question 5

Although the biological perspective was important when psychology was first founded, it is of little interest in contemporary psychology.

Accepted Answer

The biological perspective in psychology is still an important area of study in contemporary psychology. Many contemporary theories and research studies incorporate biological factors such as genetics, brain structure, and neurotransmitters into their analyses. Additionally, advancements in neuroimaging technologies and genetics have led to new insights into the biological basis of behavior and psychological disorders.

Question 6

Because humanistic psychology was distinctly different from both psychoanalysis and behaviorism it was sometimes referred to as the "third force" in American psychology.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology emerged as a reaction against the pessimistic and deterministic views of psychoanalysis and behaviorism, and it was often regarded as a distinct alternative or "third force" in American psychology in the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 7

By the late 1980s, cross-cultural psychology had emerged in full force.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural psychology had indeed emerged in full force by the late 1980s, as scholars increasingly recognized the importance of studying psychology across different cultural contexts. This field focuses on understanding how cultural factors influence psychological processes, and how these processes vary across different cultures. By the late 1980s, cross-cultural psychology had gained significant momentum as a distinct and important subfield within psychology.

Question 8

Like psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology included influential theories of personality and a form of psychotherapy.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology did include influential theories of personality, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Carl Rogers' person-centered theory, as well as a form of psychotherapy known as client-centered therapy or person-centered therapy.

Question 9

Carl Rogers emphasized the conscious experiences of his patients, including each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers was a prominent humanistic psychologist who emphasized the importance of conscious experiences and the individual's potential for growth and self-direction.

Question 10

Positive psychology is a field of psychological research that focuses on the study of positive emotions and psychological states, positive individual traits, and the social institutions that foster these qualities in individuals and communities.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology indeed focuses on the study of positive emotions, psychological states, individual traits, and social institutions that foster them.

Question 11

The humanistic perspective of psychology focuses on the motivation of people to grow psychologically.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes on the innate motivation of individuals to strive for personal growth, self-actualization, and fulfillment of their potential. It stresses the importance of the subjective experience and the uniqueness of each individual, and promotes a holistic approach to understanding human behavior and psychology.

Question 12

Humanistic psychology was largely founded by the American psychologist B. F. Skinner.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Humanistic psychology was actually founded by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, who were both American psychologists. B.F. Skinner was a behaviorist who believed in the importance of observable behavior and conditioning.

Question 13

Positive psychology focuses on developing therapeutic techniques that increase personal well-being rather than just alleviating the troubling symptoms of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology aims to promote well-being and improve the quality of life, rather than just focusing on treating mental illness symptoms.

Question 14

Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth.

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation, known as the hierarchy of needs, emphasized the importance of fulfilling basic human needs in order to achieve psychological growth and self-actualization.

Question 15

The behavioral perspective of psychology focuses on how behavior is acquired through unconscious influences and early childhood experiences.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral perspective of psychology focuses on how behavior is learned through environmental experiences, such as rewards and punishments, rather than on unconscious influences and early childhood experiences.

Question 16

The emergence of the cognitive perspective in psychology in the 1960s represented a return to psychology's historical roots by focusing on how mental processes influence behavior.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the emergence of the cognitive perspective in psychology in the 1960s.

Question 17

Culture is a broad term that refers to the attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people and communicated from one generation to another.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the meaning of culture.

Question 18

Studying the differences among various cultures that exist in the world today and examining their influence on behavior are the fundamental goals of cross-cultural psychology.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural psychology studies the differences among various cultures and their influence on behavior.

Question 19

The development of the first computers in the 1950s was a contributing factor to the cognitive revolution in psychology.

Accepted Answer

The development of the first computers allowed psychologists to simulate human cognition and test theories in ways that were not possible before, thus contributing to the cognitive revolution in psychology.

Question 20

Cognitive psychology developed as a reaction against the use of computers in science and industry.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology developed as a way to better understand human cognition and behavior, and was not specifically a reaction against the use of computers. However, the development of computers and their ability to process and manipulate information did influence the direction of cognitive psychology research.

Quiz 1: Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods