Question 1

A cow with black and white patches is produced from a white bull and a black cow. This is an example of
A) incomplete dominance.
B) Codominance.
C) dominance/recessive trait.
D) Polygenic.
E) Pleiotropy.

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance is exhibited when the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between that of either homozygote. Codominance is a type of inheritance pattern in which more than one allele is fully expressed. A dominant trait masks the expression of a recessive trait. Polygenic is a pattern of inheritance that occurs when a trait is governed by two or more sets of alleles. Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene has more than one effect.

Question 2

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. Morgan mates the snake with an albino female and 4 normally pigmented offspring are produced. Morgan rushes back to the snake dealer and demands his money back stating that the male he bought is not heterozygous for the albino allele because all of its offspring had normal pigmentation.
A) True because according to the laws of probability, at least one of the offspring should have been an albino.
B) True because 50% of all offspring produced must be albino.
C) False because for each offspring there is a 50% chance that it will have normal pigmentation.
D) False because a heterozygous male will only pass the dominant allele to its offspring.
E) True because if at least one parent is homozygous recessive, at least one of their offspring must also show the recessive trait.

Accepted Answer

For each offspring there is a 50% chance of normal pigmentation and a 50% chance of an albino. He would need to produce more offspring before definitely stating that the male is not heterozygous for the albino allele.

Question 3

A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood type O blood.
A) True because A and B are the dominant blood types and both individuals could carry a type O allele.
B) False, the child must have type AB blood.
C) True because A and B are codominant.
D) False because Type A and B are dominant blood types and these individuals cannot have an offspring with the recessive blood type.
E) True because only 1 O allele is needed.

Accepted Answer

Type O blood is recessive, so parents that are AO and BO could have a child that is OO.

Question 4

A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black, short-winged male fly. The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1. What is the genotype of the female fly?
A) LlGg
B) LLGG
C) llgg
D) LLgg
E) llGG

Accepted Answer

If a fly that is heterozygous for both traits is crossed with a fly that is recessive for both traits, the expected phenotypes is 1:1:1:1.

Question 5

A woman with Type AB blood marries a man with Type B blood. If they have children, what are all the possible blood types for these individuals?
A) AB only
B) AB, AA, AO, and BO
C) AB, BB, AO, and BO
D) BB only
E) AA, BB, and AB

Accepted Answer

The man could be I^Bi or I^BI^B. Thus, any of these are possible.

Question 6

Alleles that are linked on the same chromosome will assort independently during Meiosis.

Accepted Answer

Linked alleles will not assort independently. They are more likely to pass together to the offspring.

Question 7

The outcome of a genetic cross involving eye color and body type is predicted to have a 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio. When bred the organisms produced offspring with the following ratio 45%: 45%: 3%: 3%. These results are most likely due to:
A) the two genes in question being linked on the same chromosome
B) a spontaneous mutation within the offspring
C) pure chance
D) an innacurate prediction for the 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio
E) the two genes being on separate chromosomes

Accepted Answer

When genes are linked they are more likely to pass together to the offspring instead of assorting independently.

Question 8

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6 offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the baby snakes with the normal coloration?
A) They must be homozygous dominant.
B) They must be homozygous recessive.
C) They must be heterozygous.
D) They could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine their genotype but we know that they must carry the dominant allele.

Accepted Answer

If the mother is recessive, each offspring must carry the recessive allele.

Question 9

During meiosis, each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently from all other pairs of alleles. This statement corresponds to
A) the rule of multiplication.
B) the law of segregation.
C) the law of probability.
D) gene theory.
E) the law of independent assortment.

Accepted Answer

The law of independent assortment supports how all the different combinations of phenotypes can occur.

Question 10

Martha has widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. If Martha marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes?
A) 1/16
B) 1/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/2
E) 3/4

Accepted Answer

Martha must carry the allele for a straight hairline; her genotype is Wwee and her husband is WwEe. The Punnett Square for this cross reveals a 1/8^th probability of a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes.

Question 11

If the parental genotype if EeWw what are the potential allele combinations that could occur at the end of Meiosis?
A) EW, Ew, eW, and ew
B) EW, EE, eW, and ww
C) WW, Ew, EW, and ew
D) EE, WW, ee, and ww
E) EW, Ew, ee and ww

Accepted Answer

When the alleles assort during Meiosis there will be 4 different combinations possible from this individual: EW, Ew, eW and ew.

Question 12

Martha has a widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Martha's genotype?
A) WWEE
B) WwEE
C) wwee
D) WwEe
E) Wwee

Accepted Answer

Widow's peak is dominant, but she must have received the recessive allele from her dad. She has attached earlobes which is the recessive trait.

Question 13

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6 offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. What is the chance that another offspring produced by the same parents will be albino?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Accepted Answer

The female is recessive and the male is heterozygous. Thus there is a 50% chance that they will have an additional offspring that is albino.

Question 14

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will
A) express the dominant trait.
B) express the recessive trait.
C) exhibit an intermediate phenotype.
D) express both alleles.
E) exhibit an intermediate genotype.

Accepted Answer

With incomplete dominance, there are 3 phenotypes and the heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

Question 15

Amy has wavy hair and 6 fingers (an autosomal dominant trait). Which of the following combinations are possible for her parents? 
A) 5 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 2, 4, and 5
E) 2 and 4

Accepted Answer

At least one parent must have 6 fingers. Wavy hair is an intermediate trait so must have 2 different alleles.

Question 16

Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light. This is an example of ________________.
A) a multifactorial trait
B) polygenic inheritance
C) pleiotropy
D) codominance
E) incomplete dominance

Accepted Answer

Polygenic traits are governed by 2 or more sets of alleles and the effects of these alleles are additive and result in a range of different colors.

Question 17

If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray, this would be an example of ___________. However, if the calf has black and white spots this would be an example of _______________.
A) incomplete dominance; a sex-linked trait
B) complete dominance; polygenic trait
C) codominance; homology
D) incomplete dominance; codominance
E) a sex-linked trait; a recessive trait

Accepted Answer

With incomplete dominance, there are 3 phenotypes and the heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. With codominance, both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true about blood types? A) I^A represents antigen A on red blood cells. B) A person with AB blood has two different antigens on his red blood cells. C) The allele representing blood type O is recessive. D) This is an example of a multiple allele trait and an individual can have up to 3 different alleles. E) Blood types exhibit codominance and are also an example of a multiple allele trait.

Accepted Answer

Blood type is an example of multiple alleles (A, B, or O), however each individual can only have 2 alleles for a trait.

Question 19

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6 offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the father?
A) He must be homozygous dominant.
B) He must be heterozygous.
C) He must be homozygous recessive.
D) He could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine the father's genotype.

Accepted Answer

If recessive offspring are produced, both parents must have the recessive allele.

Question 20

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. What is the most effective way for Morgan verify this statement?
A) Breed the snake with a heterozygous female.
B) Breed the snake with a homozygous normal female.
C) Breed the snake with a female sibling.
D) Breed the snake with a homozygous recessive albino female.
E) He can breed the snake with any female and a portion of the offspring will always be albino.

Accepted Answer

This is a type of test cross. By mating the male with a known albino female, there is a 50% chance that albino offspring will be produced.

Quiz 10: Patterns of Inheritance

A cow with black and white patches is produced from a white bull and a black cow. This is an example of

A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood type O blood.

A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black, short-winged male fly. The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1. What is the genotype of the female fly?

A woman with Type AB blood marries a man with Type B blood. If they have children, what are all the possible blood types for these individuals?

Alleles that are linked on the same chromosome will assort independently during Meiosis.

The outcome of a genetic cross involving eye color and body type is predicted to have a 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio. When bred the organisms produced offspring with the following ratio 45%: 45%: 3%: 3%. These results are most likely due to:

During meiosis, each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently from all other pairs of alleles. This statement corresponds to

Martha has widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. If Martha marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes?

If the parental genotype if EeWw what are the potential allele combinations that could occur at the end of Meiosis?

Martha has a widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Martha's genotype?

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will

Amy has wavy hair and 6 fingers (an autosomal dominant trait) . Which of the following combinations are possible for her parents?

Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light. This is an example of ________________.

If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray, this would be an example of _. However, if the calf has black and white spots this would be an example of _____.

Which of the following is NOT true about blood types?

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6 offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the father?

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. What is the most effective way for Morgan verify this statement?