Question 1

When the sympathetic branch is activated,
A)the pupils of one's eyes constrict.
B)one's digestion is stimulated.
C)there is a release of sugar from the liver.
D)one's blood vessels constrict.

Accepted Answer

When the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is activated, it triggers the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla. These hormones stimulate the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, increasing blood sugar levels to prepare the body for fight or flight response.

Question 2

The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the
A)axon.
B)nucleus.
C)dendrites.
D)telodendria.

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are the part of the neuron that receives messages from other neurons. Axons are responsible for transmitting messages away from the neuron cell body. The nucleus is the part of the neuron that contains genetic information and directs cell function. Telodendria are the small branches at the end of the axon that connect with other neurons or muscle cells.

Question 3

Your instructor has just decided not to give the pop test that was announced at the beginning of class.The class breathes a collective "sigh of relief." This relief is best explained by which nervous system?
A)somatic
B)central
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, which promotes relaxation and a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. The relief felt by the class is likely due to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 4

The billions of neurons in the brain are accompanied by an almost equal number of other cells whose function is to support the neurons in a variety of ways.These cells are called
A)effector cells.
B)glial cells.
C)vesicles.
D)myelins.

Accepted Answer

The cells that support neurons in the brain are called glial cells.

Question 5

A neuron is made up of dendrites,a soma,and a(n)
A)axon.
B)synapse.
C)diaton.
D)peptide.

Accepted Answer

A neuron is made up of three main parts: dendrites, which receive signals from other neurons; a cell body or soma, which processes the signals; and an axon, which transmits the processed signals to other neurons or muscles. Therefore, the best choice is A)axon.

Question 6

Glial cells are the
A)chemicals released by a neuron that alter activity in other neurons.
B)electrically charged molecules found inside each neuron.
C)cells that support neurons in a variety of ways.
D)the thin layer of cells that form a "tunnel" that damaged neuron fibers can follow as they repair themselves.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons in several ways. They help to maintain homeostasis in the nervous system, provide nutrients to neurons, and play a role in repairing damage to neural tissue. Glial cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

Question 7

Your instructor announces a "pop" test.You have not read the Chapter yet.Your heart and breathing rate increases,and your mouth becomes dry.Which nervous system was responsible for this reaction?
A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)central

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which includes an increase in heart rate, breathing rate, and dry mouth. This response is triggered by stress or a perceived threat, such as the announcement of a surprise test.

Question 8

The part of the nervous system that quiets the body after arousal and helps maintain vital functions (like breathing)at moderate levels is the _______ branch.
A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)central
D)peripheral

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic branch is responsible for calming the body down after arousal and maintaining essential functions at moderate levels. The sympathetic branch is responsible for activating the body's fight or flight response, which is the opposite of calming down. The central and peripheral branches refer to different parts of the nervous system, but do not specifically relate to calming or arousal.

Question 9

After rushing to catch the bus,when you find a seat and begin to relax,the return to your normal heart rate is under the influence of the
A)central nervous system.
B)parasympathetic branch.
C)sympathetic branch.
D)somatic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for returning the body to its normal resting state after a stressful event, such as rushing to catch a bus. This branch counteracts the effects of the sympathetic branch, which is responsible for the fight-or-flight response that is activated during stress. The other options are not involved in returning the body to its normal state.

Question 10

You are watching a horror movie.The music changes to the familiar tune you recognize as a prelude to danger.You tense up,your heart rate increases,your breathing becomes shallow,and your mouth is dry.Which nervous system has been activated?
A)somatic
B)central
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system has been activated because the physical symptoms described (tensing up, increased heart rate, shallow breathing, dry mouth) are all associated with the fight or flight response that is triggered by the sympathetic nervous system in response to perceived danger or threat.

Question 11

Regarding neurons,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Neurons carry information from the senses to the brain and also activate muscles and glands.
B)When neurons form vast networks,they produce intelligence and consciousness.
C)The axons are the tree-root like parts of neurons that are specially designed to receive the messages from other neurons.
D)No two neurons are exactly alike,but most have four basic parts: dendrites,soma,axon,and axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

Axons are not the parts of neurons that receive messages from other neurons. Rather, dendrites are responsible for receiving signals from other neurons, while axons transmit information to other neurons or to muscles and glands.

Question 12

You are in the forest and see a large,snarling,drooling grizzly bear running directly toward you.The adrenaline rush you feel is controlled by the
A)sympathetic branch.
B)parasympathetic branch.
C)central nervous system.
D)neurotransmitter dopamine.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which is activated in situations of danger or stress, such as encountering a grizzly bear. This response triggers the release of adrenaline, which causes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and other physiological responses that prepare the body to either fight or flee from danger.

Question 13

When the sympathetic branch is activated,
A)tears and salivation are stimulated.
B)digestion is stimulated.
C)pupils of the eyes dilate.
D)blood vessels are constricted.

