Question 1

Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are
A)hand-under-hand guidance.
B)touch cues.
C)adapted signs.
D)tactual signs.

Accepted Answer

Touch cues are tactual signals that convey different messages depending on the situation and context. Hand-under-hand guidance is a specific type of touch cue used for physically guiding someone, adapted signs are visual signs modified for tactual use, and tactual signs are a specific type of sign language for people who are deafblind.

Question 2

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of positive behavioural support?
A)Typically,one factor alone is responsible for the presence of specific behaviour.
B)Each behaviour carries a communicative intent.
C)Some behaviours have no communicative intent.
D)Positive behavioural support is not like behaviour modification.

Accepted Answer

Positive behavioural support assumes that each behaviour carries a communicative intent, meaning that it serves a purpose for the individual displaying the behaviour. This assumption is key in understanding the function of the behaviour and developing effective strategies to address it.

Question 3

In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness,two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are
A)incidental learning and structured routines.
B)direct instruction and structured routines.
C)direct instruction and variable routines.
D)indirect instruction and structured routines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addressing the needs of students with...

Question 4

Repeated physical self-abuse,such as biting,scratching,or poking oneself,head banging,and so on is called
A)self-torture.
B)self-injurious behaviour.
C)self-abuse.
D)self-stimulation.

Accepted Answer

Self-injurious behavior refers to any repeated physical self-harm, such as biting, scratching or poking oneself, head banging, and so on. Self-torture and self-abuse are also somewhat accurate terms, but "self-injurious behavior" is the preferred term in the field of psychology. Self-stimulation usually refers to repetitive behaviors that involve sexual stimulation, such as masturbation or exhibitionism.

Question 5

Methods of communication that may be appropriate for students who are deaf-blind include all of the following EXCEPT
A)touch cues.
B)braille.
C)hand-under-hand guidance.
D)communication boards.

Accepted Answer

Communication boards typically rely on visual cues, which may not be suitable for students who are deaf-blind.

Question 6

Each of the following statements about the self-stimulation of students with severe exceptionalities is true EXCEPT
A)the type of self-stimulation is what differentiates it from the norm.
B)it may take a wide variety of forms.
C)nearly everyone engages in some form of self-stimulation.
D)the rate of self-stimulation is what differentiates it from the norm.

Accepted Answer

The type of self-stimulation is not what differentiates it from the norm; rather, it is the rate or intensity that is typically different.

Question 7

Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is
A)self-help skills.
B)accessing information.
C)navigating the environment.
D)communication.

Accepted Answer

Communication is the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness, as it limits their ability to connect with others, access information, and navigate their environment. Without effective communication, individuals with deaf-blindness can experience isolation and a lack of access to education, employment, and social opportunities. Therefore, developing communication strategies and technologies is critical for improving the quality of life for people with deaf-blindness.

Question 8

The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behaviour is exhibited is called
A)positive behavioural support.
B)functional behavioural assessment.
C)functional behavioural analysis.
D)positive behaviour management.

Accepted Answer

The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behaviour is exhibited is called functional behavioural assessment. It involves collecting information about the problem behaviour and its antecedents, consequences, and environmental factors. This information is then used to develop interventions that address the underlying causes of the behaviour, rather than just focusing on the behaviour itself. Positive behavioural support, functional behavioural analysis, and positive behaviour management are related concepts, but they do not specifically refer to the process of finding out why problem behaviour is exhibited.

Question 9

Each of the following has been shown to sometimes cause deaf-blindness EXCEPT
A)rubella.
B)congenital cytomegalovirus.
C)meningitis.
D)childhood mumps.

Accepted Answer

Childhood mumps has not been shown to cause deaf-blindness. Rubella, congenital cytomegalovirus, and meningitis are all known causes of deaf-blindness.

Question 10

An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is
A)assistance cards.
B)pictorial cards.
C)the long cane.
D)tape recorded messages.

Accepted Answer

Assistance cards can provide information to the public about the individual's communication needs and may request assistance or accommodations. This can help facilitate communication with the individual who is deaf-blind. Pictorial cards may also be helpful, but assistance cards provide more specific information about the individual's needs. The long cane and tape recorded messages do not directly address communication with the public.

Question 11

Any repetitive,stereotyped behaviour that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation is
A)self-mutilation.
B)self-injury.
C)self-stimulation.
D)tantrums.

Accepted Answer

The behavior described in the question is self-stimulation, also known as stimming. Stimming is commonly seen in individuals with autism and involves repetitive behaviors such as hand-flapping, rocking back and forth, or spinning objects. These behaviors are thought to provide sensory stimulation and can be a way for individuals to regulate their sensory input. Self-mutilation and self-injury involve harming oneself intentionally and are not necessarily related to sensory stimulation. Tantrums are a type of behavior that can be seen in both typically developing children and those with developmental disorders, and involve outbursts of anger or frustration. However, tantrums are not typically repetitive or stereotyped in the way that stimming behaviors are.

Question 12

Each of the following is a challenge particular to users of augmentative or alternative communication (AAC)not faced by natural communicators EXCEPT
A)there are no systems that allow for expression of complex,abstract thoughts.
B)AAC is much slower.
C)users of AAC who are not literate must rely on a vocabulary and symbols selected by others.
D)AAC must be constructed to be useful in a variety of social contexts.

