Question 1

Nina is an 18-year-old girl.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Nina between the age of 15 and 20?
A)She understands adult literary works.
B)She understands the function of a word in a sentence.
C)The mean length of utterances increases to three to four morphemes in a sentence.
D)She coordinates simple sentences.

Accepted Answer

Between the ages of 15 and 20, individuals typically achieve a level of language development that allows them to understand adult literary works. This milestone reflects the advanced cognitive and linguistic capabilities that are developed by late adolescence or early adulthood, including the ability to comprehend complex narratives, themes, and the nuanced use of language found in adult literature. Other options like understanding the function of a word in a sentence, the mean length of utterances increasing to three to four morphemes in a sentence, and coordinating simple sentences are milestones achieved much earlier in childhood.

Question 2

Discuss the prototype model.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Morgan is a 13-year-old boy.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Morgan between the age of 11 and 14?
A)The mean length of utterances increases to three to four morphemes in a sentence.
B)His vocabulary increases to an average of 200 words.
C)He understands metaphors and satires.
D)He uses yes and no questions.

Accepted Answer

According to milestones of language development, understanding metaphors and satires typically develops between the ages of 11 and 14. The other options are more suited to younger children's milestones.

Question 4

Distinguish between availability heuristic and representativeness heuristic.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Distinguish between confirmation bias and hindsight bias.

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Question 6

Define the two essential components of critical thinking.

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Question 7

Identify a true statement about secondary appraisal.
A)It involves an individual's immediate reaction to a situation.
B)It involves evaluating an individual's resources about dealing with a situation.
C)It involves understanding whether a given situation is threatening or less harmful.
D)It involves determining whether an individual has enough resources to deal with a situation.

Accepted Answer

Secondary appraisal involves evaluating an individual's resources and options for coping with a situation after initially assessing its significance.

Question 8

Jacques is a seven-year-old boy.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Jacques at this age?
A)He shows more skilled use of syntactical rules.
B)He understands metaphor and satire.
C)He develops an understanding of complex grammar forms.
D)He understands adult literary works.

Accepted Answer

At the age of seven, a child typically shows more skilled use of syntactical rules, which means they can form more complex sentences and use grammar rules more accurately. They are not yet able to understand metaphor and satire or adult literary works, and while they may be developing an understanding of complex grammar forms, it is not yet a common milestone at this age.

Question 9

Nigel is a ten-year-old boy.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Nigel at this age?
A)He understands metaphor and satire.
B)He uses synonyms in word definitions.
C)He understands adult literary works.
D)He develops an understanding of complex grammar forms.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Olga has to prepare for her term paper on marketing next week.According to the steps in problem solving,list the steps that need to be taken in this situation.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Define a concept.List the characteristics of a concept.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Discuss the type of thinking involved in creativity.List the characteristics of creative people.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Razzak did poorly in his science test.He realizes that he has enough teachers and friends who will help him perform better in next science test.He takes a good stock of everybody available around him who will improve his performance.Razzak's analysis of his resources is an example of
A)deductive reasoning.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)inductive reasoning.
D)primary appraisal.

Accepted Answer

Secondary appraisal involves evaluating the resources one has available to cope with a stressor, which is what Razzak is doing by considering the support from teachers and friends for his next science test.

Question 14

Just over a week ago,Amanda lost her job at a manufacturing plant.At first,she was extremely worried about not being able to pay her bills.After thinking it through,she is now less stressed because she realizes that this may be the perfect opportunity to find that challenging career she always wanted.Thus,Amanda's consideration of the situation in this scenario is best described as
A)a cognitive appraisal.
B)confirmation of bias.
C)a cognitive reappraisal.
D)functional fixedness.

Accepted Answer

Amanda's thought process of first feeling worried and then realizing the opportunity for a challenging career is an example of cognitive reappraisal. She has reevaluated the situation and shifted her perspective to see the potential positives in losing her job.

Question 15

Discuss the process of critical thinking.

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Question 16

Define reasoning.Discuss the two types of reasoning.

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Question 17

Martha loses her cellphone in a crowded train.She immediately thinks that she can never get her cellphone back,and she does not bother asking anyone for help.Martha's analysis of her situation is an example of
A)secondary appraisal.
B)primary appraisal.
C)hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
D)accommodation reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Martha's initial reaction of thinking she can never get her cellphone back is a primary appraisal, which involves evaluating the significance of a situation and determining whether it is harmful, positive, or irrelevant to one's well-being.

Question 18

Cognitive appraisal refers to the way an individual
A)forms concepts.
B)interprets a situation.
C)uses pragmatics when communicating.
D)uses availability heuristics.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive appraisal refers to the way an individual interprets a situation, including their evaluation of the potential outcomes, significance, and implications of the situation. It involves a subjective assessment of the situation and the person's ability to cope with it, and can have an impact on their emotional and behavioral response. The other options (A, C, and D) refer to other cognitive processes or strategies that may be involved in communication or problem-solving, but are not directly related to cognitive appraisal.

Question 19

Sarah lost her job six months ago.Even though at first she was upset about losing her job,she later felt that her job loss enabled her to become more independent and self-reliant.She believes that her job loss enabled her to become a better person.This type of evaluation of negative events by Sarah is known as
A)benefit finding.
B)confirmation of bias.
C)loss aversion.
D)functional fixedness.

Accepted Answer

Benefit finding refers to the process of finding positive meaning or benefits in a negative situation or event. Sarah's evaluation of her job loss as enabling her to become more independent and self-reliant reflects benefit finding. Confirmation of bias refers to the tendency to interpret information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs. Loss aversion refers to the tendency to have a stronger reaction to potential losses than to potential gains. Functional fixedness refers to the tendency to perceive an object or situation in a limited way, unable to see alternative uses or solutions.

Question 20

Compare and contrast between the human brain and a computer.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Nina is an 18-year-old girl.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Nina between the age of 15 and 20?

Discuss the prototype model.

Morgan is a 13-year-old boy.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Morgan between the age of 11 and 14?

Distinguish between availability heuristic and representativeness heuristic.

Distinguish between confirmation bias and hindsight bias.

Define the two essential components of critical thinking.

Identify a true statement about secondary appraisal.

Jacques is a seven-year-old boy.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Jacques at this age?

Nigel is a ten-year-old boy.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Nigel at this age?

Olga has to prepare for her term paper on marketing next week.According to the steps in problem solving,list the steps that need to be taken in this situation.

Define a concept.List the characteristics of a concept.

Discuss the type of thinking involved in creativity.List the characteristics of creative people.

Razzak did poorly in his science test.He realizes that he has enough teachers and friends who will help him perform better in next science test.He takes a good stock of everybody available around him who will improve his performance.Razzak's analysis of his resources is an example of

Discuss the process of critical thinking.

Define reasoning.Discuss the two types of reasoning.

Martha loses her cellphone in a crowded train.She immediately thinks that she can never get her cellphone back,and she does not bother asking anyone for help.Martha's analysis of her situation is an example of

Cognitive appraisal refers to the way an individual

Compare and contrast between the human brain and a computer.