Question 1

In deciding on a career,Aria is thinking about the pay,working conditions,job satisfaction,needed skills,future employment outlook,and many other factors.Aria
A)is framing the question of a career in narrow,specific terms.
B)is framing the question of a career in the broadest way.
C)is using the process of "thin­slicing" to make her career decision.
D)should base her decision solely on the type of employment activity that she would most enjoy and not worry about the other aspects of the job.

Accepted Answer

Aria is considering multiple factors, including pay, working conditions, job satisfaction, needed skills, and future employment outlook. This shows that she is considering the decision in a broad way, rather than focusing on just one or a few specific factors.

Question 2

Restaurants whose menus feature a broader variety of choices often find that
A)their patrons will be more likely to try a different entree each time they come to the restaurant.
B)this change will guarantee significantly increased business.
C)this change will guarantee significantly decreased business.
D)their patrons will be more likely to order from a smaller number of familiar choices.

Accepted Answer

While some customers may appreciate a broader variety of choices, studies have shown that too many options can actually overwhelm customers and lead to decision fatigue. Therefore, having too many options may actually result in customers ordering from a smaller number of familiar choices.

Question 3

On a creativity test,you are asked to list all the uses of a dime with your total number of ideas being your flexibilty score.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On a creativity test,you are asked to...

Question 4

Many people vote for a candidate based more on whether they like the candidate or not,rather than voting for the candidate that is the most qualified for the job,which illustrates how one's judgment can be affected by
A)ignoring the base rate.
B)the unconscious mind.
C)emotion.
D)divergent thinking.

Accepted Answer

Emotion plays a key role in decision making and can often override rational judgment, leading individuals to vote for a candidate based on personal feelings rather than qualifications.

Question 5

Framing decisions narrowly
A)greatly increases the risk of making a poor choice.
B)greatly increases your chances of making a good choice.
C)helps individuals think more critically and analytically.
D)prevents intuitive thinking.

Accepted Answer

Framing decisions narrowly can limit the available options and information, leading to a higher risk of making a poor choice based on incomplete or biased information. It is important to consider multiple perspectives and possible outcomes when making decisions.

Question 6

Rapid insight,or the "Aha! experience," occurs during the verification stage of creative thought.

Accepted Answer

Rapid insight, or the "Aha! experience," typically occurs during the illumination stage of creative thought, not the verification stage. This is when a sudden clarity or solution emerges after a period of incubation.

Question 7

Deductive thought is thinking that applies a general set of rules to specific situations,for example,using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object.

Accepted Answer

Deductive thought starts with a general principle or rule and applies it to a specific situation to reach a logical conclusion.

Question 8

When we must make a choice among various alternatives,which of the following often determines intuitively what seems to be the right answer?
A)knowledge of the base rate
B)divergent thinking
C)deductive reasoning
D)emotional reactions

Accepted Answer

Emotional reactions often play a role in intuitively determining what seems to be the right answer when making a choice among alternatives. This can be influenced by personal biases, values, and past experiences.

Question 9

Cindy's parents do not like Cindy's boyfriend Sean and forbid her to see him again.Cindy is angry and hurt,so she decides to elope with Sean that very night.Cindy's decision most likely occurred due to
A)an awareness of the base rate for marriages and divorces.
B)a broad framing of this relationship problem.
C)emotions.
D)all of these.

Accepted Answer

Cindy's decision to elope is driven by her emotions, as she is angry and hurt by her parents' disapproval of her boyfriend.

Question 10

Personal rituals,such as counting to ten,meditating for a moment,and engaging in superstitious behaviors like crossing your fingers before moving ahead,
A)can be calming and prevent one from making decisions based on intensive emotions.
B)are examples of a person using the representative heuristic.
C)can lead to functional fixedness in problem-solving.
D)are characteristic of eccentric,highly creative persons who are emotionally disturbed.

Accepted Answer

Personal rituals such as counting to ten, meditating, or engaging in superstitious behaviors can help an individual to calm down and prevent them from making decisions based on intense emotions. These can be helpful in managing anxiety and stress, and promoting well-being. However, they do not necessarily signify eccentricity, creativity, or emotional disturbance, nor do they involve the use of the representative heuristic or functional fixedness.

Question 11

Regarding the effects of choice on decision-making,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Businesses that increase the variety of their product offerings are guaranteed increased sales.
B)Restaurants whose menus feature a broader variety of choices often find that patrons are more likely to order from a smaller number of familiar choices.
C)In one study,consumers with more flavors of jams to choose from did express more interest,but were actually 10 times less likely to purchase any jam.
D)Complex choices are difficult to make due to increased stress,cognitive overload,difficulty remembering all of the choices,and confusion about the possibilities.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While it may seem intuitive that offering more products would lead to increased sales, research has shown that too much choice can actually have a negative effect on consumer decision-making and lead to lower sales. This phenomenon is known as "choice overload."