Accepted Answer

This is not a challenge particular to users of AAC as even natural communicators may struggle to express complex and abstract thoughts.

Note: The other options are challenges that users of AAC commonly face.

Question 13

Each of the following is considered a criterion essential for early intervention programs in special education EXCEPT
A)research- or value-based practices.
B)family-centred practices.
C)services provided by independent professionals.
D)chronologically age-appropriate practices.

Accepted Answer

Services provided by independent professionals are not considered essential criteria for early intervention programs in special education. Collaborative teamwork within a multidisciplinary team is more commonly emphasized in early intervention programs. The other three options, research- or value-based practices, family-centred practices, and chronologically age-appropriate practices, are all considered essential criteria for effective early intervention programs in special education.

Question 14

The fact that Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder means that
A)both parents must carry the gene and there is a 50% chance of the child having the syndrome.
B)one parent can carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the syndrome.
C)both parents must carry the gene and there is a 25% chance of the child having the syndrome
D)one parent can carry the gene and there is a 50% chance of the child having the syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive disorders require both parents to carry the gene in order for the child to have a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder. Choice A is incorrect because the chance of a child inheriting the disorder is 25%, not 50%. Choice B is incorrect because only one parent carrying the gene would result in a lower chance (25%) of the child having the disorder. Choice D is incorrect for the same reason as Choice B.

Question 15

John has Autism and often flaps his hands for no apparent reason.John is engaging in
A)aggression toward others.
B)self-stimulation.
C)augmentative communication.
D)self-injury.

Accepted Answer

Hand flapping is a common self-stimulatory behavior in individuals with Autism. It is not aggression toward others, augmentative communication, or self-injury.

Question 16

A type of augmentative or alternative communication that requires someone else to physically assist the intended communicator that appears to have been discredited by research is
A)falsified communication.
B)prompted communication.
C)assisted communication.
D)facilitated communication.

Accepted Answer

Facilitated communication has been discredited by multiple studies, as it was found that the facilitator was actually controlling the communication rather than the communicator. It is important to use evidence-based practices for communication interventions to ensure effective communication.

Question 17

Augmentative and alternative communication is mainly used for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A)to allow individuals to demonstrate their language skills.
B)to allow individuals to develop more sophisticated language skills.
C)to allow individuals to express their emotions.
D)to allow individuals to avoid learning basic literacy.

Accepted Answer

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is not a substitute for learning basic literacy. It is used to enhance communication and language skills in individuals who have difficulty speaking or writing. AAC methods include sign language, picture boards, speech generating devices, and others. AAC can help individuals communicate their emotions, thoughts, ideas, and needs, either temporarily or permanently. It can also help develop more sophisticated language skills and support the demonstration of existing language skills. However, it is not a replacement for learning basic literacy skills.

Question 18

Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs,share information,engage in social closeness,or manage social etiquette is
A)facilitated communication.
B)augmentative or alternative communication.
C)manual communication.
D)applied functional communication.

Accepted Answer

Augmentative or alternative communication includes any method used to assist or replace normal speech, such as sign language, communication boards or devices, and electronic speech-generating devices. Facilitated communication involves a facilitator physically assisting the individual with communication, which has been discredited as lacking scientific validity. Manual communication refers specifically to sign language. Applied functional communication involves teaching an individual functional communication skills to replace challenging behaviors.

Question 19

Madeline's mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away.Madeline threw herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming.Madeline's mom put the bear away herself,telling Madeline,"O.K. ,O.K. ,calm down." Madeline quickly ended her tantrum and returned to playing.Which statement is true?
A)The mother's behaviour makes future tantrums less likely.
B)The mother's behaviour reinforced the tantrum behaviour.
C)The mother imposed an unreasonable demand on her child.
D)People with multiple severe exceptionalities should not be expected to do chores.

Accepted Answer

The mother's behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior by giving in to Madeline's demands, which may encourage similar behavior in the future.

Question 20

Augmentative or alternative communication is most appropriate for those
A)with any level of intellectual ability.
B)who are of at least average intelligence.
C)who have an intellectual disability.
D)who are of below average intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Augmentative or alternative communication (AAC) is designed to support individuals with communication challenges, regardless of their intellectual ability. It can be used by anyone who needs assistance with communication, including those with any level of intellectual ability.

Quiz 13: Learners With Low Incidence, Multiple, and Severe Exceptionalities

Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of positive behavioural support?

In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness,two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are

Repeated physical self-abuse,such as biting,scratching,or poking oneself,head banging,and so on is called

Methods of communication that may be appropriate for students who are deaf-blind include all of the following EXCEPT

Each of the following statements about the self-stimulation of students with severe exceptionalities is true EXCEPT

Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is

The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behaviour is exhibited is called

Each of the following has been shown to sometimes cause deaf-blindness EXCEPT

An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is

Any repetitive,stereotyped behaviour that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation is

Each of the following is a challenge particular to users of augmentative or alternative communication (AAC) not faced by natural communicators EXCEPT

Each of the following is considered a criterion essential for early intervention programs in special education EXCEPT

The fact that Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder means that

John has Autism and often flaps his hands for no apparent reason.John is engaging in

A type of augmentative or alternative communication that requires someone else to physically assist the intended communicator that appears to have been discredited by research is

Augmentative and alternative communication is mainly used for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs,share information,engage in social closeness,or manage social etiquette is

Augmentative or alternative communication is most appropriate for those