Question 1

Which of the following is the most pronounced physical change in middle and late childhood?
A)head circumference
B)waist circumference
C)leg length
D)proportional changes in relation to height

Accepted Answer

Proportional changes in relation to height are the most pronounced physical change in middle and late childhood. This is the time when children experience growth spurts and their arms, legs, and torso start to proportionally align with their body height. Head circumference, waist circumference, and leg length may also change during this time, but they are not as significant as the proportional changes.

Question 2

In the preschool years,both boys and girls
A)slim down as the trunks of their bodies lengthen.
B)put on additional weight as the trunks of their bodies lengthen.
C)slim down but the trunks of their bodies do not change.
D)put on additional weight but the trunks of their bodies do not change.

Accepted Answer

During the preschool years, both boys and girls experience slimming down as their trunks elongate. This results in a more proportionate body shape as compared to the round shape of toddlers. However, some children may put on weight due to factors such as genetics, diet, and lifestyle.

Question 3

Infants grow to approximately one and a half times their birth length during their first year of life.How is this growth spread out over the year?
A)approximately 10 cm every other month
B)most of the growth occurs in the last 6 months
C)approximately 2.5 cm per month
D)in unpredictable spurts

Accepted Answer

Infants generally grow at a fairly consistent rate of approximately 2.5 cm per month during their first year.

Question 4

Like most infants,Jordan learns to throw before he learns to kick.Which principle best explains this developmental pattern?
A)proximodistal
B)dominant-recessive
C)cephalocaudal
D)biodynamic

Accepted Answer

The principle of cephalocaudal development states that development occurs in a head-to-tail direction. This means that control of the head and upper body develops before control of the lower body. Therefore, it is expected that infants will learn to throw before they learn to kick, as throwing involves using the upper body and arms while kicking involves using the lower body and legs.

Question 5

______________ is a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that takes place in early adolescence for both boys and girls.
A)Growth hormone
B)Puberty
C)Physical challenge
D)Menarche

Accepted Answer

Puberty is the period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that takes place in early adolescence for both boys and girls. Growth hormone is involved in this process, but it is not the term used to describe the overall process of puberty. Physical challenge is not related to the process of puberty. Menarche specifically refers to the onset of menstruation in girls and is a part of puberty, but it does not encompass all of the changes that occur during this period of development.

Question 6

What is the average weight of a North American newborn?
A)2.5 kg
B)3.2 kg
C)4.5 kg
D)5.1 kg

Accepted Answer

The average weight of a North American newborn is approximately 3.2 kg (7 pounds). Option B is the closest to this average weight. Options A and C are too low and too high, respectively. Option D is significantly higher than the actual average weight, and such a high birth weight can lead to medical complications.

Question 7

Who is closest to half of her adult height?
A)Kara, who is five years old
B)Heather, who is seven years old
C)Victoria, who is four years old
D)Sarah, who is two years old

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is closest to half of her...

Question 8

The average age of menarche,a girl's first menstruation,in Canada is approximately ________.
A)10 years
B)12 ½ years
C)15 ½ years
D)18 years

Accepted Answer

The average age of menarche in Canada is around 12 ½ years.

Question 9

The period of middle and late childhood¾from about 6 to 11 years of age¾involves
A)slow and consistent growth for both boys and girls.
B)a huge growth spurt for girls.
C)a huge growth spurt for boys.
D)slow and consistent growth for boys only.

Accepted Answer

During middle and late childhood, growth typically slows down compared to earlier childhood years, and it is relatively consistent for both boys and girls. While there may be individual differences, there is not typically a huge growth spurt for either gender during this stage of development.

Question 10

Infants double their birth weight by 4 months of age,and nearly triple their birth weight by
A)6 months of age.
B)10 months of age.
C)12 months of age.
D)18 months of age.

Accepted Answer

Infants typically triple their birth weight by 12 months of age.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the cephalocaudal pattern of development?
A)head, neck, shoulders, middle trunk
B)middle trunk, shoulders, neck, head
C)trunk, arms and legs, hands, fingers and toes
D)fingers and toes, hands, arms and legs, trunk

Accepted Answer

The cephalocaudal pattern of development refers to the sequence of growth and development starting from the head and moving downwards towards the feet. Therefore, the correct sequence is head, neck, shoulders, and middle trunk.

Question 12

At birth,Kelley weighed 8 pounds.Her mother became concerned when she lost body weight,but her obstetrician assured her that most newborns do lose weight before they learn to adjust to neonatal feeding.About what percent of their body weight is lost before they make this adjustment?
A)2 to 3 percent
B)10 percent
C)5 to 7 percent
D)16 percent

Accepted Answer

According to medical literature, most newborns lose about 5 to 7 percent of their birth weight in the first few days after birth before they learn to adjust to neonatal feeding. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Option A (2 to 3 percent) is too low, while option B (10 percent) and option D (16 percent) are too high compared to the typical weight loss in newborns.

Question 13

As a toddler,Megan's head size is disproportionately large in comparison to the rest of her body.This illustrates what principle of growth?
A)proximodistal
B)cephalocaudal
C)hierarchical
D)independence of systems

Accepted Answer

The principle of cephalocaudal development states that development proceeds from the top (head) to the bottom (feet) of the body. As a toddler, Megan's head size is disproportionately large in comparison to the rest of her body, which is consistent with this principle.

Question 14

Since development occurs in a cephalocaudal sequence,what can Sarah,an infant,control first?
A)legs
B)arms
C)head
D)hands

Accepted Answer

Infants typically gain control of their head and neck muscles before their arm and leg muscles. Therefore, Sarah can control her head before her arms or legs.

Question 15

The sequence in which growth starts at the centre of the body and moves toward the extremities is referred to as the
A)proximodistal pattern.
B)cephalocaudal pattern.
C)hierarchical integration.
D)independence of systems.

Accepted Answer

The proximodistal pattern refers to the sequence of growth and development that starts at the centre of the body and moves towards the extremities. This means that growth and development of the torso and internal organs occur before the limbs and digits. The cephalocaudal pattern refers to growth and development that occurs in a head-to-tail direction, where the head and upper body develop before the lower body and legs. Hierarchical integration refers to the interdependence of different body systems, while independence of systems refers to each body system functioning separately.

Question 16

When Roberto observes his two children drawing,he notes a striking difference in their motor behaviour.Two-year-old Mona makes crude drawings utilizing mostly upper arm movement,whereas 6-year-old Mary makes very precise strokes utilizing fine finger movements.This difference is best explained by the ________ principle.
A)proximodistal
B)dominant-recessive
C)cephalocaudal
D)hierarchical

Accepted Answer

The proximodistal principle states that development proceeds from the center of the body outwards. In terms of motor development, this means that gross motor skills (like using the upper arm) develop before fine motor skills (like using the fingers). This explains the difference in motor behaviour between the two-year-old and six-year-old in the scenario.

Question 17

There are wide variations in the onset and progression of puberty.Which of the following is an appropriate example?
A)Puberty might begin as early as 10 years of age or as late as 13 ½ years of age for boys.It might end as early as 13 years of age or as late as 17 years of age.
B)Puberty might begin as early as 8 years of age or as late as 13 ½ years of age for boys.It might end as early as 12 years of age or as late as 17 years of age.
C)There is no prediction of when puberty will begin or end¾not even within a range of years or months.
D)There is an exact prediction of when puberty will begin.

Accepted Answer

Puberty onset and progression can vary widely for individuals. However, it typically begins between the ages of 10-13 for boys and can end between the ages of 13-17. Option A is the most appropriate example as it provides a range of ages for both the onset and end of puberty. Option B includes a younger age for the onset of puberty, which is not as typical for boys. Option C is not accurate as there is a general range for the onset and end of puberty. Option D is incorrect as there is no exact prediction for when puberty will begin for an individual.

Question 18

What is the average length of a North American newborn?
A)30.8 cm
B)40.8 cm
C)50.8 cm
D)60.8 cm

Accepted Answer

The average length of a North American newborn is around 50.8 cm or 20 inches. Options A and B are both too small, and option D is too large.

Question 19

A review of the height and weight of children around the world concluded that two important contributors to height differences are
A)environment and nutrition.
B)ethnic origin and nutrition.
C)environment and ethnic origin.
D)gender and ethnic origin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A review of the height and weight...

Question 20

___________________________ is the absence or deficiency of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the body to grow.
A)Growth hormone overactivity
B)Pituitary hormone supply
C)Growth hormone deficiency
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone deficiency is the absence or deficiency of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the body to grow.

Quiz 4: Physical Development and Health

Which of the following is the most pronounced physical change in middle and late childhood?

In the preschool years,both boys and girls

Infants grow to approximately one and a half times their birth length during their first year of life.How is this growth spread out over the year?

Like most infants,Jordan learns to throw before he learns to kick.Which principle best explains this developmental pattern?

______________ is a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that takes place in early adolescence for both boys and girls.

What is the average weight of a North American newborn?

Who is closest to half of her adult height?

The average age of menarche,a girl's first menstruation,in Canada is approximately ________.

The period of middle and late childhood¾from about 6 to 11 years of age¾involves

Infants double their birth weight by 4 months of age,and nearly triple their birth weight by

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the cephalocaudal pattern of development?

At birth,Kelley weighed 8 pounds.Her mother became concerned when she lost body weight,but her obstetrician assured her that most newborns do lose weight before they learn to adjust to neonatal feeding.About what percent of their body weight is lost before they make this adjustment?

As a toddler,Megan's head size is disproportionately large in comparison to the rest of her body.This illustrates what principle of growth?

Since development occurs in a cephalocaudal sequence,what can Sarah,an infant,control first?

The sequence in which growth starts at the centre of the body and moves toward the extremities is referred to as the

There are wide variations in the onset and progression of puberty.Which of the following is an appropriate example?

What is the average length of a North American newborn?

A review of the height and weight of children around the world concluded that two important contributors to height differences are

___________________________ is the absence or deficiency of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the body to grow.