Question 1

The Human Connectome Project's goal is to sequence the human genome.

Accepted Answer

The Human Connectome Project's goal is to map the neural connections within the human brain, not to sequence the human genome.

Question 2

Launched in 2009 by the National Institutes of Health, the Neural Mapping Project aims to combine brain-imaging data from hundreds of participants into a three-dimensional map of the brain's information highways.

Accepted Answer

The initiative described resembles the Human Connectome Project, not the "Neural Mapping Project." The Human Connectome Project, launched by the National Institutes of Health, aims to map the neural pathways that underlie human brain function.

Question 3

A new brain-scanning technique called diffusion spectrum imaging allows neuroscientists to produce three-dimensional images of the neural pathways that connect one part of the brain to another.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion spectrum imaging does allow neuroscientists to produce three-dimensional images of the neural pathways that connect one part of the brain to another.

Question 4

The Human Connectome Project's goal is to map the millions of miles of neural connections among the 100 billion neurons in the human brain.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct goal of the Human Connectome Project, which is a large-scale effort to study and map the structural and functional connectivity of the human brain.

Question 5

According to one research study investigating the effects of learning a new skill on the brain's physical structure, novice jugglers showed evidence of brain changes within just seven days after learning to juggle.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the findings of the research study.

Question 6

Humans and nonhuman primates are born with all the brain neurons they will ever have, and there is no evidence that new neurons grow and develop after birth.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Recent studies have shown that neurogenesis, the process of generating new neurons, can occur in certain regions of the brain in both humans and nonhuman primates throughout adulthood.

Question 7

According to one research study that involved participants who learned how to juggle, learning a new motor skill produces physical changes in specific brain structures related to the skill.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true according to the mentioned research study.

Question 8

Diffusion spectrum imaging can produce three-dimensional images of the neural pathways that connect one part of the brain to another.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) is a type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can create three-dimensional images of the complex neural pathways within the brain.

Question 9

Launched in 2009 by the National Institutes of Health, the Human Connectome project aims to sequence the human genome.

Accepted Answer

The Human Connectome project does not aim to sequence the human genome. Instead, it aims to map the neural connections in the brain using advanced imaging techniques.

Question 10

German neuroscientists used expert, professional jugglers as participants in a study to determine whether the jugglers' superior manual dexterity and sense of balance were the cause or the result of structural brain differences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of German neuroscientists used expert, professional jugglers as...

Question 11

Functional plasticity refers to the notion that different brain functions are located or localized in different areas of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Functional plasticity refers to the brain's ability to shift functions from a damaged area to undamaged areas, not to the localization of different brain functions in specific areas.

Question 12

The brain's ability to change function and structure is referred to as neuroplasticity.

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to new experiences, learning, injury, or disease. This includes changes in both function and structure of the brain.

Question 13

Research with primates has shown that some regions of the brain have the capacity to develop new neurons throughout the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

Research with primates has shown that some regions of the brain, such as the hippocampus, continue to develop new neurons, a process called neurogenesis, throughout the lifespan.

Question 14

Current research shows that structural plasticity is limited to regions in the hindbrain and midbrain; there is no evidence supporting structural plasticity in forebrain structures, including the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

Current research actually supports the opposite statement - there is evidence of structural plasticity in forebrain structures including the cerebral cortex. Studies have shown that the brain can undergo changes in response to experiences and learning, including changes such as dendritic branching, synapse formation and elimination, and alterations in gene expression.

Question 15

Diffusion spectrum imaging can produce three-dimensional images of the neural pathways that connect one part of the brain to another. These pathways, sometimes called tracts, are made up of cell bodies of neurons.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion spectrum imaging produces three-dimensional images of neural pathways based on the diffusion of water molecules along axons, not the cell bodies of neurons. These pathways, or tracts, are primarily made up of axons, which are the long, slender projections of neurons, rather than the cell bodies themselves.

Question 16

The brain's ability to change function and structure is called cortical localization.

Accepted Answer

The brain's ability to change function and structure is called neuroplasticity, not cortical localization. Cortical localization refers to the concept that specific functions are localized to specific areas of the cortex.

Question 17

Diffusion spectrum imaging tracks the movement of water molecules in brain tissue along the axons.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) is a type of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging that measures the diffusion of water molecules in multiple directions, allowing for the tracking of axonal pathways in brain tissue.

Question 18

The term functional plasticity refers to the brain's capacity to shift functions from one area to another.

Accepted Answer

Functional plasticity is indeed defined as the brain's ability to transfer and reorganize functions from a damaged area to other unaffected areas of the brain. This mechanism is fundamental to enable recovery after brain injuries or diseases.

Question 19

Contemporary neuroscientists have found newly generated neurons in the hippocampus of the adult human brain.

Accepted Answer

It was previously believed that the adult human brain does not generate new neurons, but recent studies have found evidence of neurogenesis in the hippocampus region of the brain.

Question 20

Although Franz Gall and the phrenologists were wrong about the significance of bumps on the skull, they were correct about the idea that different psychological functions are localized in different brain areas.

Accepted Answer

While phrenology itself was largely discredited, the notion of functional localization in the brain has been supported by modern neuroscience research. Different regions of the brain have been found to have specific roles in various cognitive and behavioral functions.

Quiz 2: Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior