Question 1

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for physiological symptoms such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach?
A)somatic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)sympathetic nervous system
D)central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for physiological responses related to the fight or flight response, such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach.

Question 2

Which of the following statement is true of motor neurons?
A)They produce mirror neurons.
B)They provide structural support to glial cells.
C)They do not respond to sensory information.
D)They are not activated when a human performs an action.

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons are responsible for sending signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands to produce movement. They do not respond to sensory information, which is processed by sensory neurons. Option A is incorrect as mirror neurons are a specific type of neuron that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing the same action. Option B is also incorrect as glial cells are the structural support cells of the nervous system, not motor neurons. Option D is incorrect as motor neurons are specifically activated when a human performs an action.

Question 3

After taking her English final,Natalie attempts to relax in her chair by meditating.She is attempting to reduce her heart and respiration rates,as well as her muscular tension.In this scenario,her physiological relaxation can be best attributed to the functioning of her _____ nervous system.
A)somatic
B)central
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting rest and relaxation in the body. It works to slow down heart and respiration rates, as well as reduce muscular tension. Therefore, Natalie's physiological relaxation can be attributed to the functioning of her parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 4

While preparing dinner,Maya accidentally touches a hot dish.Which of the following divisions of the nervous system will be responsible for conveying information to the brain that she has touched something hot?
A)the sympathetic nervous system
B)the autonomic nervous system
C)the somatic nervous system
D)the parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is responsible for conveying sensory information from the body to the central nervous system, which includes the brain. This includes the sensation of heat from a hot object like a dish. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are responsible for regulating bodily functions such as breathing and digestion, while the autonomic nervous system encompasses both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Question 5

If a person needs to run away from a dangerous situation,the _____ nervous system sends blood to the person's extremities to prepare him or her for taking off.
A)central
B)somatic
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which causes an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and sends blood to the extremities to prepare for physical activity like running away from danger.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about the autonomic nervous system?
A)It is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
B)It monitors processes such as breathing and digestion.
C)It conveys information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system.
D)It consists of sensory nerves.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary bodily functions such as breathing and digestion.

Note: A is incorrect because the autonomic nervous system is not made up of the brain and spinal cord alone - it also includes nerves throughout the body. C is incorrect because the autonomic nervous system conveys information from the central nervous system to the skin and muscles, not the other way around. D is incorrect because while the autonomic nervous system does involve sensory input, it also involves motor output.

Question 7

Catherine is confronted by a man with a gun as she walks home from work one night.In this scenario,Catherine's _____ will prepare her body to run from the situation by increasing blood flow to her extremities.
A)parasympathetic nervous system
B)central nervous system
C)sympathetic nervous system
D)somatic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for the "fight or flight" response in stressful or dangerous situations. In this scenario, Catherine is confronted by a man with a gun, which is a highly stressful and dangerous situation. The sympathetic nervous system would prepare her body to either fight the man or run away by increasing blood flow to her extremities, raising her heart rate, and increasing her breathing rate. Choice A, parasympathetic nervous system, is responsible for calming the body after the stressful situation has passed. Choice B, central nervous system, includes the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing and sending signals throughout the body. Choice D, somatic nervous system, is responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements.

Question 8

Nancy is in her building elevator going down to the lobby when the elevator stops suddenly between floors,and the doors don't open.Nancy's heart starts pounding,and her palms start sweating.In this scenario,Nancy's physiological responses can be best attributed to her _____ nervous system.
A)central
B)somatic
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Accepted Answer

Nancy's physiological responses of pounding heart and sweating palms are indicative of a fight or flight response, which is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. This system activates the body's stress response, which causes such physiological changes in the body.

Question 9

_____ are activated in human and nonhuman primates both when they perform an action and when they watch someone else perform that same action.
A)Mirror neurons
B)Glial cells
C)Motor neurons
D)Afferent nerves

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are activated in both humans and nonhuman primates when they perform a certain action or when they observe someone else performing that same action. These neurons allow individuals to understand and interpret the actions and intentions of others, and are involved in processes such as empathy, mimicry, and learning by imitation. Glial cells, motor neurons, and afferent nerves are all different types of cells involved in neural processes, but they do not specifically exhibit the type of activity described in the statement.

Question 10

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system,the somatic nervous system consists of sensory nerves,whose function is to
A)mobilize the body for action in a dangerous situation.
B)calm the body to inhibit a particular action.
C)take messages to the body's internal organs from the brain.
D)convey information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system consists of sensory nerves that convey information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system. It is responsible for voluntary movements and actions.

Question 11

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for carrying messages to and from the body's internal organs and monitoring processes such as breathing,heart rate,and digestion?
A)somatic nervous system
B)autonomic nervous system
C)limbic system
D)circulatory system

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for carrying messages to and from the body's internal organs and monitoring processes such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, while the limbic system is involved in regulating emotions and memory. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

Question 12

Nine-year-old Anna learns ballet by watching her mother and imitating her mother's movements.In the context of neurons,which of the following types of cells is most directly responsible for Anna's method of learning?
A)mirror neurons
B)glial cells
C)Schwann cells
D)astrocytes

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are specialized cells in the brain that fire both when an individual performs a specific action and when he/she observes someone else performing the same action. This allows for imitation and learning of motor skills, such as ballet movements, through observation and mimicry. Glial cells, Schwann cells, and astrocytes play different roles in neural function, but are not directly responsible for this type of learning.

Question 13

Lionel is preparing for his first job interview.The night before the interview,he is restless and anxious;his palms are sweating and his heart is beating faster than usual.In this scenario,Lionel's physiological responses can be best attributed to his _____ nervous system.
A)central
B)somatic
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Accepted Answer

The physiological responses described, such as sweating and an elevated heart rate, are characteristic of the fight-or-flight response associated with the sympathetic nervous system. This system activates in response to stress and prepares the body to respond quickly to potential threats or challenges. Therefore, the best choice is D, sympathetic.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of mirror neurons?
A)They produce glial cells and afferent neurons.
B)They are responsible for the myelination of dendrites.
C)They appear to respond to both motor and sensory information.
D)They receive information through their axons and transmit information through their dendrites.

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are unique in that they respond to both motor and sensory information. They are so named because they were first discovered in the motor cortex of macaque monkeys, firing both when the monkey performed an action (such as grasping an object) and when the monkey observed the same action being performed by another individual. This suggests that mirror neurons may play a role in social cognition and empathy. Options A, B, and D are not accurate descriptions of mirror neurons.

Question 15

In an emergency,the sympathetic nervous system helps the body by
A)unmyelinating neurons to facilitate faster information transmission.
B)stimulating the production of glial cells to help transmit chemical messages.
C)reducing the rate of information exchange between the autonomic nervous system and the motor nerves.
D)triggering the release of stress hormones.

Accepted Answer

In an emergency, the sympathetic nervous system triggers the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which help to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, preparing the body for a fight or flight response.

Question 16

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system,such processes as heart rate,breathing,and digestion are monitored by the
A)somatic nervous system.
B)circulatory system.
C)lymphatic system.
D)autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary processes in the body such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the circulatory system and lymphatic system are not directly involved in monitoring these processes.

Question 17

Elizabeth feels her heart racing while she waits for her turn at a job interview.These physiological symptoms are most likely produced by her _____ nervous system.
A)central
B)somatic
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and prepares the body to respond to perceived threats. In this situation, Elizabeth's nervous system is likely responding to the stress of the job interview, activating her sympathetic nervous system and producing these physiological symptoms.

Question 18

Julie hears the news about a bus accident on television.She believes her son was on the same bus and is overcome by anxiety which is primarily caused by her _____ nervous system.When her son phones and informs her that he was not on the bus,Julie is relieved and begins to relax.This response is primarily caused by her _____ nervous system.
A)somatic;autonomic
B)central;somatic
C)sympathetic;parasympathetic
D)parasympathetic;central

Accepted Answer

Julie's initial anxiety response to the news is primarily caused by her sympathetic nervous system, which activates the fight or flight response. When she receives the news that her son was not on the bus, her parasympathetic nervous system is activated, which relaxes the body and counters the fight or flight response.

Question 19

Which part of the nervous system will be most active when Martin,a backpacker,acts quickly in response to a wild animal approaching him?
A)sympathetic nervous system
B)central nervous system
C)somatic nervous system
D)parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which is activated in response to a perceived threat or danger. In this scenario, Martin's quick response to the wild animal approaching him would trigger his sympathetic nervous system, causing his heart rate to increase, breathing to become faster, and muscles to tense in preparation for a fight or escape.

Question 20

Harry is driving on the interstate highway for the first time since he obtained his license.He is nervous and wants to get off the interstate but cannot do so;his heart and pulse are racing.In this scenario,Harry's physiological responses can be best attributed to his _____ nervous system.
A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)central

Accepted Answer

Harry's physiological responses, such as increased heart rate and racing pulse, are indicative of the fight-or-flight response, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. This response is triggered in situations of perceived danger or stress, such as Harry's nervousness while driving on the interstate highway. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for the body's rest and digest response and would not be activated in this scenario. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary motor responses and the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, neither of which play a direct role in Harry's physiological responses in this scenario.

Quiz 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for physiological symptoms such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach?

Which of the following statement is true of motor neurons?

After taking her English final,Natalie attempts to relax in her chair by meditating.She is attempting to reduce her heart and respiration rates,as well as her muscular tension.In this scenario,her physiological relaxation can be best attributed to the functioning of her _____ nervous system.

While preparing dinner,Maya accidentally touches a hot dish.Which of the following divisions of the nervous system will be responsible for conveying information to the brain that she has touched something hot?

If a person needs to run away from a dangerous situation,the _____ nervous system sends blood to the person's extremities to prepare him or her for taking off.

Which of the following is true about the autonomic nervous system?

Catherine is confronted by a man with a gun as she walks home from work one night.In this scenario,Catherine's _____ will prepare her body to run from the situation by increasing blood flow to her extremities.

Nancy is in her building elevator going down to the lobby when the elevator stops suddenly between floors,and the doors don't open.Nancy's heart starts pounding,and her palms start sweating.In this scenario,Nancy's physiological responses can be best attributed to her _____ nervous system.

_____ are activated in human and nonhuman primates both when they perform an action and when they watch someone else perform that same action.

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system,the somatic nervous system consists of sensory nerves,whose function is to

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for carrying messages to and from the body's internal organs and monitoring processes such as breathing,heart rate,and digestion?

Nine-year-old Anna learns ballet by watching her mother and imitating her mother's movements.In the context of neurons,which of the following types of cells is most directly responsible for Anna's method of learning?

Lionel is preparing for his first job interview.The night before the interview,he is restless and anxious;his palms are sweating and his heart is beating faster than usual.In this scenario,Lionel's physiological responses can be best attributed to his _____ nervous system.

Which of the following is a characteristic of mirror neurons?

In an emergency,the sympathetic nervous system helps the body by

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system,such processes as heart rate,breathing,and digestion are monitored by the

Elizabeth feels her heart racing while she waits for her turn at a job interview.These physiological symptoms are most likely produced by her _____ nervous system.

Which part of the nervous system will be most active when Martin,a backpacker,acts quickly in response to a wild animal approaching him?

Harry is driving on the interstate highway for the first time since he obtained his license.He is nervous and wants to get off the interstate but cannot do so;his heart and pulse are racing.In this scenario,Harry's physiological responses can be best attributed to his _____ nervous system.