Deck 10: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the law of segregation?

A) Each individual has 2 factors for each trait.
B) Genes segregate during gamete formation.
C) Gametes contain only 1 gene from each pair.
D) During fertilization, each new individual obtains 2 genes for each trait.
E) Each gamete contains 2 genes for each trait.

Answer 1

E
Explanation: Each gamete is haploid which means it contains only 1 gene for each trait.

Question 2

How many different gametes can be produced from the genotype AaBBDDEeff?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8
E) 16

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The possible gametes are ABDEf, aBDEf, ABDef, and aBDef.

Question 3

The garden pea was a good model for Mendel's genetics experiments. Which of the following is NOT true regarding this model organism?

A) The plants were easy to grow.
B) Pea plants can either cross-pollinate or self-pollinate.
C) There was only one variety of pea available to Mendel.
D) The plants had several traits that were easily identified.
E) Most of the traits studied had no intermediate stage.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: There are many varieties of peas that Mendel was able to choose between.

Question 4

If an individual expresses a dominant disease, which of the following is true?

A) All of his children will always inherit the disease.
B) He will pass this disease to all of his daughters.
C) There is at least a 50% probability that his children will inherit the disease.
D) There is a 100% possibility that his sons will inherit this disease.
E) None of his children will inherit the disease unless his wife also has the disease.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a correct match?

A) pollen - male
B) stigma - female
C) anther - female
D) ovule - female
E) ovary - female

Question 6

What does true-breeding mean?

A) The organism has 2 parents.
B) The organism can be cross-pollinated.
C) The organism is self-pollinated.
D) The organism is easy to cultivate.
E) The organism cannot be cultivated.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

A) AAGg
B) freckles
C) AA
D) Ag
E) Gg

Question 8

In a one-trait test cross, the phenotype that disappears in the F1 generation is the ______.

A) dominant trait
B) negative trait
C) recessive trait
D) heterozygote
E) homozygote

Question 9

In a monohybrid cross, how many traits are examined?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 10

Which of the following is not a correct match?

A) physical expression of a trait - phenotype
B) allele that masks the expression of an alternate allele - dominant
C) identical alleles - heterozygous
D) allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele - recessive
E) the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype

Question 11

Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype.

A) True because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent.
B) True because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent.
C) False because one parent could carry the recessive allele.
D) False because both parents could carry the recessive allele.
E) True because both parents have the dominant allele.

Question 12

The filled-in squares of a Punnett square represent

A) the numbers of individuals with each version of a trait.
B) all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents.
C) an exact ratio that must always occur when the same parents have 4 offspring.
D) examples of some of the offspring that can arise from a one-trait cross.
E) the gametes from one parent.

Question 13

If a true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant of unknown parentage. Which of the following is correct?

A) All of the offspring (F1) will be short.
B) Over several generations, no short individuals will appear.
C) Some short individuals may appear in the F2 generation.
D) It is impossible to determine based on the information provided.
E) Some of the F1 generation will be short.

Question 14

In a dihybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous, the phenotypic ratio is ________.

A) 1:2:1
B) 9:3:3:1
C) 1:1:1
D) 3:1
E) 1:1:1:1

Question 15

Which of the following is true about an individual with the chromosomes shown in this figure?

A) All offspring will have the dominant phenotype for each trait.
B) All offspring will have the recessive phenotype for each trait.
C) A maximum of 4 different gametes are possible with 4 traits.
D) The individual is heterozygous for all traits.
E) The individual is homozygous for at least one trait.

Question 16

If a heterozygous dominant tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of tall:short plants?

A) 1:1
B) 1:2
C) 3:1
D) all tall
E) all short

Question 17

Referring to the figure shown here, which of the following are homologous chromosomes?

A) Figure B with one chromosome having both capital and lowercase letters.
B) Figure B as is.
C) Figure A with different letters on one of the chromosomes.
D) Figure A with the same letters but the order randomized.
E) Figure B with different letters on each chromosome.

Question 18

Alleles are

A) dominant traits.
B) recessive traits.
C) 2 versions of the same trait.
D) alternate versions of the same trait.
E) exact copies of the same trait.

Question 19

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A) physical expression of a trait - phenotype
B) allele that masks expression of alternate allele - dominant
C) identical alleles - homologous
D) allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele - recessive
E) the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype

Question 20

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype, FFGg?

A) Fg, FG
B) FF
C) Fg
D) FG, Fg, fG, fg
E) Fg, fG

Question 21

A cow with black and white patches is produced from a white bull and a black cow. This is an example of

A) incomplete dominance.
B) Codominance.
C) dominance/recessive trait.
D) Polygenic.
E) Pleiotropy.

Question 22

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. Morgan mates the snake with an albino female and 4 normally pigmented offspring are produced. Morgan rushes back to the snake dealer and demands his money back stating that the male he bought is not heterozygous for the albino allele because all of its offspring had normal pigmentation.

A) True because according to the laws of probability, at least one of the offspring should have been an albino.
B) True because 50% of all offspring produced must be albino.
C) False because for each offspring there is a 50% chance that it will have normal pigmentation.
D) False because a heterozygous male will only pass the dominant allele to its offspring.
E) True because if at least one parent is homozygous recessive, at least one of their offspring must also show the recessive trait.

Question 23

A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood type O blood.

A) True because A and B are the dominant blood types and both individuals could carry a type O allele.
B) False, the child must have type AB blood.
C) True because A and B are codominant.
D) False because Type A and B are dominant blood types and these individuals cannot have an offspring with the recessive blood type.
E) True because only 1 O allele is needed.

Question 24

A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black, short-winged male fly. The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1. What is the genotype of the female fly?

A) LlGg
B) LLGG
C) llgg
D) LLgg
E) llGG

Question 25

A woman with Type AB blood marries a man with Type B blood. If they have children, what are all the possible blood types for these individuals?

A) AB only
B) AB, AA, AO, and BO
C) AB, BB, AO, and BO
D) BB only
E) AA, BB, and AB

Question 26

Alleles that are linked on the same chromosome will assort independently during Meiosis.

Question 27

The outcome of a genetic cross involving eye color and body type is predicted to have a 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio. When bred the organisms produced offspring with the following ratio 45%: 45%: 3%: 3%. These results are most likely due to:

A) the two genes in question being linked on the same chromosome
B) a spontaneous mutation within the offspring
C) pure chance
D) an innacurate prediction for the 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio
E) the two genes being on separate chromosomes

Question 28

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6 offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the baby snakes with the normal coloration?

A) They must be homozygous dominant.
B) They must be homozygous recessive.
C) They must be heterozygous.
D) They could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine their genotype but we know that they must carry the dominant allele.

Question 29

During meiosis, each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently from all other pairs of alleles. This statement corresponds to

A) the rule of multiplication.
B) the law of segregation.
C) the law of probability.
D) gene theory.
E) the law of independent assortment.

Question 30

Martha has widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. If Martha marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes?

A) 1/16
B) 1/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/2
E) 3/4

Question 31

If the parental genotype if EeWw what are the potential allele combinations that could occur at the end of Meiosis?

A) EW, Ew, eW, and ew
B) EW, EE, eW, and ww
C) WW, Ew, EW, and ew
D) EE, WW, ee, and ww
E) EW, Ew, ee and ww

Question 32

Martha has a widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Martha's genotype?

A) WWEE
B) WwEE
C) wwee
D) WwEe
E) Wwee

Question 33

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6 offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. What is the chance that another offspring produced by the same parents will be albino?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 34

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will

A) express the dominant trait.
B) express the recessive trait.
C) exhibit an intermediate phenotype.
D) express both alleles.
E) exhibit an intermediate genotype.

Question 35

Amy has wavy hair and 6 fingers (an autosomal dominant trait). Which of the following combinations are possible for her parents?

A) 5 only
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 2, 4, and 5
E) 2 and 4

Question 36

Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light. This is an example of ________________.

A) a multifactorial trait
B) polygenic inheritance
C) pleiotropy
D) codominance
E) incomplete dominance

Question 37

If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray, this would be an example of ___________. However, if the calf has black and white spots this would be an example of _______________.

A) incomplete dominance; a sex-linked trait
B) complete dominance; polygenic trait
C) codominance; homology
D) incomplete dominance; codominance
E) a sex-linked trait; a recessive trait

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT true about blood types?

A) I^A represents antigen A on red blood cells.
B) A person with AB blood has two different antigens on his red blood cells.
C) The allele representing blood type O is recessive.
D) This is an example of a multiple allele trait and an individual can have up to 3 different alleles.
E) Blood types exhibit codominance and are also an example of a multiple allele trait.

Question 39

Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6 offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the father?

A) He must be homozygous dominant.
B) He must be heterozygous.
C) He must be homozygous recessive.
D) He could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine the father's genotype.

Question 40

Morgan buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. What is the most effective way for Morgan verify this statement?

A) Breed the snake with a heterozygous female.
B) Breed the snake with a homozygous normal female.
C) Breed the snake with a female sibling.
D) Breed the snake with a homozygous recessive albino female.
E) He can breed the snake with any female and a portion of the offspring will always be albino.

Question 41

Red-green colorblindness is a recessive X-linked trait. If a female is red-green colorblind, which of the following is TRUE?

A) Her mother must be colorblind.
B) Both her parents must be colorblind.
C) Both her parents are carriers of the recessive allele.
D) Her father must be colorblind.
E) Women cannot exhibit red-green colorblindness because they have two X chromosomes.

Question 42

The distance between the alleles for one trait and the alleles for a second trait is called the

A) map units
B) gap distance
C) dominant distance
D) gene locus

Question 43

Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait which leads to softening of the bones which can cause fractures and deformities. Rickets is often due to a deficiency of vitamin D, however, with vitamin-D resistant rickets, ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective. Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease; however, Maria's father has the disease. Maria marries a man that does not have the disease. What is the probability that they will have a daughter that has the disease?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 44

A male is always homozygous for a trait that is _________.

A) codominant
B) X-linked
C) autosomal
D) dominant
E) dihybrid

Question 45

Which variable will determine the coat color in Himalayan rabbits?

A) the genetics will determine it 100%
B) the environment will determine it 100%
C) both the genetics and environment will determine the coat color
D) neither the environment or genes will play a role in determining coat color

Question 46

Alleles A, B, and C are found on the same chromosome with alleles a, b, and c on the homologous chromosome. If alleles A and C on one homologous chromosome, and a and c on the other homologous chromosome are typically inherited together, this suggests that

A) A and C alleles are closer together than the a and c alleles.
B) the order of the alleles on one homologous chromosome is A, B, C.
C) alleles a and c are closer together than alleles c and b.
D) a recombinant gamete would contain alleles A, B, and C.
E) crossing over often occurs between sister chromatids.

Question 47

Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait which leads to softening of the bones which can cause fractures and deformities. Rickets is often due to a deficiency of vitamin D, however, with vitamin-D resistant rickets, ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective. Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease; however, Maria's father has the disease. Maria marries a man that does not have the disease. What is the probability that they will have a son that has the disease?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 48

Linked genes

A) always assort independently.
B) undergo crossing over of sister chromatids at a high rate.
C) are found on homologous chromosomes.
D) never cross over during prophase I.
E) tend to be close together on a single chromosome.

Question 49

A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 50

Ryan has type A blood and is color-blind (an X-linked recessive trait). Which of the following combinations are possible for his parents?

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
E) 1, 3, 4, and 5

Question 51

The allele for white eyes is located at loci 12 while the allele for hairy body is located at loci 16 on one chromosome. The allele for red eyes is located at loci 15 while the allele for normal body is located at loci 17 on a second chromosome. Which allele combination has the greater map distance?

A) white eyes and hairy body
B) white eyes and normal body
C) red eyes and normal body
D) red eyes and hairy body
E) white eyes and red eyes

Question 52

Vitamin-D resistant rickets is a sex-linked dominant trait which leads to softening of the bones which can cause fractures and deformities. Rickets is often due to a deficiency of vitamin D, however, with vitamin-D resistant rickets, ingestion of vitamin D is ineffective. Maria's mother is normal and does not display any symptoms of this disease; however, Maria's father has the disease. Will Maria have the disease?

A) Yes because this is a dominant disease so only one copy of the bad gene is needed to express the disease.
B) No because 2 copies of the gene are needed for a woman to display symptoms of an X-linked trait.
C) Yes because a daughter always expresses X-linked traits that she inherits from her from her father.
D) No, only male children will exhibit X-linked traits.
E) Yes, because Maria's mother is likely a carrier for the disease.

Question 53

Sickle cell disease is caused by a single mutation in the DNA of a particular gene. A person with this disease has red blood cells that lose their original donut shape and form a sickle shape. People with this disorder suffer from low energy levels, blood clots, and strokes. This is an example of

A) a multifactorial trait.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) codominance.
E) incomplete dominance.

Question 54

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Females can be heterozygous for sex-linked traits.
B) All traits on the sex chromosomes are associated with sexual development.
C) Males are heterozygous for the SRY gene.
D) The X and Y chromosomes are homologous.
E) Men pass their X-linked traits to their sons.

Question 55

A red-eyed male Drosophila mates with a red-eyed female Drosophila. One of the female's parents had white eyes. What proportion of the male offspring will have white eyes?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%