Question 1

As an international businessperson,Deirdre,who already speaks Japanese,needs to be aware that in Japan numerous rules concern the process of thanking someone.Deirdre should take a class in the _____ of Japanese prior to her trip to Tokyo.
A)pragmatics
B)syntax
C)morphology
D)phonetics

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics deals with the social and cultural aspects of language use, including rules for expressing gratitude and showing respect in different cultures. Therefore, taking a class in the pragmatics of Japanese would be most helpful for Deirdre to navigate the intricacies of thanking someone in Japan. Syntax deals with sentence structure, morphology with word formation, and phonetics with the sounds of language, which are not directly relevant to this specific cultural issue.

Question 2

As with most 20-month-olds,David's language is dominated by:
A)echoing.
B)aphasia.
C)holophrases.
D)two-word utterances.

Accepted Answer

At 20 months, children typically use two-word utterances, such as "more juice" or "bye-bye daddy," as they are still developing their language skills and vocabulary. Holophrases, or single words used to convey a whole message, are more common in younger children, while aphasia is a language disorder that affects the ability to use language. Echoing may occur as a part of language development, but it is not the dominant feature.

Question 3

Which is not an aspect of pragmatics?
A)Taking turns in conversation
B)Using polite language
C)Pronouncing your words correctly
D)Telling convincing lies

Accepted Answer

Pronouncing your words correctly relates more to phonology, the study of sounds in language, than to pragmatics, which concerns the use of language in context. Taking turns in conversation, using polite language, and telling convincing lies are all examples of pragmatic aspects of language.

Question 4

Kiley most likely began waving bye-bye at what age?
A)6 to 8 months
B)8 to 12 months
C)12 to 14 months
D)15 to 18 months

Accepted Answer

Babies typically begin waving bye-bye at around 8 to 12 months old, which is when they develop the cognitive and motor abilities necessary to do so.

Question 5

Infants are likely to utter their first intelligible word at about _____ months of age.
A)5 to 7
B)7 to 10
C)10 to 15
D)16 to 18

Accepted Answer

Infants typically begin to say their first intelligible words between 10 to 15 months of age.

Question 6

Which is an example of telegraphic speech?
A)Pointing toward a toy
B)Saying "toy"
C)Saying "Mommy give toy"
D)Saying "Mommy please give me a toy"

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech is characterized by short, simple sentences that contain only essential content words, like "Mommy give toy", omitting less critical words.

Question 7

Two-year-old Maya has a vocabulary that includes the word car.How would she demonstrate the concept of underextension?
A)Use the term when she encounters any moving vehicle
B)Begin to use other words in its place, such as van
C)Use the word only when referring to her parent's station wagon and not to other cars
D)Begin to string the word together with other words

Accepted Answer

Underextension refers to the tendency of a child to apply a word too narrowly, excluding other objects or situations that are related. In this case, since Maya only uses the word car to refer to her parent's station wagon and not other cars, she is demonstrating underextension. Choice A does not fit the definition of underextension since Maya would be using the term too broadly. Choice B does not fit either since it suggests Maya is expanding her vocabulary, rather than narrowing it. Choice D refers to the development of language skills but not specifically underextension.

Question 8

What is the proper sequence for language acquisition?
A)Cry, babble, coo, first word
B)Babble, coo, cry, first word
C)Cry, coo, babble, first word
D)Coo, cry, first word, babble

Accepted Answer

The proper sequence for language acquisition is typically cry, coo, babble, and then first words. This sequence is observed in studies of infant language development, as infants first cry to communicate their needs and then begin making cooing sounds, which eventually turn into more advanced babbling and, ultimately, their first words.

Question 9

At a party,Dr.Henson encounters two of his least favourite individuals: Burt,who is always interrupting others,and Mick,who tells unfunny jokes.Dr.Henson could best help these two by teaching them about:
A)syntax.
B)pragmatics.
C)semantics.
D)morphology.

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics refers to the study of language in context and how it is used in social situations. In this scenario, Dr. Henson could teach Burt and Mick about the appropriate ways to communicate and interact with others at a social gathering. He could teach them how to take turns in conversation, listen actively, and tell appropriate jokes.

Question 10

When children learn to use their "quiet voices" in the library,they are learning rules of:
A)syntax.
B)semantics.
C)pragmatics.
D)phonology.

Accepted Answer

Learning to use "quiet voices" in the library is an example of pragmatic rules, which refers to the social and contextual use of language. It involves understanding how to use language appropriately in different settings and situations. It is not related to syntax, which deals with the structure of sentences; semantics, which deals with the meaning of words and sentences; or phonology, which deals with the sound system of a language.

Question 11

The use of appropriate conversation and knowledge underlying the use of language in context is called:
A)syntax.
B)semantics.
C)pragmatics.
D)phonology.

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the rules governing the structure of sentences, semantics refers to the meaning of words and sentences, and phonology refers to the sound system of a language. Pragmatics, on the other hand, focuses on the appropriate use of language in social contexts and takes into account factors such as tone, context, and the speaker's goals and intentions.

Question 12

When children fail to use a noun to name a relevant event or object they are:
A)expanding.
B)recasting.
C)overextending.
D)underextending.

Accepted Answer

Underextension is the tendency of children to use words more restrictively than adults do. Therefore, if children fail to use a noun to name a relevant event or object, it means that they are underextending the use of that noun.

Question 13

The infant's spoken vocabulary rapidly increases once the first word is spoken._____ is a label that has been given to the rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary that begins to occur at approximately _____ months of age.
A)Vocabulary spurt; 18
B)Improvement; 12
C)Language; 15
D)Growth spurt; 12

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is A. It is known as the "vocabulary spurt" and typically occurs around 18 months of age. This is when infants start to learn words at a much faster rate, going from saying their first word to knowing dozens of words in just a few months. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and do not accurately describe this stage of language development.

Question 14

Two-year-old Gannon says to his mother,"I go park" to convey,"I want to go to the park." This language is called _____ speech.
A)telegraphic
B)holophrastic
C)egocentric
D)infant-directed

Accepted Answer

Gannon's speech is described as telegraphic because it consists of short, simple phrases that convey the essential meaning of his message. Telegraphic speech is commonly observed in young children who are just beginning to speak, and is characterized by the omission of non-essential words and grammatical markers. In this case, Gannon has omitted the word "to" in his sentence, but his mother is still able to understand his request based on the essential words that he has included.

Question 15

Infants start using gestures,such as showing and pointing,at about _____ months of age.They may wave bye-bye or nod to mean "yes."
A)2 to 4
B)4 to 6
C)6 to 8
D)8 to 12

Accepted Answer

Infants typically start using gestures, such as showing and pointing, between 8 to 12 months of age. This is a key developmental milestone that precedes verbal communication.

Question 16

Gina calls her doll "Dolly" but is unable to generalize this word to other dolls.This illustrates:
A)overextension.
B)underextension.
C)overgeneralization.
D)undergeneralization.

Accepted Answer

Underextension refers to a child's limited use of a word to a specific object only, in this case, Gina's use of the word "Dolly" only for one specific doll. The other options do not accurately describe Gina's situation. Overextension would be if Gina used the word "Dolly" to refer to all dolls or even other objects unrelated to dolls. Overgeneralization is when a child applies a word too broadly, such as using the word "dog" to describe all four-legged animals. Undergeneralization, on the other hand, is when a child uses a general word for a specific object only, such as using the word "animal" only for dogs and cats.

Question 17

Two-year-old Katya has a vocabulary that includes the word kitty.When she goes to a zoo for the first time,she refers to all four-legged animals with tails as "kitty." Kim's behaviour provides an example of:
A)overextension.
B)underextension.
C)telegraphic speech.
D)the holophrase hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of overextension, where a child uses a word in a broader context than its actual meaning. In this case, Katya is extending the meaning of "kitty" to include all four-legged animals with tails, rather than just domestic cats.

Question 18

Which word is least likely to be the first word uttered by an English-speaking infant?
A)Bye
B)Dog
C)Cry
D)Doll

Accepted Answer

"Cry" is a verb and less likely to be a first word compared to the nouns "Bye," "Dog," and "Doll," which are more commonly used by infants.

Question 19

Grace has learned that when her parents are entertaining guests in their home,she is to use formal etiquette with the adults.What set of language rules apply to Grace's learning?
A)Syntax
B)Semantics
C)Pragmatics
D)Morphology

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics refers to the study of language use in social situations, including appropriate use of language based on context and social norms. Grace's learning of formal etiquette with adults falls under this domain. Syntax refers to the structure of sentences and phrases, morphology refers to the study of word forms and their formation, and semantics refers to the meaning of words and sentences. None of these closely align with Grace's learning of formal etiquette in social situations.

Question 20

The use of short,precise words to communicate in a minimum of two-word utterances is called:
A)overextension.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)a holophrase.
D)expanding.

Accepted Answer

The use of short, precise words in a minimum of two-word utterances is referred to as telegraphic speech. This is a common language development milestone in toddlers and young children where they use only the essential words to communicate their message. Options A, C and D are not relevant to this question as they refer to different aspects of language development.

Quiz 9: Language Development

As an international businessperson,Deirdre,who already speaks Japanese,needs to be aware that in Japan numerous rules concern the process of thanking someone.Deirdre should take a class in the _____ of Japanese prior to her trip to Tokyo.

As with most 20-month-olds,David's language is dominated by:

Which is not an aspect of pragmatics?

Kiley most likely began waving bye-bye at what age?

Infants are likely to utter their first intelligible word at about _____ months of age.

Which is an example of telegraphic speech?

Two-year-old Maya has a vocabulary that includes the word car.How would she demonstrate the concept of underextension?

What is the proper sequence for language acquisition?

At a party,Dr.Henson encounters two of his least favourite individuals: Burt,who is always interrupting others,and Mick,who tells unfunny jokes.Dr.Henson could best help these two by teaching them about:

When children learn to use their "quiet voices" in the library,they are learning rules of:

The use of appropriate conversation and knowledge underlying the use of language in context is called:

When children fail to use a noun to name a relevant event or object they are:

The infant's spoken vocabulary rapidly increases once the first word is spoken._ is a label that has been given to the rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary that begins to occur at approximately _ months of age.

Two-year-old Gannon says to his mother,"I go park" to convey,"I want to go to the park." This language is called _____ speech.

Infants start using gestures,such as showing and pointing,at about _____ months of age.They may wave bye-bye or nod to mean "yes."

Gina calls her doll "Dolly" but is unable to generalize this word to other dolls.This illustrates:

Two-year-old Katya has a vocabulary that includes the word kitty.When she goes to a zoo for the first time,she refers to all four-legged animals with tails as "kitty." Kim's behaviour provides an example of:

Which word is least likely to be the first word uttered by an English-speaking infant?

Grace has learned that when her parents are entertaining guests in their home,she is to use formal etiquette with the adults.What set of language rules apply to Grace's learning?

The use of short,precise words to communicate in a minimum of two-word utterances is called: