Question 1

The reason(s)why a One-way ANOVA is used to compare 3 or more means and not several t-tests is because:
A)It is too time consuming
B)It does not take into account variance
C)Increases the chance of a Type I error
D)Both a & b are correct
E)Both a & c are correct

Accepted Answer

Conducting multiple t-tests increases the chance of a Type I error, which is the rejection of a true null hypothesis. A One-way ANOVA takes into account variance and can determine if there is a significant difference between any of the means among the groups being compared. Additionally, conducting multiple t-tests can be time consuming, while a One-way ANOVA is a more efficient way to compare three or more means.

Question 2

A psychologist's is studying the affects of Ritalin on concentration in 40 children that have been matched on age and IQ.Twenty of the children receive Ritalin and are asked to take an exam that measures their concentration.The other 20 children did not receive Ritalin,but a placebo pill and took the same exam.After graphing this data,the researcher realizes that the data is not normally distributed.What should he do?
A)Increase your sample size
B)use a nonparametric test to analyze data
C)Give up and start over
D)Both a & b
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

When data is not normally distributed, increasing the sample size can sometimes help achieve a more normal distribution, but it's not always feasible or effective. In such cases, using a nonparametric test, which doesn't assume normal distribution, is a suitable approach. Therefore, both increasing the sample size and using a nonparametric test are valid options.

Question 3

If you want to determine if GPA is correlated with SAT scores what test would you use?
A)correlate t-test
B)independent t-test
C)Pearson correlation
D)Spearman rank-order
E)both c & d

Accepted Answer

To determine correlation between two continuous variables, we would use either Pearson correlation or Spearman rank-order correlation. However, since both GPA and SAT scores are numerical data and we want to determine the strength and direction of their linear relationship, we would use Pearson correlation. Therefore, the best choice is C) Pearson correlation.

Question 4

If one wishes to compare groups ranks,then a _____ method should be used.
A)parametric
B)nonparametric
C)either a parametric or a nonparametric
D)it depends on the number of levels of the independent variable

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric methods should be used for comparing group ranks because they do not make assumptions about the distribution of the data, which is necessary when using parametric methods. Nonparametric methods are also more robust to outliers and can be used with smaller sample sizes.

Question 5

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,most researchers will NOT use a parametric test in situations where the dependent measure has only two or three values.

Accepted Answer

When the dependent variable has only two or three values, it is often more appropriate to use a non-parametric test such as a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test instead of a parametric test.

Question 6

When both of the variables under study are qualitative and between-subjects in nature,the appropriate method of data analysis is the
A)independent groups t test.
B)one-way between-subjects analysis of variance.
C)two-way between-subjects analysis of variance.
D)chi square test.

Accepted Answer

When both variables under study are qualitative and between-subjects in nature, the appropriate method of data analysis is the chi square test. This test is used to determine whether there is a significant association between two categorical variables.

Question 7

Dr.Hinson used a One-Way ANOVA,repeated measures and has set his alpha level at .05 nondirectional.He reported the following: F(2,19)=6.99.Based on this information what can you conclude?
A)There was a significant difference between groups (reject null hypothesis)
B)There was no significant difference between groups (do not reject null hypothesis)
C)A type II error has been committed
D)There is a significant main effect of your independent variable
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Hinson used a One-Way ANOVA,repeated measures and...

Question 8

What statistical test would you use if your dependent variable is measured on an nominal scale and your independent variable is measured on a nominal scale and you are using a within subject design?
A)Wilcoxon Signed-Rank
B)Correlated t-test
C)One-way ANOVA Repeated measures
D)Chi-Square
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

When both the dependent variable and independent variable are nominal and measured within subjects, the appropriate statistical test is a chi-square test. This test is used to determine if there is a significant association between the two variables.

Question 9

In the example above it was found that the higher your GPA is the higher you scored on the SAT which indicates_____.
A)positive correlation
B)negative correlation
C)a significant correlation
D)significant difference between groups
E)none of these

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation was found between GPA and SAT scores, meaning that as one variable (GPA) increases, so does the other variable (SAT scores).

Question 10

Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)is used when there is_____.
A)Two levels of the independent variable
B)Two or more levels of the dependent variable
C)Nominal scales of measurement
D)None of these

Accepted Answer

MANOVA is used when there are two or more levels of the dependent variable, and is used to examine whether there are significant differences between groups when there are multiple dependent variables. Option A is incorrect because MANOVA can have multiple levels of the independent variable. Option C is incorrect because MANOVA can be used with a variety of scales of measurement, not just nominal. Option D is incorrect because there is a valid answer.

Question 11

When the independent variable is quantitative and the dependent variable is qualitative,an appropriate method of data analysis could be
A)Pearson correlation.
B)polychotomous logistic regression.
C)Kruskal-Wallis test.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Polychotomous logistic regression is a suitable method of data analysis in this scenario as it allows for the prediction of the probability of the qualitative outcome based on the quantitative predictor. Pearson correlation is only appropriate when both variables are quantitative and Kruskal-Wallis test is used for comparing the medians of multiple groups based on a single, categorical variable.

Question 12

A consumer psychologist was interested in the influence that the color of the ice cream has on perceived taste.Four hundred subjects were asked to taste 3 different types of vanilla ice cream.Each type was identical in ingredients except they were different shades of yellow.After tasting each ice cream,the subject was asked to rate the ice cream on a scale 1-5 (5 being more favorable: interval scale).What statistical test should be used?
A)Chi-Square
B)Correlated t-test
C)One-way ANOVA Repeated measures
D)One-way ANOVA between groups
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

One-way ANOVA Repeated measures is appropriate because the same subjects are tasting all variations and providing ratings, making the measurements related.

Question 13

The F test for a one-way repeated measures ANOVA is appropriate when the dependent variable is_____in nature and measured on a level that approximates_____level of measurement.
A)quantitative;interval
B)quantitative;ratio
C)qualitative;nominal
D)qualitative;interval
E)both a & b

Accepted Answer

The answer of The F test for a one-way repeated...

Question 14

A parametric test should NOT be used in situations where
A)the dependent variable is measure on an interval level.
B)the distributional assumptions of the parametric test have been violated but the test is robust to these violations.
C)the distributional assumptions of the parametric test have been violated and the test is not robust to these violations.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

If the distributional assumptions of a parametric test have been violated and the test is not robust to these violations, it is not appropriate to use a parametric test. This is because the results will not be reliable and may be misleading. Other non-parametric tests should be used in this situation.

Question 15

A psychologist's is studying the affects of Ritalin on concentration in 40 children that have been matched on age and IQ.Twenty of the children receive Ritalin and are asked to take an exam that measures their concentration.The other 20 children did not receive Ritalin,but a placebo pill and took the same exam.What statistical test is appropriate for this study?
A)Correlate t-test
B)Independent t-test
C)One-way ANOVA (between subjects)
D)ANOVA (repeated measures)
E)Two-way ANOVA (between subjects)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A psychologist's is studying the affects of...

Question 16

In the example above if the researcher were able to reject the null hypothesis and state based on the color of the ice cream the ratings were different how would you determine the nature of the relationship?
A)Turkey HSD test
B)Inspection of the means
C)Square root of total variance
D)Eta-squared
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the example above if the researcher...

Question 17

In a one-way analysis of variance (repeated measures)the strength of the relationship is determined by: _____.
A)eta-squared
B)Tukey HSD test
C)inspection of the means
D)square root of total variance
E)none of these

Accepted Answer

Eta-squared is a measure of the effect size in repeated measures ANOVA and indicates the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 18

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,the choice of the appropriate method of data analysis depends on
A)whether a parametric or nonparametric test is desired.
B)whether the independent variable is between-subjects or within-subjects in nature.
C)the number of levels that characterize the independent variable.
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative, the appropriate method of data analysis depends on several factors. First, the choice between parametric or nonparametric tests will depend on whether the assumptions of parametric tests (e.g., normality, homogeneity of variance) are met. Second, the nature of the independent variable (between-subjects vs. within-subjects) will determine whether a t-test, ANOVA, or repeated measures ANOVA is appropriate. Finally, the number of levels of the independent variable will determine whether post-hoc testing is needed to determine specific group differences. Therefore, all of the options (A, B, and C) are factors to consider when choosing the appropriate method of data analysis.

Question 19

If group means are the focus of an analysis where the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,which of the following are further considerations which must be given before the type of test is chosen?
A)The number of values of the dependent variable.
B)The level of measurement of the dependent variable.
C)The extent of violation of distributional assumptions.
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of If group means are the focus of...

Question 20

Dr.James used a Pearson correlation and found that there was a relationship between the number of publications of faculty members and the number of graduate programs offered (r=.85).To determine the nature of the relationship what should Dr.James do? A)Inspect the sign of r (positive or negative) B)Use eta-squared C)Perform a post-hoc test D)Use coefficient of determination r² E)both b & d

Accepted Answer

Dr. James should inspect the sign of r (positive or negative) to determine the nature of the relationship between the number of publications of faculty members and the number of graduate programs offered. A positive correlation (r > 0) would indicate that as the number of publications increases, so does the number of graduate programs offered. A negative correlation (r < 0) would indicate that as the number of publications increases, the number of graduate programs offered decreases.

Quiz 18: Overview and Extension: Statistical Tests for More Complex Designs

The reason(s) why a One-way ANOVA is used to compare 3 or more means and not several t-tests is because:

If you want to determine if GPA is correlated with SAT scores what test would you use?

If one wishes to compare groups ranks,then a _____ method should be used.

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,most researchers will NOT use a parametric test in situations where the dependent measure has only two or three values.

When both of the variables under study are qualitative and between-subjects in nature,the appropriate method of data analysis is the

Dr.Hinson used a One-Way ANOVA,repeated measures and has set his alpha level at .05 nondirectional.He reported the following: F(2,19) =6.99.Based on this information what can you conclude?

What statistical test would you use if your dependent variable is measured on an nominal scale and your independent variable is measured on a nominal scale and you are using a within subject design?

In the example above it was found that the higher your GPA is the higher you scored on the SAT which indicates_____.

Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) is used when there is_____.

When the independent variable is quantitative and the dependent variable is qualitative,an appropriate method of data analysis could be

The F test for a one-way repeated measures ANOVA is appropriate when the dependent variable is_in nature and measured on a level that approximates_level of measurement.

A parametric test should NOT be used in situations where

In the example above if the researcher were able to reject the null hypothesis and state based on the color of the ice cream the ratings were different how would you determine the nature of the relationship?

In a one-way analysis of variance (repeated measures) the strength of the relationship is determined by: _____.

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,the choice of the appropriate method of data analysis depends on

If group means are the focus of an analysis where the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,which of the following are further considerations which must be given before the type of test is chosen?

Dr.James used a Pearson correlation and found that there was a relationship between the number of publications of faculty members and the number of graduate programs offered (r=.85) .To determine the nature of the relationship what should Dr.James do?