Question 12

According to Soman and other researchers,increased stress,cognitive overload,and confusion about the possibilities are some of the reasons that people
A)exhibit functional fixedness.
B)are able to think divergently.
C)have difficulty making complex choices.
D)resort to algorithmic thinking.

Accepted Answer

Increased stress, cognitive overload, and confusion about possibilities can all contribute to difficulties in making complex choices. This is because individuals may feel overwhelmed or unable to weigh the various options effectively. This can lead to decision paralysis or a reliance on heuristics and shortcuts, rather than a thoughtful consideration of all available information. This is different from functional fixedness or algorithmic thinking, which are more related to rigid thinking patterns or a lack of creativity in problem-solving. Divergent thinking, on the other hand, involves generating multiple ideas or solutions and is not necessarily impacted by stress or cognitive overload.

Question 13

When making decisions,emotions,such as fear,hope,anxiety,liking,or disgust can
A)eliminate possibilities from consideration and promote possibilities to the top of the list.
B)help one to become aware of the base rate for the occurrence of a particular event.
C)help one to think more clearly and firmly about important decisions.
D)do all of these.

Accepted Answer

Emotions can play a role in decision-making by either eliminating certain options from consideration or promoting others to the top of the list. However, emotions do not necessarily help one think more clearly or become aware of base rates.

Question 14

You go to the new ice cream parlor that has 48 different flavors of ice cream and 20 different toppings.According to behavioral economist Dilip Soman,having all these choices
A)tends to facilitate one's decision­making.
B)tends to decrease one's decision­making ability.
C)prevents one from experiencing functional fixedness.
D)often leads to one using algorithmic thinking.

Accepted Answer

Having too many choices can lead to decision paralysis and decrease one's ability to make a decision. This is a well-known phenomenon in behavioral economics called the "paradox of choice."

Question 15

A large drunken guy in a bar insults Josh's girlfriend.Josh is very angry,but he takes a few deep breaths and "counts to ten." These deep breaths and "counting to ten" will most likely
A)give the drunken guy an opportunity to apologize to Josh and his girlfriend.
B)cause Josh to react too slowly and give the drunken guy the opportunity to hit Josh.
C)calm Josh so that he will make a rational decision not to fight.
D)prevent Josh from crying and making "a fool out of himself" in front of his girlfriend.

Accepted Answer

Taking deep breaths and counting to ten are common strategies for anger management and emotional regulation. By calming himself down, Josh is more likely to make a rational decision not to fight and avoid escalating the situation.

Question 16

Regarding how emotions and choice affect one's decision­making,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Even mild emotions,such as low-level stress,can subtly influence how we think and act.
B)The freedom of having a wide variety of choices tends to produce better decision-making.
C)Studies show that having more choices increase people's interest in making the choice.
D)Having too many options can produce cognitive overload.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that having too many choices can actually lead to poorer decision-making, as it can create decision fatigue and make it more difficult to weigh the pros and cons of each option. Having a moderate number of choices is often ideal for optimal decision-making.

Question 17

Sarah is on a committee to hire a new person for the social science department.As she interviews one candidate,she discovers that this engaging,very knowledgeable young man did his research in Sarah's area of expertise.Fearing that he might outshine her at the university,Sarah votes to hire another less qualified job candidate.Sarah's choice was most likely determined due to
A)Sarah ignoring the base rate.
B)her unconscious mind.
C)her emotions.
D)her tendency to use the representativeness heuristic.

Accepted Answer

Sarah's fear of being outshined is an emotional response, so her choice was most likely determined by her emotions.

Question 18

In selecting a career,it is best to
A)frame this problem in narrow,specific terms related to your particular skills.
B)frame this problem in the broadest way and consider many factors,including future employment outlook,pay,and job satisfaction.
C)trust your intuition.
D)decide based soley on what employment activity you would most like to do.

Accepted Answer

Considering multiple factors such as job outlook, pay, and job satisfaction in a broad manner allows for a more informed decision and increases the likelihood of finding a successful and fulfilling career path. Focusing solely on personal skills or preferences may not take into account the many variables that could impact job success and satisfaction. Trusting intuition can be valuable, but should also be used in conjunction with a thorough analysis of available information.

Question 19

Janie states that she likes to write,so she will become a journalist,while Matt wants to make a lot of money and decides that "being a lawyer pays well." Both Janie and Matt are making their career decisions by
A)framing the question of a career too narrowly.
B)framing the question of a career too broadly.
C)using a divergent,creative approach in selecting a career.
D)using a random search strategy in selecting a career.

Accepted Answer

Janie and Matt are both focusing on a single aspect of their desired careers (writing for journalism and high income for law, respectively) without considering the broader range of factors that should influence such a decision. This approach is too narrow because it overlooks other important aspects like job satisfaction, career growth, work-life balance, and the actual demands of the profession.

