Question 1

If distractors are very similar to the correct item on a multiple choice test,
A) there will be a lack of recognition for the information.
B) a false sense of recognition may occur for the information.
C) the serial position effect is likely to occur, regarding the information.
D) redintegration is likely to occur, regarding the information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If distractors are very similar to the...

Question 2

Geraldine witnesses a robbery in the parking lot at her college.At the police station,she is shown one photo at a time of possible suspects and is asked if this is the person she saw.Geraldine is undergoing a
A) false positive interrogation.
B) sequential lineup.
C) serial position lineup.
D) cognitive interview.

Accepted Answer

Geraldine is undergoing a sequential lineup in which she is shown one photo at a time instead of all at once. A false positive interrogation involves leading questions that may cause the witness to identify an innocent person as the suspect. Serial position lineup refers to the order of presentation of suspects, and cognitive interview is a technique used for eyewitnesses to recall events in more detail.

Question 3

Instances have occurred in which witnesses described a criminal as black,tall,or young; and then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites,the only tall suspect,or the only young person.Having situations like this would produce
A) the serial position effect.
B) false positives.
C) proactive interference.
D) memory consolidation.

Accepted Answer

This scenario creates the possibility of false positives, where the witness may falsely identify the suspect simply because they are the only one who matches a particular physical characteristic described by the witness. This is a potential problem with lineup procedures and can lead to wrongful convictions. The other options (serial position effect, proactive interference, and memory consolidation) do not apply to this situation.

Question 4

The false items that are included with the correct answer to be recognized are known as
A) trick responses.
B) false icons.
C) mnemonics.
D) distractors.

Accepted Answer

The false items included with the correct answer to be recognized in a multiple-choice question are known as distractors. These are intended to divert the attention of the test-taker from the correct answer and to evaluate their cognitive abilities in identifying the correct one. Option A refers to a term that is sometimes used interchangeably with distractors but not as precise. Option B refers to graphical symbols that represent a program, file, or command, and are not related to test-taking. Option C refers to memory techniques that aid in retrieval and recall of information, but are not related to test construction.

Question 5

On a multiple choice test,if only one choice looks like it could be correct among the other dissimilar distractors,
A) there will be a lack of recognition for the information.
B) a false sense of recognition may occur for the information.
C) the serial position effect is likely to occur, regarding the information.
D) redintegration is likely to occur, regarding the information.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes the phenomenon known as the "one-best-answer" effect, where the presence of a clearly correct option among dissimilar distractors can lead to a false sense of recognition and increased confidence in the answer, even if it is not entirely correct.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most sensitive test of memory?
A) recall
B) relearning
C) recognition
D) redintegration

Accepted Answer

Relearning is considered the most sensitive test of memory because it measures the amount of time saved when learning information for the second time, indicating how well the information was retained from the first learning session. This method, also known as the method of savings, can detect even small amounts of retained memory, making it highly sensitive to the presence of previously learned material.

Question 7

Regarding the sensitivity of the various measures of memory,the correct order from most sensitive memory measure to the least sensitive is
A) relearning, recognition, recall.
B) relearning, recall, recognition.
C) recognition, recall, relearning.
D) recall, relearning, recognition.

Accepted Answer

Relearning involves reacquiring knowledge or skills that have previously been learned and forgotten. It is considered the most sensitive measure of memory as it requires the least amount of time to relearn something that has been forgotten. Recognition involves identifying previously learned information from a list of options and is considered to be a moderately sensitive measure of memory. Recall involves retrieving information from memory without any cues or prompts, which is the most difficult and least sensitive measure of memory. Therefore, the correct order from most sensitive to least sensitive memory measure is relearning, recognition, recall.