Accepted Answer

When the sympathetic branch is activated, the pupils of the eyes dilate. This is part of the fight or flight response, where the body needs to be able to see more clearly to assess the situation and respond accordingly. Tears and salivation are stimulated by the parasympathetic branch, not the sympathetic branch. Digestion is inhibited by the sympathetic branch, not stimulated. Blood vessels are generally dilated by the sympathetic branch to increase blood flow to muscles and organs during the fight or flight response, not constricted.

Question 14

The individual nerve cells specialized to carry and process information are called
A)neurotransmitters.
B)synapses.
C)ions.
D)neurons.

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the individual nerve cells specialized to carry and process information. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals between neurons and synapses are the junctions between two neurons. Ions are charged particles that play a role in neuronal signaling, but they are not the specialized cells themselves.

Question 15

When the parasympathetic branch is controlling one's body,
A)the pupils of one's eyes dilate.
B)one's digestion is inhibited.
C)one's bladder relaxes.
D)tears and salivation are stimulated.

Accepted Answer

When the parasympathetic branch is controlling one's body, tears and salivation are stimulated. The other options are controlled by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Question 16

After successfully running from the large,snarling,drooling grizzly bear that was running directly toward you,you pause to catch your breath and collect your wits.The physical symptoms you now experience are controlled by the
A)sympathetic branch.
B)parasympathetic branch.
C)central nervous system.
D)neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After successfully running from the large,snarling,drooling grizzly...

Question 17

Which of the following carry information from the senses to the brain,activate muscles and glands,and form vast networks that produce intelligence and consciousness?
A)neurons
B)glial cells
C)synapses
D)nuclei ions

Accepted Answer

Neurons are specialized cells that transmit signals from the sensory organs to the brain and from the brain to muscles and glands. Neurons form complex networks that allow us to think, feel, and move. While glial cells and synapses are also involved in the functioning of the nervous system, they do not carry information from the senses to the brain or activate muscles and glands. Nuclei ions are not a component of the nervous system.

Question 18

Within a neuron,information typically flows in which directional order?
A)soma,dendrites,axon
B)dendrites,soma,axon
C)dendrites,myelin,axon terminal
D)axon terminal,neurilemma,dendrites

Accepted Answer

Information typically flows from the dendrites (which receive input from other neurons) to the soma (the cell body where the inputs are integrated) and then down the axon (which transmits the signal to other neurons or target cells). Option A is incorrect because soma comes after dendrites. Option C is incorrect because myelin is not a part of the normal flow of information. Option D is incorrect because the flow of information does not start at the axon terminal.

Question 19

Viewed under a microscope,the nervous system is a large network of about 100 billion interlinked nerve cells,or
A)neurilemmas.
B)neuropeptides.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)neurons.

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is composed of nerve cells called neurons, which number around 100 billion and are interconnected to form a complex network. The other choices, such as neurilemmas, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters, are related to neurons but do not describe the entire nervous system.

Question 20

When the parasympathetic branch is controlling one's body,
A)there is a release of sugar from the liver.
B)tears and salivation are inhibited.
C)the pupils of the eyes dilate.
D)digestion is stimulated.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic branch is responsible for stimulating digestion by increasing activity in the digestive system. Choice A is incorrect because the parasympathetic branch does not stimulate release of sugar from the liver, but rather helps regulate blood sugar levels. Choice B is incorrect because tears and salivation are actually stimulated by the parasympathetic branch. Choice C is incorrect because the parasympathetic branch causes constriction of the pupils, not dilation.

Quiz 8: Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

When the sympathetic branch is activated,

The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the

Your instructor has just decided not to give the pop test that was announced at the beginning of class.The class breathes a collective "sigh of relief." This relief is best explained by which nervous system?

The billions of neurons in the brain are accompanied by an almost equal number of other cells whose function is to support the neurons in a variety of ways.These cells are called

A neuron is made up of dendrites,a soma,and a(n)

Glial cells are the

Your instructor announces a "pop" test.You have not read the Chapter yet.Your heart and breathing rate increases,and your mouth becomes dry.Which nervous system was responsible for this reaction?

The part of the nervous system that quiets the body after arousal and helps maintain vital functions (like breathing) at moderate levels is the _______ branch.

After rushing to catch the bus,when you find a seat and begin to relax,the return to your normal heart rate is under the influence of the

You are watching a horror movie.The music changes to the familiar tune you recognize as a prelude to danger.You tense up,your heart rate increases,your breathing becomes shallow,and your mouth is dry.Which nervous system has been activated?

Regarding neurons,which of the following statements is FALSE?

You are in the forest and see a large,snarling,drooling grizzly bear running directly toward you.The adrenaline rush you feel is controlled by the

When the sympathetic branch is activated,

The individual nerve cells specialized to carry and process information are called

When the parasympathetic branch is controlling one's body,

After successfully running from the large,snarling,drooling grizzly bear that was running directly toward you,you pause to catch your breath and collect your wits.The physical symptoms you now experience are controlled by the

Which of the following carry information from the senses to the brain,activate muscles and glands,and form vast networks that produce intelligence and consciousness?

Within a neuron,information typically flows in which directional order?

Viewed under a microscope,the nervous system is a large network of about 100 billion interlinked nerve cells,or

When the parasympathetic branch is controlling one's body,