Question 1

The first step in developing codes for the anticipated responses to open-ended questions is:

Accepted Answer

The first step in developing codes for open-ended questions is to generate a list of potential responses. This involves reviewing the responses and identifying themes or categories that emerge. Once these themes or categories have been identified, codes can be developed to represent each one. This process allows for more efficient data analysis and can help to identify patterns and trends in the data.

Question 2

In the four-step process of developing codes for responses, in which stage does one address the issue of missing data?

Accepted Answer

E

Question 3

Assume that for a data field, only the codes 1 or 2 should appear. If a researcher mistakenly inputs any other number (say, 3), an error message is immediately displayed on the screen. This indicates that the software being used for data entry probably has a(n):

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is NOT true about data editing?

Accepted Answer

Editing is typically done after data validation, not before. Validation ensures that the data meets certain criteria, and editing corrects any errors found during this process.

Question 5

If a researcher recontacts a respondent to collect information on a question that was accidentally skipped by the interviewer, the researcher is checking which area of concern while editing data?

Accepted Answer

Editing data involves checking for errors or omissions in the data collected. Checking for accuracy of recorded answers is one of the key areas of concern in data editing. If a question was accidentally skipped during data collection, recontacting the respondent to collect the missing information is one way to ensure accuracy of recorded answers.

Question 6

An example of fraud in the data validation process is when:

Accepted Answer

Falsifying the interview by obtaining a name and address from the respondent and then submitting fraudulent data is an example of fraud in the data validation process. This is a deliberate attempt to deceive the data validation process and can potentially compromise the validity of the entire dataset.

Question 7

A researcher decides to assign a value of 1 if the respondent is male and a value of 2 if the respondent is a female. By assigning numbers to different genders, the researcher is engaged in the process of:

Accepted Answer

The process of assigning numerical values to different categories or responses is known as coding. Editing refers to the process of reviewing and checking the collected data for errors, completeness, and consistency. Validation involves ensuring that the data collected is accurate and reliable. Data summarization involves condensing the collected data into a smaller and manageable form for analysis. Data tabulation involves creating tables that show the distribution of data based on different categories or variables.

Question 8

While preparing data, Sheila identifies a number of tasks that have to be performed. She should begin with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Data validation is the first step in data preparation, as it ensures that the data is accurate and complete.

Question 9

The process of converting information from a form / questionnaire is referred to as data preparation. This process follows a four-step approach. Which one of the following is the last step in this process?

Accepted Answer

Data tabulation is the final step in the data preparation process. It involves organizing the data into tables, summarizing the data using various statistical measures, and creating charts or graphs to present the data visually. This step allows researchers to analyze and interpret the data accurately.

Question 10

In all of the following situations, one should prefer cross tabulation over one-way tabulation, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Cross tabulation is preferred when analyzing the relationship between two variables. Since option C only involves a single variable, one-way tabulation is sufficient. For the other options, cross tabulation is necessary to compare the frequency of different categories across two variables.

Question 11

One-way tabulation can do all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

One-way tabulation involves summarizing data for a single variable, so it cannot tabulate responses to one question against another, which requires cross-tabulation.

Question 12

A researcher contacts a respondent who meets all the requirements for inclusion in the sample. The researcher starts the interview process and after completing the first five questions, skips directly to the second last question. He later on makes up the answers to the questions that he had never asked of the respondent. This inappropriate behavior falls under which of the following data validation areas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher contacts a respondent who meets...

Question 13

An example of curbstoning is:

Accepted Answer

Curbstoning occurs when an interviewer fills out the questionnaire without actually interviewing the respondent. In this case, the interviewer is misrepresenting the data and the responses are not coming directly from the respondent. Option A refers to respondent error, Option C refers to phone surveying, Option D refers to proper surveying, and Option E refers to a different issue of respondent inaccessibility.

Question 14

An example of procedure in the data validation process is when:

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of procedure in the data...

Question 15

If a researcher recontacts a respondent to make certain that a qualified consumer provided the actual data, and that the questions were answered in a correct sequence, the researcher is checking which area of concern while editing data?

Accepted Answer

The researcher is verifying that the respondent was qualified to participate, which relates to ensuring the correct screening questions were used and answered properly.

Question 16

To assign numerical value to each questionnaire, a researcher decides to use a four-digit code. There are probably how many questionnaires in the data set?

Accepted Answer

The answer of To assign numerical value to each questionnaire,...

Question 17

All of the following statements are true about coding, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following statements are true...

Question 18

If a researcher asks if a tone of negativity was injected into the interviewing process, the researcher is dealing with a question of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a researcher asks if a tone...

Question 19

If a researcher makes a subjective judgment about classifying a response into a predefined category, the researcher is working on which aspect of the data editing process?

Accepted Answer

Subjective judgment in classifying responses into predefined categories is typically associated with handling responses to open-ended items, where interpretation is needed to categorize the data.

Question 20

The best way to handle missing data is:

Accepted Answer

The best way to handle missing data depends on various factors such as the amount of missing data, the reason for missing data, the relationship between missing data and other variables in the dataset, etc. Therefore, it is best to check how your specific data analysis software handles missing data and then determine the best course of action based on the analysis you want to perform. It is important to note that assigning coded values or substituting missing data with the median or mean can introduce bias in the analysis, and leaving the data space blank may affect the analysis depending on how the software handles missing data.

Quiz 10: Preparing Data for Quantitative Analysis