Question 1

After having unprotected sex with his girlfriend,16-year-old Earl says,"I never worry about getting AIDS because tough guys like me are immune to those kinds of diseases." This ill-fated thinking is reflective of
A)an imaginary audience.
B)a personal fable.
C)horizontal décalage.
D)hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Earl's belief that he is immune to AIDS reflects a personal fable, which is a characteristic of adolescent egocentrism. Adolescents with personal fables believe that they are unique and invincible, leading them to engage in risky behaviors without concern for consequences.

Question 2

________________________ is the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents,which is reflected in the belief that others are as interested in them as the adolescents are in themselves.
A)Adolescent egocentrism
B)Transitivity
C)Horizontal décalage
D)Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

Adolescent egocentrism is the correct term for the described phenomenon. It refers to the belief that one is the center of attention and that others are as preoccupied with them as they are with themselves. Transitivity refers to the ability to understand and extrapolate logical relationships between objects. Horizontal décalage is a concept related to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, referring to the uneven development of cognitive abilities across different aspects of a child's thinking. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning refers to the ability to form hypotheses and systematically test them.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a feature of formal operational thought?
A)idealism
B)abstract
C)logical
D)trial-and-error

Accepted Answer

Formal operational thought is characterized by the ability to think abstractly, logically, and with idealism. Trial-and-error is not a feature of formal operational thought, but rather a problem-solving strategy used in earlier stages of cognitive development.

Question 4

_________________________ showed us some important things to look for in cognitive development,such as the shift from preoperational to concrete operational thinking.
A)Vygotsky
B)Freud
C)Skinner
D)Piaget

Accepted Answer

The shift from preoperational to concrete operational thinking is a hallmark of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Vygotsky focused more on social and cultural influences on development, while Freud and Skinner primarily contributed to the fields of psychoanalysis and behaviorism, respectively.

Question 5

Jean Piaget was a(n)
A)educator.
B)physician.
C)psychologist.
D)social worker.

Accepted Answer

Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who is known for his pioneering work in the field of child development and intelligence. He conducted extensive research on cognitive development in children and proposed a stage theory of development.

Question 6

_____________________________ involves the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions.
A)Seriation
B)Abstraction
C)Logic
D)Transitivity

Accepted Answer

Transitivity involves the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions, such as understanding that if A is greater than B, and B is greater than C, then A is greater than C.

Question 7

Adolescence corresponds with what Piagetian stage of development?
A)formal operational stage
B)concrete operational stage
C)preoperational stage
D)sensorimotor stage

Accepted Answer

Adolescence corresponds with the formal operational stage of development according to Piaget's theory. This is the stage when individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and consider hypothetical situations. Adolescents are capable of more complex problem solving and decision making during this stage.

Question 8

In Todd's senior-level high-school science class,he and his science partner are conducting an experiment.Together,they are developing ways to solve their scientific inquiry,and then systematically concluding what is the best path to follow in solving the problem.They are demonstrating their ability for
A)abstract reasoning.
B)logical reasoning.
C)trial-and-error reasoning.
D)hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Todd and his science partner are systematically concluding what is the best path to follow in solving the problem, indicating that they are using a process of development and testing of hypotheses through experimentation, which is the basis for hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

Question 9

Piaget contributed many ideas for educators in the classroom.Which one of the statements below is not a contribution of Piaget?
A)Teachers should use a constructivist approach.
B)Teachers should be facilitators.
C)Teachers should only assess students at the end to evaluate progress.
D)Teachers should turn the classroom into a setting of exploration and discovery.

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed in constant assessment and evaluation of students' progress, not just at the end. Therefore, the statement that teachers should only assess students at the end does not reflect Piaget's contributions to education.

Question 10

Young Gino spends his days fantasizing about being the president of the United States,a sports hero,and a rock star.With which stage of Piagetian development is such idealized thinking often equated?
A)sensorimotor
B)concrete operational
C)preoperational
D)formal operational

Accepted Answer

The answer of Young Gino spends his days fantasizing about...

Question 11

The imaginary audience and the personal fable are two parts of
A)organization.
B)equilibration.
C)adolescent egocentrism.
D)intuitive thought.

Accepted Answer

The imaginary audience refers to the belief that others are constantly focused on and judging the adolescent's behavior and appearance. The personal fable refers to the belief that one's own experiences and emotions are unique and cannot be understood by others. Both of these are aspects of adolescent egocentrism, which is the tendency to focus on oneself to the exclusion of others.

Question 12

______________________ is Piaget's formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses,or best guesses,about ways to solve problems,such as an algebraic equation.
A)Concrete operational
B)Seriation
C)Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
D)Transitivity

Accepted Answer

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is Piaget's formal operational concept that is characterized by adolescents' ability to develop hypotheses or best guesses about ways to solve problems. They systematically test the hypotheses to arrive at a solution. This type of reasoning is essential in scientific inquiry, mathematics, and many other fields. Concrete operational is a different stage of cognitive development where children aged 7-12 develop the ability to reason logically about concrete events. Seriation refers to the ability to arrange objects or items in a specific order. Transitivity is the ability to understand the relationship between different objects or elements in a series. All these concepts are related to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, but only hypothetical-deductive reasoning is relevant to the ability to develop and test hypotheses about problem-solving.

Question 13

An adolescent's sense of personal uniqueness and indestructibility is known as the
A)personal fable.
B)imaginary audience.
C)adolescent myth.
D)foundling fantasy.

