Question 1

Marty's persuasive speech was about gun control and school violence. He made the statement, "Either we take guns out of the hands of everyone in this country, except the police and military, or we can expectmassacres in schools all over this country." This kind of argument represents
A) an eitheror fallacy.
B) an ad hominem fallacy.
C) a bandwagon fallacy.
D) an appeal to misplaced authority.

Accepted Answer

The statement presents only two options, as if there were no other solutions to the problem of school violence. This is an example of an either-or fallacy, where the argument reduces a complex situation to a simplistic choice between two extreme options.

Question 2

The type of credibility when a speaker establishes common ground with the audience, supports an argument with evidence, and presents a well-delivered speech is
A) initial credibility.
B) deserved credibility.
C) terminal credibility.
D) derived credibility.

Accepted Answer

Derived credibility is established when a speaker connects with the audience, uses evidence to support their arguments, and delivers their speech effectively. This type of credibility is not inherent to the speaker before the speech (initial credibility) nor is it the final impression left after the speech (terminal credibility); instead, it is built or "derived" through the speaker's performance and interaction with the audience during the speech.

Question 3

What is the first step in the motivated sequence?
A) establish need
B) grab attention
C) identify solution
D) identify action

Accepted Answer

The first step in the motivated sequence is to grab the attention of the audience. This is important in order to make them interested and engaged in the speech or presentation.

Question 4

Speakers from the United States typically use factual inductive reasoning; they identify specific facts and use them to support a general proposition or conclusion.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately characterizes the use of inductive reasoning by speakers from the United States.

Question 5

The term used by Aristotle to describe appeals to human emotion is
A) ethos.
B) logos.
C) pathos.
D) rhetoric.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle identified three modes of persuasion: ethos (appeals to credibility or trustworthiness), logos (appeals to logic or reason), and pathos (appeals to emotion).

Question 6

Shylah states in her persuasive speech, "Marijuana is a safe alternate to alcohol. I know this because most of my friends use it and they're fine." You recognize this fallacy as
A) bandwagon.
B) ad hominem.
C) red herring.
D) false cause.

Accepted Answer

The fallacy in Shylah's statement is bandwagon, which refers to the idea that something is true or good simply because many people believe or do it. Shylah is using her friends' use of marijuana as evidence that it is safe, which is not a valid argument. Just because her friends are fine does not necessarily mean that marijuana is a safe alternative to alcohol. It is important to consider scientific research and broader patterns of behavior and consequences when making claims about the safety or harm of a substance.

Question 7

Toni is going to present a speech at work on enacting stricter gun control regulations. Many of her coworkers are avid hunters and members of the NRA, so she suspects they will be unreceptive to her message. Which of the following guidelines should Toni follow?
A) Acknowledge the opposing points of view.
B) Ask listeners for an immediate show of support.
C) Clearly state your speaking objective.
D) Be explicit in directing your listeners' behavior.

Accepted Answer

Acknowledging the opposing points of view will show respect for her coworkers' beliefs and make them more willing to listen to Toni's message. Asking for immediate support (B), clear objective (C), and directing behavior (D) may be perceived as aggressive and could make them more defensive.

Question 8

Derived credibility refers to that which a speaker achieves after presenting a speech.

Accepted Answer

Derived credibility refers to the perception of the audience towards the speaker before the speech, which can be influenced by factors such as reputation, expertise, and trustworthiness. It is not something that the speaker achieves after presenting a speech.

Question 9

Aform of dynamism, often projected through delivery, that occurs when a speaker is perceived as charming, talented, and magnetic is
A) charisma.
B) honesty.
C) competence.
D) credibility.

Accepted Answer

Charisma is defined as a powerful personal quality that enables an individual to influence or attract others through their charm, talent, and magnetism. It is a form of dynamism that can be projected through delivery and can enhance a speaker's perceived credibility and competence. While honesty and credibility are important qualities in public speaking, they do not necessarily project a sense of charm and magnetism that is associated with charisma.

Question 10

Nita, when speaking to persuade the class that prayer in schools should be restored, argues, "The reason that there is so much crime nowadays is that we no longer have prayer in schools," you recognize thisfallacy as
A) eitheror.
B) an ad hominem.
C) a red herring.
D) a causal fallacy.

Accepted Answer

Nita is making a causal fallacy by assuming that the removal of prayer from schools is directly causing the increase in crime. The two may be correlated, but there is no clear evidence of causation.

Question 11

The type of reasoning that involves reaching a general conclusion from specific instances is known as
A) deductive reasoning.
B) generalization.
C) reasoning by analogy.
D) inductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning involves drawing general conclusions based on specific instances or evidence. This is different from deductive reasoning, which starts with a general premise and then applies it to a specific case. Generalization is a term that can refer to both inductive reasoning (when drawing a general conclusion) or deductive reasoning (when applying a general statement to a specific case). Reasoning by analogy involves making comparisons between two things that are similar in some ways but different in others, and then drawing conclusions based on those similarities.

Question 12

Persuasion referencing _____ is an emotional appeal that reaches the audience through shared beliefs based on cultural heritage or faith.
A) hope
B) commonality
C) myth
D) charm

Accepted Answer

This is a reference to a cultural or religious myth that is shared by the audience, which is used to evoke an emotional response and establish common ground.

Question 13

When Nicole said, "It is dangerous to work in a fast food restaurant at night. I used to work in one and I was robbed one night," you recognized this fallacy as
A) a bandwagon fallacy.
B) an ad hominem.
C) a hasty generalization.
D) a red herring.

Accepted Answer

This is a hasty generalization fallacy because Nicole is drawing a conclusion about all fast food restaurants being dangerous based on her personal experience of being robbed one night at one particular restaurant. This conclusion is not necessarily true for all fast food restaurants.

Question 14

A speaker wishing to establish initial credibility will give careful thought to his or her appearance and look directly into the audience's eyes before beginning to speak.

Accepted Answer

Giving careful thought to appearance and making direct eye contact with the audience can help a speaker establish initial credibility.

Question 15

Deductive reasoning can be structured in the form of a(n) ______, which includes three elements: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
A) sign.
B) analogy.
C) generalization.
D) syllogism.

Accepted Answer

A deductive reasoning argument is structured in the form of a syllogism, which includes a major premise (a general statement), a minor premise (a specific statement), and a conclusion that logically follows from the premises.

Question 16

The audience's perception of a speaker's competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism is termed
A) credibility.
B) charisma.
C) character.
D) personality.

Accepted Answer

The audience's perception of a speaker's competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism is termed credibility. Charisma, character, and personality can all contribute to a speaker's credibility, but credibility specifically refers to the audience's perception of the speaker's trustworthiness and competence in delivering the message.

Question 17

Causal reasoning is reasoning that arrives at general conclusions based on specific instances or examples.

Accepted Answer

Causal reasoning is the process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect. It is not about arriving at general conclusions from specific instances, which is more characteristic of inductive reasoning.

Question 18

Which type of reasoning involves organizing an argument using a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion?
A) inductive reasoning
B) deductive reasoning
C) causal reasoning
D) reasoning by analogy

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning involves using a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion to organize an argument.

Question 19

In an introduction to a persuasive speech, Fran said: "There was a time when I thought I would never have a job, a decent life, a boyfriend, or any pleasure in life. But, after working as an internatChannel 3, I know what I really want to do with my life and that gives me great satisfaction. I encourage you all to experience an internship, so that you, too, can discover that there is something in life that inspires passion in you... that you're willing to work for...to work hard for...to be successful...to be happy." What type of message did this speaker effectively use in this introduction?
A) an appeal to reasoning
B) an appeal to a common myth
C) an appeal to credibility
D) an appeal to emotion

Accepted Answer

The speaker effectively used an appeal to emotion by sharing a personal story of struggle and then revealing how an internship helped them find purpose and satisfaction in life. This type of message is designed to evoke an emotional response from the audience and persuade them to take action.

Question 20

A hypothetical example should NOT be used to reach a conclusion.

Accepted Answer

Hypothetical examples are not necessarily grounded in reality and may not accurately reflect real-world situations. Therefore, conclusions based solely on hypothetical examples may be flawed.

Quiz 24: Using Persuasive Strategies

Marty's persuasive speech was about gun control and school violence. He made the statement, "Either we take guns out of the hands of everyone in this country, except the police and military, or we can expectmassacres in schools all over this country." This kind of argument represents

The type of credibility when a speaker establishes common ground with the audience, supports an argument with evidence, and presents a well-delivered speech is

What is the first step in the motivated sequence?

Speakers from the United States typically use factual inductive reasoning; they identify specific facts and use them to support a general proposition or conclusion.

The term used by Aristotle to describe appeals to human emotion is

Shylah states in her persuasive speech, "Marijuana is a safe alternate to alcohol. I know this because most of my friends use it and they're fine." You recognize this fallacy as

Toni is going to present a speech at work on enacting stricter gun control regulations. Many of her coworkers are avid hunters and members of the NRA, so she suspects they will be unreceptive to her message. Which of the following guidelines should Toni follow?

Derived credibility refers to that which a speaker achieves after presenting a speech.

Aform of dynamism, often projected through delivery, that occurs when a speaker is perceived as charming, talented, and magnetic is

Nita, when speaking to persuade the class that prayer in schools should be restored, argues, "The reason that there is so much crime nowadays is that we no longer have prayer in schools," you recognize thisfallacy as

The type of reasoning that involves reaching a general conclusion from specific instances is known as

Persuasion referencing _____ is an emotional appeal that reaches the audience through shared beliefs based on cultural heritage or faith.

When Nicole said, "It is dangerous to work in a fast food restaurant at night. I used to work in one and I was robbed one night," you recognized this fallacy as

A speaker wishing to establish initial credibility will give careful thought to his or her appearance and look directly into the audience's eyes before beginning to speak.

Deductive reasoning can be structured in the form of a(n) ______, which includes three elements: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

The audience's perception of a speaker's competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism is termed

Causal reasoning is reasoning that arrives at general conclusions based on specific instances or examples.

Which type of reasoning involves organizing an argument using a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion?

A hypothetical example should NOT be used to reach a conclusion.