Question 1

The accommodation of the very long DNA fiber into a limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling around beads of histones into repeating subunits.These subunits of chromosomes are given the name __________.
A)DNA
B)nucleosomes
C)RNA
D)coiling proteins

Accepted Answer

The coiling of the DNA around the histone proteins forms repeating units called nucleosomes. Therefore, the best answer is B) nucleosomes.

Question 2

__________ is the stage of mitosis characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes in a ring along the inner circumference of the cell.
A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Prophase
D)Metaphase

Accepted Answer

Metaphase is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes align along the inner circumference of the cell in a ring shape, ready to be separated into the daughter cells by the mitotic spindle fibers. Interphase is the stage where the cell is preparing for mitosis and DNA replication occurs. Prophase is the stage where the nuclear membrane breaks down and the spindle fibers start to form. Telophase is the stage where the nuclear membrane reforms and the cell is preparing to separate into two daughter cells.

Question 3

Most eukaryotic cells go through a repeating process of growth and division referred to as the cell ______.
A)division
B)cluster
C)organization
D)cycle

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the repeating process of growth and division in eukaryotic cells is the cell cycle. Therefore, the best choice is D - cycle. Choices A, B, and C are not accurate descriptions of the cell cycle.

Question 4

_________ is the portion of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes are invisible under the light microscope because they are not yet condensed.
A)Interphase
B)Prophase
C)Anaphase
D)Telophase

Accepted Answer

During interphase, the cell is preparing to divide by replicating its DNA, but the chromosomes are not yet condensed enough to be visible under a light microscope. Prophase, anaphase, and telophase are all parts of mitosis or meiosis, during which the condensed chromosomes can be seen.

Question 5

Normally,_____ functions in the cell to stop cell division if the cell has experienced extensive DNA damage.
A)heat
B)p53
C)FtsZ
D)DNA

Accepted Answer

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that plays an important role in regulating cell division and apoptosis (programmed cell death). It can sense DNA damage and halt the cell cycle to allow for DNA repair or trigger apoptosis if the damage is extensive and irreparable. Heat, FtsZ, and DNA do not play roles in regulating cell division in response to DNA damage.

Question 6

Bacteria divide by binary _______,in which the cell divides into two nearly equal halves.
A)fission
B)mitosis
C)duplication
D)code

Accepted Answer

Bacteria divide by binary fission, which is a type of asexual reproduction. In this process, a single cell divides into two nearly equal halves, each of which develops into a separate cell with its own chromosome.

Question 7

If a eukaryotic cell has a single set of chromosomes,it is called
A)haploid.
B)diploid.
C)polypoid.

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell with a single set of chromosomes is referred to as haploid. This means it has half the number of chromosomes compared to a diploid cell, which has two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). Polyploid cells have more than two sets of chromosomes, which is not applicable in this case as the question specifies a single set.

Question 8

The stage of mitosis characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids is called __________.
A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)interphase
D)telophase

Accepted Answer

Anaphase is the stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are physically separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell. Metaphase is the stage where the chromosomes align at the cell equator but are not yet separated. Interphase is not a stage of mitosis but is the period between mitotic divisions. Telophase is the stage where the nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes at each pole of the cell.

Question 9

The bacterial genome exist as a
A)single,circular,protein-coated,double stranded DNA molecule.
B)single,circular,uncoated,double stranded DNA molecule.
C)single,circular,uncoated,double stranded RNA molecule.
D)single,linear,uncoated,double stranded DNA molecule.
E)many,circular,uncoated,double stranded DNA molecules.

Accepted Answer

The bacterial genome typically exists as a single, circular, uncoated, double-stranded DNA molecule.

Question 10

The last stage of mitosis is characterized by the disassembly of spindle apparatus,the reestablishment of the nuclear membrane,and the decondensation of the chromosomes into invisible threads.This stage is known as _________.
A)interphase
B)telophase
C)anaphase
D)metaphase

Accepted Answer

Telophase is the last stage of mitosis that is characterized by the disassembly of spindle apparatus, the reestablishment of the nuclear membrane, and the decondensation of the chromosomes into invisible threads. Interphase, anaphase, and metaphase are the stages that occur before telophase in the mitotic process.

Question 11

The physical distribution of cytoplasmic material into the two daughter cells is called
A)DNA replication.
B)mitosis.
C)cytokinesis.
D)binary fission.

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis is the process of physically dividing the cytoplasmic material into two daughter cells during cell division. Choices A and B are incorrect because DNA replication and mitosis refer to earlier stages of cell division, while binary fission typically refers to a specific type of cell division in prokaryotes.

Question 12

Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a complex of 60% protein and 40% DNA.The name of this chemical complex is a
A)histone complex.
B)chromatin.
C)histamine complex.
D)chromatiD.
E)centromerE.

Accepted Answer

The complex of proteins and DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes is called chromatin. Histones are a type of protein found in chromatin, but the term "histone complex" is not commonly used. Histamine and chromatiD are not relevant to the composition of eukaryotic chromosomes. Centromere is a specific region of DNA within a chromosome, not the entire complex.