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is an aspect of adolescent egocentrism where the individual experiences an inflated sense of personal uniqueness and indestructibility, leading them to believe that they are invulnerable to harm or negative consequences. This can lead to risk-taking behaviors and a lack of concern for potential dangers. The other answer choices (B, C, and D) do not accurately describe this phenomenon.

Question 14

The imaginary audience is to the personal fable as
A)concern over others is to the belief in one's uniqueness.
B)formal operations is to post-formal operations.
C)disequalibration is to egocentrism.
D)concrete is to abstract.

Accepted Answer

The imaginary audience and personal fable are both aspects of adolescent egocentrism, with the former involving the belief that others are constantly evaluating and judging their behavior, while the latter involves the belief in one's own uniqueness and invincibility. Concern over others (or social comparison) is a key component of the imaginary audience, while the belief in one's own uniqueness is a key component of the personal fable. Therefore, A is the best choice as it accurately describes the relationship between the two concepts.

Question 15

Assimilation (incorporating new information into existing knowledge)_____________ the initial development of formal operational thought,and these thinkers perceive the world subjectively and idealistically.
A)inhibits
B)dominates
C)reverses
D)accelerates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assimilation (incorporating new information into existing knowledge)_____________...

Question 16

Concrete operational thought is to formal operational thought as
A)abstraction is to specific example.
B)trial-and-error is to hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
C)accommodation is to assimilation.
D)reflex is to internalization of schemes.

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational thought is focused on concrete objects and experiences, while formal operational thought involves the ability to reason abstractly and think about hypothetical situations. Therefore, the relationship between concrete operational thought and formal operational thought is similar to the relationship between trial-and-error problem solving and hypothetical-deductive reasoning, where the latter involves the ability to systematically test out different options and consider multiple solutions.

Question 17

Which statement best exemplifies early formal operational thinking?
A)"Anything is possible."
B)"If at first you don't succeed, quit."
C)"The mind is like a blank slate."
D)"It's time to worry about death."

Accepted Answer

Early formal operational thinking is characterized by the ability to think hypothetically and abstractly. The statement "Anything is possible" reflects a belief that there are no limits to what can be imagined or considered, which is indicative of this type of thinking. The other options are either too negative (B, D) or simplistic (C) to serve as adequate examples of early formal operational thought.

Question 18

Who of the following is engaging in an activity that characterizes formal operations?
A)George, who is able to understand that his mother still exists even when he cannot see her
B)Barbara, who is thinking about what happened to her yesterday
C)Dan, who is thinking about talking
D)Kara, who is thinking about thought itself

Accepted Answer

The activity of thinking about thought itself is an example of metacognition, which is a hallmark of formal operational thinking according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 19

According to current research on Piaget's ideas on formal operational thought,which one of the following statements is not addressed?
A)There is less individual variation in formal operational thought than Piaget believed.
B)Only one out of three young adolescents is a formal operational thinker.
C)Many American adults never become formal operational thinkers.
D)Many adults in other cultures never become formal operational thinkers.

Accepted Answer

The statement "There is less individual variation in formal operational thought than Piaget believed" is not addressed in current research on Piaget's ideas on formal operational thought.

Question 20

After getting her hair cut,15-year-old Denise tells her mother,"I can't go to school ever again because everyone is going to be laughing at my hair!" This aspect of adolescent egocentrism is called
A)the personal fable.
B)the imaginary audience.
C)idealistic thinking.
D)hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The statement "everyone is going to be laughing at my hair" demonstrates Denise's belief in an imaginary audience, which is a form of adolescent egocentrism. The personal fable (A) is characterized by a sense of uniqueness and invincibility, while idealistic thinking (C) involves the belief that things should be as they idealistically could be rather than as they are in reality. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning (D) refers to the ability to generate and test hypotheses.

Quiz 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches

After having unprotected sex with his girlfriend,16-year-old Earl says,"I never worry about getting AIDS because tough guys like me are immune to those kinds of diseases." This ill-fated thinking is reflective of

________________________ is the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents,which is reflected in the belief that others are as interested in them as the adolescents are in themselves.

Which of the following is not a feature of formal operational thought?

_________________________ showed us some important things to look for in cognitive development,such as the shift from preoperational to concrete operational thinking.

Jean Piaget was a(n)

_____________________________ involves the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions.

Adolescence corresponds with what Piagetian stage of development?

Piaget contributed many ideas for educators in the classroom.Which one of the statements below is not a contribution of Piaget?

Young Gino spends his days fantasizing about being the president of the United States,a sports hero,and a rock star.With which stage of Piagetian development is such idealized thinking often equated?

The imaginary audience and the personal fable are two parts of

______________________ is Piaget's formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses,or best guesses,about ways to solve problems,such as an algebraic equation.

An adolescent's sense of personal uniqueness and indestructibility is known as the

The imaginary audience is to the personal fable as

Assimilation (incorporating new information into existing knowledge) _____________ the initial development of formal operational thought,and these thinkers perceive the world subjectively and idealistically.

Concrete operational thought is to formal operational thought as

Which statement best exemplifies early formal operational thinking?

Who of the following is engaging in an activity that characterizes formal operations?

According to current research on Piaget's ideas on formal operational thought,which one of the following statements is not addressed?

After getting her hair cut,15-year-old Denise tells her mother,"I can't go to school ever again because everyone is going to be laughing at my hair!" This aspect of adolescent egocentrism is called