Question 1

The first step of doing a rank tests is to rank scores on the dependent variable.This process changes the level of measurement from approximately_____ to _____.
A)interval;ratio
B)nominal;ordinal
C)ordinal;nominal
D)interval;ordinal

Accepted Answer

Rank tests involve ordering scores from lowest to highest, which changes the level of measurement from interval (where the distance between values is meaningful) to ordinal (where only the order of values is meaningful).

Question 2

When ranking scores,what should be done in the case of a tie? (i.e.,two scores that are the same.
A)The scores are placed in random order at the ranks involved.
B)The scores are both assigned the average of the ranks involved.
C)The scores are thrown out.
D)A modification should be made to the computations.

Accepted Answer

When there is a tie in ranking scores, the most common practice is to assign the average of the ranks involved to each of the tied scores. This maintains the integrity of the ranking system and accurately reflects the performance of the tied scores relative to the rest of the group.

Question 3

The null hypothesis of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test can be stated in words as follows:
A)The rank sum for each group will be equal,and any differences are due to sampling error.
B)The expected value for each rank sum will be equal to the average of the rank sums for the positive and negative differences.
C)The expected value for difference scores will be less than the average of the rank sums for the positive and negative differences
D)The rank sum for each group will be less than the total rank sum.

Accepted Answer

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric test used to compare two related samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess whether their population mean ranks differ. The null hypothesis essentially states that the median difference between the pairs of observations is zero, which can be interpreted as expecting the average rank of the positive differences to be equal to the average rank of the negative differences, as described in option B.

Question 4

According to the assumptions of the rank tests,ties are viewed as the result of
A)restriction in range of the datA.
B)errors in data collection.
C)imprecise measurement of the variable.
D)outliers in the data set.

Accepted Answer

Ties in rank tests are often viewed as the result of imprecise measurement of the variable, which means that the exact differences between some observations cannot be determined, leading to their being assigned the same rank.

Question 5

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: 
What is the U value for group one?
A)7.5
B)10.5
C)-7.5
D)-10.5

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher examined the relationship between gender...

Question 6

The nonparametric tests presented in the text are based on what type of scores?
A)rank scores
B)z scores
C)t scores
D)F scores

Accepted Answer

The nonparametric tests presented in the text are based on rank scores, such as the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test. These tests are used when assumptions of normality and equal variance are not met.

Question 7

In the Wilcoxon sign-rank test,the strength of the relationship can be measured with the matched-pairs rank biserial correlation coefficient.How is the calculated value interpreted for the strength of the relationship?
A)The coefficient is interpreted the same way as the values for Epsilon-squared.
B)The coefficient is interpreted the same way as the values for omega-squared.
C)The coefficient is interpreted the same way as the values for eta-squared.
D)The coefficient is interpreted the same way as the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Accepted Answer

The matched-pairs rank biserial correlation coefficient is interpreted in the same way as the Pearson correlation coefficient, with values ranging from -1 to 1 indicating the strength and direction of the relationship between the two variables being compared.

Question 8

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: 
What is the U statistic for this data set?
A)7.5
B)10.5
C)-7.5
D)-10.5

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher examined the relationship between gender...

Question 9

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: 
Compared to a critical value of 2.0,the decision should be to _____ because the observed value is _____ than the critical value.
A)Reject the null hypothesis;lower
B)Do not reject the null hypothesis;lower
C)Reject the null hypothesis;higher
D)Do not reject the null hypothesis;higher

Accepted Answer

The researcher did not provide the observed value, but based on the information given, we can determine that the calculated value of the test statistic is greater than the critical value of 2.0. Therefore, the decision should be to reject the null hypothesis, indicating that there is a significant relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol. Choice A is the correct option as it states to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 10

The Dunn procedure is analogous to which of the following parametric procedures for determining the nature of the relationship?
A)Tukey HSD
B)examining group means to see which is higher/lower
C)concordance coefficient
D)comparison of mean ranks

Accepted Answer

The Dunn procedure is a non-parametric counterpart to the Tukey HSD test, which is used for making multiple comparisons between groups when the data are normally distributed. The Dunn procedure is used when the data do not meet the assumptions of normality required for the Tukey HSD test.

Question 11

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: 
What is the value for the Glass rank biserial correlation coefficient?
A).20
B).40
C).50
D).60

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher examined the relationship between gender...

Question 12

Which of the following nonparametric tests involves the analysis of ranked difference scores?
A)Mann-Whitney U Test
B)Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
C)Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
D)Kruskal-Wallis Test

Accepted Answer

The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test involves the analysis of ranked difference scores. The Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test are nonparametric tests but they do not involve the analysis of ranked difference scores. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test is another name for the Mann-Whitney U Test, so it is not the best choice for this question.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions for use of the Kruskal-Wallis test?
A)The independent variable is qualitative
B)The independent variable is quantitative
C)Scores on the dependent variable at least approximate an interval level of measurement.
D)The independent variable has three or more levels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 14

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: 
What is the U value for group 2?
A)7.5
B)10.5
C)-7.5
D)-10.5

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher examined the relationship between gender...

Question 15

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: 
The expected rank sum for group 2 is _______________ group 1.
A)lower than
B)the same as
C)higher than
D)cannot be determined

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher examined the relationship between gender...

Question 16

In the Wilcoxon rank sum test,when sample sizes for two groups are equal,the null hypothesis is
A)the rank sum for each group will be equal,and any differences are due to sampling error.
B)the rank sum for one group will be equal to or higher than the other.
C)the rank sum for one group will be equal to or lower than the other.
D)high scores will be concentrated in one of the conditions.

Accepted Answer

When sample sizes for two groups are equal, the null hypothesis in the Wilcoxon rank sum test is that the rank sum for each group will be equal, and any differences observed are due to sampling error. This means that there is no significant difference between the two groups.

Question 17

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: 
Which statement below best describes the nature of the relationship for the above data?
A)Women have a more positive attitude toward drinking alcohol than men.
B)Men have a more positive attitude toward drinking alcohol than women.
C)There was only a minimal difference between attitudes toward drinking alcohol for men and women.
D)There was no difference between attitudes toward drinking alcohol for men and women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher examined the relationship between gender...

Question 18

The alternative hypothesis for the Kruskal-Wallis test can be interpreted as follows:
A)The mean ranks for the conditions should be the same,and any differences are merely due to sampling error.
B)The mean ranks for the conditions will not all be the same.
C)The expected value for the difference scores will be less than the average for the full sample.
D)The value of the H statistic will be lower than a specified critical value.

Accepted Answer

The alternative hypothesis for the Kruskal-Wallis test is that the mean ranks for the conditions will not all be the same. This means that there is a difference in the distribution of the data among the groups being compared. Therefore, if the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis, we can conclude that there is significant evidence to suggest that there is a difference between at least one of the groups.

Question 19

Which of the following research designs is appropriate for the Wilcoxon rank sum test?
A)between-subjects independent variable with three or more levels and a rank ordered dependent variable.
B)within-subjects independent variable with only two levels and a rank ordered dependent variable.
C)between-subjects independent variable with only two levels and a rank ordered dependent variable.
D)within-subjects independent variable with three or more levels and a rank ordered dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The Wilcoxon rank sum test is appropriate for a between-subjects independent variable with only two levels and a rank ordered dependent variable. This test is used to compare the distribution of ranks between two groups (e.g. treatment vs. control) and determine if there is a significant difference. It is not appropriate for within-subjects designs or between-subjects designs with three or more levels.

Question 20

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: 
What is the rank sum for group 1?
A)20
B)35
C)30
D)27.5

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher examined the relationship between gender...

Quiz 16: Nonparametric Statistics

The first step of doing a rank tests is to rank scores on the dependent variable.This process changes the level of measurement from approximately_ to _.

When ranking scores,what should be done in the case of a tie? (i.e.,two scores that are the same.

The null hypothesis of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test can be stated in words as follows:

According to the assumptions of the rank tests,ties are viewed as the result of

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the U value for group one?

The nonparametric tests presented in the text are based on what type of scores?

In the Wilcoxon sign-rank test,the strength of the relationship can be measured with the matched-pairs rank biserial correlation coefficient.How is the calculated value interpreted for the strength of the relationship?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the U statistic for this data set?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: Compared to a critical value of 2.0,the decision should be to _ because the observed value is _ than the critical value.

The Dunn procedure is analogous to which of the following parametric procedures for determining the nature of the relationship?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the value for the Glass rank biserial correlation coefficient?

Which of the following nonparametric tests involves the analysis of ranked difference scores?

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions for use of the Kruskal-Wallis test?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the U value for group 2?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: The expected rank sum for group 2 is _______________ group 1.

In the Wilcoxon rank sum test,when sample sizes for two groups are equal,the null hypothesis is

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: Which statement below best describes the nature of the relationship for the above data?

The alternative hypothesis for the Kruskal-Wallis test can be interpreted as follows:

Which of the following research designs is appropriate for the Wilcoxon rank sum test?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the rank sum for group 1?

Quiz 16: Nonparametric Statistics

The first step of doing a rank tests is to rank scores on the dependent variable.This process changes the level of measurement from approximately_____ to _____.

When ranking scores,what should be done in the case of a tie? (i.e.,two scores that are the same.

The null hypothesis of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test can be stated in words as follows:

According to the assumptions of the rank tests,ties are viewed as the result of

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the U value for group one?

The nonparametric tests presented in the text are based on what type of scores?

In the Wilcoxon sign-rank test,the strength of the relationship can be measured with the matched-pairs rank biserial correlation coefficient.How is the calculated value interpreted for the strength of the relationship?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the U statistic for this data set?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: Compared to a critical value of 2.0,the decision should be to _____ because the observed value is _____ than the critical value.

The Dunn procedure is analogous to which of the following parametric procedures for determining the nature of the relationship?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the value for the Glass rank biserial correlation coefficient?

Which of the following nonparametric tests involves the analysis of ranked difference scores?

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions for use of the Kruskal-Wallis test?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the U value for group 2?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: The expected rank sum for group 2 is _______________ group 1.

In the Wilcoxon rank sum test,when sample sizes for two groups are equal,the null hypothesis is

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: Which statement below best describes the nature of the relationship for the above data?

The alternative hypothesis for the Kruskal-Wallis test can be interpreted as follows:

Which of the following research designs is appropriate for the Wilcoxon rank sum test?

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: What is the rank sum for group 1?

The first step of doing a rank tests is to rank scores on the dependent variable.This process changes the level of measurement from approximately_ to _.

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: Compared to a critical value of 2.0,the decision should be to _ because the observed value is _ than the critical value.