Question 13

The number of chromosomes characteristic of eukaryotes,in general,
A)can usually be determined without the use of a microscope.
B)can usually be predicted from the size of the organism.
C)change as the organisms grow and age.
D)vary considerably from 2 to over 1000 in different species.
E)vary depending on the type of the cell in the same organism.

Accepted Answer

The number of chromosomes varies considerably from 2 to over 1000 in different species. This is because different organisms have evolved different mechanisms for organizing and transmitting genetic information, and the number and size of chromosomes are part of this variation.

Question 14

Binary fission in prokaryotes concludes with the accumulation of _______ protein at the midpoint of the cell which facilitates septum formation.
A)folded
B)p53
C)FtsZ
D)phosphorylated

Accepted Answer

Binary fission in prokaryotes involves the accumulation of FtsZ protein at the midpoint of the cell, which forms a contractile ring and facilitates the formation of the septum. FtsZ is a cytoskeletal protein that is essential for bacterial cell division.

Question 15

The division of a bacterial cell occurs as the
A)cell wall develops cracks around the equator of the cell.
B)chromosomes are pulled toward the ends of the cell.
C)cytoplasm forms a cell plate around the middle of the cell.
D)microfilaments and microtubules constrict the cytoplasm.
E)plasma membrane pinches inward constricting the cell.

Accepted Answer

The process of bacterial cell division is known as binary fission. During this process, the cell elongates and duplicates its DNA. The plasma membrane then invaginates or pinches inward, dividing the cell into two daughter cells. This is the most efficient and rapid way for bacteria to reproduce. Option E correctly describes this process.

Question 16

Which of the following cell functions are maintained by cell division?
A)growth and reproduction
B)death
C)metabolism
D)movement
E)organization

Accepted Answer

Cell division plays a crucial role in growth and reproduction of cells, as it allows for the production of new cells that can contribute to tissue and organ development. Cell death, metabolism, movement, and organization are not necessarily maintained by cell division.

Question 17

The progress of mitosis is regulated by ______ and their dependent kinases.
A)hormones
B)chromosomes
C)cyclins
D)paracrine signaling

Accepted Answer

The progress of mitosis is regulated by cyclins and their dependent kinases. Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by binding to and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which then initiate specific events during mitosis. Hormones and paracrine signaling do not directly regulate the cell cycle, and while chromosomes play a role in mitosis, they do not regulate the progression of the cell cycle.

Question 18

Each chromosome has a ____________,a point of constriction containing certain repeated DNA sequences that bind specific proteins.
A)DNA strand
B)centromere
C)node
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

The centromere is a specific region of each chromosome that serves as the site of attachment for spindle fibers during cell division. It also contains repeated DNA sequences that bind proteins important for the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

Question 19

The physical map of the array of chromosomes is called a(n)
A)ecotype.
B)haplotype.
C)karyotype.
D)phenotype.
E)genotypE.

Accepted Answer

The physical map of the array of chromosomes is called a karyotype.

Question 20

Prophase is the first stage of mitosis characterized by the _________ of the chromosomes.
A)duplication
B)splitting
C)condensation
D)merging

Accepted Answer

During prophase, the chromosomes condense, which means they become shorter and thicker, making them visible under a microscope. This condensation allows for easier separation and movement of the chromosomes during mitosis.

Quiz 10: How Cells Divide

The accommodation of the very long DNA fiber into a limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling around beads of histones into repeating subunits.These subunits of chromosomes are given the name __________.

__________ is the stage of mitosis characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes in a ring along the inner circumference of the cell.

Most eukaryotic cells go through a repeating process of growth and division referred to as the cell ______.

_________ is the portion of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes are invisible under the light microscope because they are not yet condensed.

Normally,_____ functions in the cell to stop cell division if the cell has experienced extensive DNA damage.

Bacteria divide by binary _______,in which the cell divides into two nearly equal halves.

If a eukaryotic cell has a single set of chromosomes,it is called

The stage of mitosis characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids is called __________.

The bacterial genome exist as a

The last stage of mitosis is characterized by the disassembly of spindle apparatus,the reestablishment of the nuclear membrane,and the decondensation of the chromosomes into invisible threads.This stage is known as _________.

The physical distribution of cytoplasmic material into the two daughter cells is called

Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a complex of 60% protein and 40% DNA.The name of this chemical complex is a

The number of chromosomes characteristic of eukaryotes,in general,

Binary fission in prokaryotes concludes with the accumulation of _______ protein at the midpoint of the cell which facilitates septum formation.

The division of a bacterial cell occurs as the

Which of the following cell functions are maintained by cell division?

The progress of mitosis is regulated by ______ and their dependent kinases.

Each chromosome has a ____________,a point of constriction containing certain repeated DNA sequences that bind specific proteins.

The physical map of the array of chromosomes is called a(n)

Prophase is the first stage of mitosis characterized by the _________ of the chromosomes.