Question 20

In one study,a group of consumers were given an option to purchase jam with half of them choosing from six different flavors and the other half choosing from 24 flavors.The researchers found that the consumers with more choice expressed
A)more interest and were more likely to purchase a jam.
B)more interest,but were less likely to purchase any jam.
C)less interest,but were more likely to purchase a jam.
D)less interest and were less likely to purchase any jam.

Accepted Answer

The study found that while consumers with more choices (24 flavors) showed more interest, they were actually less likely to make a purchase compared to those with fewer options (6 flavors). This phenomenon is often related to the paradox of choice, where too many options can lead to decision paralysis.

Quiz 39: Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

In deciding on a career,Aria is thinking about the pay,working conditions,job satisfaction,needed skills,future employment outlook,and many other factors.Aria

Restaurants whose menus feature a broader variety of choices often find that

On a creativity test,you are asked to list all the uses of a dime with your total number of ideas being your flexibilty score.

Many people vote for a candidate based more on whether they like the candidate or not,rather than voting for the candidate that is the most qualified for the job,which illustrates how one's judgment can be affected by

Framing decisions narrowly

Rapid insight,or the "Aha! experience," occurs during the verification stage of creative thought.

Deductive thought is thinking that applies a general set of rules to specific situations,for example,using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object.

When we must make a choice among various alternatives,which of the following often determines intuitively what seems to be the right answer?

Cindy's parents do not like Cindy's boyfriend Sean and forbid her to see him again.Cindy is angry and hurt,so she decides to elope with Sean that very night.Cindy's decision most likely occurred due to

Personal rituals,such as counting to ten,meditating for a moment,and engaging in superstitious behaviors like crossing your fingers before moving ahead,

Regarding the effects of choice on decision-making,which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to Soman and other researchers,increased stress,cognitive overload,and confusion about the possibilities are some of the reasons that people

When making decisions,emotions,such as fear,hope,anxiety,liking,or disgust can

You go to the new ice cream parlor that has 48 different flavors of ice cream and 20 different toppings.According to behavioral economist Dilip Soman,having all these choices

A large drunken guy in a bar insults Josh's girlfriend.Josh is very angry,but he takes a few deep breaths and "counts to ten." These deep breaths and "counting to ten" will most likely

Regarding how emotions and choice affect one's decisionmaking,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In selecting a career,it is best to

Janie states that she likes to write,so she will become a journalist,while Matt wants to make a lot of money and decides that "being a lawyer pays well." Both Janie and Matt are making their career decisions by

In one study,a group of consumers were given an option to purchase jam with half of them choosing from six different flavors and the other half choosing from 24 flavors.The researchers found that the consumers with more choice expressed

Quiz 39: Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

In deciding on a career,Aria is thinking about the pay,working conditions,job satisfaction,needed skills,future employment outlook,and many other factors.Aria

Restaurants whose menus feature a broader variety of choices often find that

On a creativity test,you are asked to list all the uses of a dime with your total number of ideas being your flexibilty score.

Many people vote for a candidate based more on whether they like the candidate or not,rather than voting for the candidate that is the most qualified for the job,which illustrates how one's judgment can be affected by

Framing decisions narrowly

Rapid insight,or the "Aha! experience," occurs during the verification stage of creative thought.

Deductive thought is thinking that applies a general set of rules to specific situations,for example,using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object.

When we must make a choice among various alternatives,which of the following often determines intuitively what seems to be the right answer?

Cindy's parents do not like Cindy's boyfriend Sean and forbid her to see him again.Cindy is angry and hurt,so she decides to elope with Sean that very night.Cindy's decision most likely occurred due to

Personal rituals,such as counting to ten,meditating for a moment,and engaging in superstitious behaviors like crossing your fingers before moving ahead,

Regarding the effects of choice on decision-making,which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to Soman and other researchers,increased stress,cognitive overload,and confusion about the possibilities are some of the reasons that people

When making decisions,emotions,such as fear,hope,anxiety,liking,or disgust can

You go to the new ice cream parlor that has 48 different flavors of ice cream and 20 different toppings.According to behavioral economist Dilip Soman,having all these choices

A large drunken guy in a bar insults Josh's girlfriend.Josh is very angry,but he takes a few deep breaths and "counts to ten." These deep breaths and "counting to ten" will most likely

Regarding how emotions and choice affect one's decision­making,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In selecting a career,it is best to

Janie states that she likes to write,so she will become a journalist,while Matt wants to make a lot of money and decides that "being a lawyer pays well." Both Janie and Matt are making their career decisions by

In one study,a group of consumers were given an option to purchase jam with half of them choosing from six different flavors and the other half choosing from 24 flavors.The researchers found that the consumers with more choice expressed

Regarding how emotions and choice affect one's decisionmaking,which of the following statements is FALSE?