Question 8

In a classic experiment,a psychologist read a short passage in Greek to his son every day when the boy was between 15 months and 3 years of age.At age 8,he was asked to recall the passage,to recognize the passage,and later to memorize the original quotations and others of equal difficulty.The results of the experiment showed that the boy was
A) able to recall the passage at age eight.
B) able to recognize the passage when presented with the original passage and other Greek passages.
C) able to exhibit evidence of relearning by memorizing the original passage 25 percent faster than the other Greek passages.
D) unable to do any of these three memory tasks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a classic experiment,a psychologist read a...

Question 9

Ricky is taking a multiple choice test in which the distractors for every item are very dissimilar to the correct answers for these items.Ricky will most likely experience
A) a lack of recognition.
B) false positives.
C) the serial position effect.
D) retroactive redintegration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ricky is taking a multiple choice test...

Question 10

In which method of measuring memory is a savings score used to demonstrate the retention of information?
A) recognition
B) recall
C) relearning
D) redintegration

Accepted Answer

A savings score is used in the relearning method of measuring memory. This involves measuring how much less time it takes to relearn previously memorized information compared to the initial learning period. The savings score is a measure of how much information was retained.

Question 11

Cory is a new teacher and has had very little experience writing multiple choice questions.So,on a question asking for the "father of psychology," he listed Wilhelm Wundt and three women psychologists as the possible responses.This type of question would most likely produce
A) the serial position effect.
B) a false positive.
C) proactive interference.
D) excellent recall memory.

Accepted Answer

By including three women psychologists as options for the "father of psychology," Cory has introduced a false positive - an option that may seem correct to some students but is actually incorrect. This undermines the validity of the question and could lead to confusion or incorrect answers.

Question 12

You are asked to learn the information presented in a psychology chapter,and you study for four hours.Then three months later,you are asked to study the same chapter information,and you finish your study in only two hours.In this case,your memory of having learned this information three months ago is shown through
A) relearning.
B) recognition.
C) recall.
D) redintegration.

Accepted Answer

Relearning refers to the amount of time it takes to learn previously learned information again. In this case, the fact that the individual was able to study the same chapter information in less time than it took them to initially learn it suggests that they had some memory of the information, and therefore, their memory is demonstrated through relearning. Recognition refers to identifying information that has been previously encountered, while recall refers to the ability to retrieve information without any prompts or cues. Redintegration is not a term commonly used in psychology, and therefore, is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 13

In a classic experiment,a psychologist read a short passage in Greek to his son every day when the boy was between 15 months and 3 years of age.At age 8,he was asked to recall the passage,to recognize the passage,and later to memorize the original quotations and others of equal difficulty.Which of the following was the most sensitive measure of memory in this study?
A) recall
B) recognition
C) relearning
D) redintegration

Accepted Answer

Relearning refers to the amount of time it takes to learn something again. In this study, the fact that the participant was able to relearn the original quotation and others of equal difficulty suggests a high level of memorization and retention. Recall and recognition are important measures of memory as well, but relearning provides a more sensitive measure of the strength of memory. Redintegration refers to the process of filling in missing information based on previous experience and was not measured in this study.

Question 14

In relearning,the amount remembered is measured by the
A) number of items recalled.
B) savings score.
C) confidence level of the subject.
D) time it takes to recall all items.

Accepted Answer

The savings score is used to measure the amount remembered in relearning. It calculates the difference in time or trials needed to learn material for the first time and the time or trials needed to relearn the same material at a later date, indicating how much was retained.

Question 15

The occurrence of false positives during police lineups can be minimized by all of the following techniques EXCEPT for
A) having all the distractors look like the person witnesses described.
B) warning witnesses that the culprit may not be present in the lineup.
C) using very dissimilar distractors to aid recognition.
D) using a sequential lineup in which one photo at a time is shown.

Accepted Answer

Using very dissimilar distractors can actually increase the risk of false positives because it makes the suspect stand out more, potentially leading witnesses to choose them even if they are not sure. The other options are methods aimed at reducing false positives.

Question 16

Tests of memory based upon relearning use which of the following to demonstrate the retention of what was previously learned?
A) recognition score
B) the curve of forgetting
C) redintegration score
D) savings score

Accepted Answer

Tests of memory based upon relearning use savings score to demonstrate the retention of what was previously learned. Savings score is a measure of how much less time or effort is required to relearn material that has been previously learned and then forgotten. A higher savings score indicates better retention of the original material. Recognition score is a measure of how well one can recognize previously learned material, not how much of it was retained. The curve of forgetting refers to the pattern of decreasing retention over time, but it is not used to specifically test memory through relearning. Redintegration score refers to the recall of entire experiences based on partial cues, but it is also not used specifically to test memory through relearning.

Question 17

When conducting a police line-up,it is best to have all the distractors look like the person witnesses described and also to warn the witnesses that the suspect may not be present in the line-up.These steps will reduce the occurrence of
A) false positives.
B) proactive interference.
C) the serial position effect.
D) memory consolidation.

Accepted Answer

By having all the distractors resemble the person witnesses described, it decreases the likelihood of witnesses choosing someone who looks similar to the suspect but is not actually the suspect. By warning the witnesses that the suspect may not be present, it prevents them from feeling pressured to choose someone from the line-up, reducing false positives.

Question 18

Nicky is taking a multiple choice test in which the distractors for every item are very similar to the correct answers for these items.Nicky will most likely experience
A) a lack of recognition.
B) false positives.
C) the serial position effect.
D) retroactive redintegration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nicky is taking a multiple choice test...

Question 19

If you witnessed a crime and were asked to pick out the person who committed the crime from a lineup of six people,the other five people are called
A) savings.
B) distractors.
C) primers.
D) false positives.

Accepted Answer

The other five people in the lineup are referred to as distractors, as they are included to distract or confuse the witness and increase the difficulty of correctly identifying the culprit.

Question 20

Sequential lineups in which one photo at a time is shown to the witness can reduce the occurrence of
A) false positives.
B) proactive interference.
C) the serial position effect.
D) memory consolidation.

Accepted Answer

Sequential lineups, in which one photo at a time is shown to the witness, reduces false positives as it allows the witness to compare each photo to their memory of the suspect rather than comparing them to each other. This method also reduces proactive interference and the serial position effect. However, it does not have a direct impact on memory consolidation.

Quiz 7: B: Memory

If distractors are very similar to the correct item on a multiple choice test,

Geraldine witnesses a robbery in the parking lot at her college.At the police station,she is shown one photo at a time of possible suspects and is asked if this is the person she saw.Geraldine is undergoing a

Instances have occurred in which witnesses described a criminal as black,tall,or young; and then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites,the only tall suspect,or the only young person.Having situations like this would produce

The false items that are included with the correct answer to be recognized are known as

On a multiple choice test,if only one choice looks like it could be correct among the other dissimilar distractors,

Which of the following is the most sensitive test of memory?

Regarding the sensitivity of the various measures of memory,the correct order from most sensitive memory measure to the least sensitive is

Ricky is taking a multiple choice test in which the distractors for every item are very dissimilar to the correct answers for these items.Ricky will most likely experience

In which method of measuring memory is a savings score used to demonstrate the retention of information?

Cory is a new teacher and has had very little experience writing multiple choice questions.So,on a question asking for the "father of psychology," he listed Wilhelm Wundt and three women psychologists as the possible responses.This type of question would most likely produce

In relearning,the amount remembered is measured by the

The occurrence of false positives during police lineups can be minimized by all of the following techniques EXCEPT for

Tests of memory based upon relearning use which of the following to demonstrate the retention of what was previously learned?

When conducting a police line-up,it is best to have all the distractors look like the person witnesses described and also to warn the witnesses that the suspect may not be present in the line-up.These steps will reduce the occurrence of

Nicky is taking a multiple choice test in which the distractors for every item are very similar to the correct answers for these items.Nicky will most likely experience

If you witnessed a crime and were asked to pick out the person who committed the crime from a lineup of six people,the other five people are called

Sequential lineups in which one photo at a time is shown to the witness can reduce the occurrence of