Three-year-old Josh has been classically conditioned to salivate to a bell.We now clap our hands and then ring the bell.Little Josh will soon learn to salivate when we clap our hands because of
A) the law of effect.
B) shaping.
C) higher-order conditioning.
D) instrumental conditioning.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

This is an example of higher-order conditioning, where a previously neutral stimulus (clapping hands) becomes associated with a conditioned stimulus (bell) and elicits the same response (salivation) as the conditioned stimulus. The conditioning effect is transferred from the bell to the new stimulus (clapping hands) through this higher-order pairing. The other options (law of effect, shaping, instrumental conditioning) are not applicable to this scenario.

Three-Year-Old Josh Has Been Classically Conditioned to Salivate to a Bell.We