Question 1

Inferential statistics are used to:
A) describe the basic properties of scores.
B) determine the normality of the data.
C) draw conclusions about a population by examining the data from a sample.
D) compute the standard deviation.
E) describe the practical significance of the results.

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics are utilized to make inferences or draw conclusions about a larger population based on data collected from a sample of that population. This contrasts with descriptive statistics, which are used to describe the main features of a dataset without making inferences about a larger group.

Question 2

Degrees of freedom:
A) are used to assess the normality of the data.
B) are a way in which researchers account for variation due to error.
C) are the mistakes the researcher admits to in conducting the experiment.
D) the number of participants who did not respond.
E) are the same for all statistical tests.

Accepted Answer

Degrees of freedom are a statistical concept used to account for variation in the data that is not attributable to the effect being measured, essentially accounting for variation due to error.

Question 3

The chi-square:
A) compares the observed frequency with the expected frequency.
B) is best used with continuous level data.
C) tests for differences between two groups.
D) tests for the relationship between two continuous level variables.
E) can test for an interaction effect.

Accepted Answer

The chi-square test is used to compare observed frequencies with expected frequencies in categorical variables, making it a tool for assessing how likely it is that any observed difference between the sets arose by chance. It is not used for continuous data, for testing differences between only two groups in the way a t-test would be, nor for testing relationships between continuous variables, which would involve correlation or regression analyses. It also does not directly test for interaction effects in the way that analysis of variance (ANOVA) might.

Question 4

In presenting the results for a statistical test of difference, the researcher should report the:
A) statistical test.
B) level of probability or significance achieved.
C) degrees of freedom for the test.
D) the null hypothesis.
E) all but d.

Accepted Answer

When presenting the results for a statistical test of difference, it is important to report the statistical test used, the level of probability or significance achieved, and the degrees of freedom for the test. The null hypothesis is typically stated earlier in the research, not in the results section.

Question 5

The t-test is:
A) restricted to one independent variable.
B) restricted to one dependent variable.
C) restricted to two groupings or categories of the independent variable.
D) can test independent or dependent groups.
E) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The t-test is indeed restricted to one independent variable (A), one dependent variable (B), two groupings or categories of the independent variable (C), and can test both independent or dependent groups (D), making all of the statements correct.

Question 6

When a researcher uses an ANOVA, you can assume that:
A) the independent and dependent variables are both nominal level data.
B) the independent and dependent variables are both continuous level data.
C) the independent variable is nominal level data and the dependent variable is continuous level data.
D) the independent variable is continuous level data and the dependent variable is nominal level data.
E) Any of above.

Accepted Answer

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is used when the independent variable is nominal (categorical) and the dependent variable is continuous. This statistical method is designed to test the differences between means across multiple groups, where the groups are defined by the categorical independent variable.

Question 7

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-Stststical test for determining if differences among categories are statisically significent.
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

The chi-square test is used to determine if there is a significant association between categorical variables, making it suitable for testing differences among categories.

Question 8

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-can test for an interaction effect
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) can test for interaction effects, especially in the context of factorial ANOVA, where it examines how different factors affect a dependent variable both individually and in combination.

Question 9

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-Stststical test for determining differences between two groups of the independent variable on a continuous level dependent variable
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

The t-test is specifically designed to determine if there are significant differences between the means of two groups on a continuous dependent variable, making it the correct match for the description provided.

Question 10

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-the data for all variables in this Stststical test must be nominal or categorical
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

The chi-square test is used for data that are nominal or categorical, allowing researchers to assess whether there is a significant association between two categorical variables.

Question 11

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-is an extension of the t-test
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is an extension of the t-test designed for comparing means across more than two groups or categories, whereas the t-test is typically used to compare means between just two groups.

Question 12

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-two nominal variables are displayed in a contingency table
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

The chi-square test is used when two nominal variables are displayed in a contingency table, as it assesses the association between these categorical variables.

Question 13

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-represented be ?²
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

The symbol "?²" is commonly used to represent the chi-square test, which is a statistical test used to compare observed data with data we would expect to obtain according to a specific hypothesis.

Question 14

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-this test cannot determine casual statement about the data.
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the following terms and descriptions of...

Question 15

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-the one independent variable must be a nominal variable composed of only two groups.
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

The description matches a t-test, specifically an independent samples t-test, which is used to compare the means of two independent groups when the independent variable is nominal (categorizing participants into two distinct groups) and the dependent variable is interval or ratio (quantitative).

Question 16

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.
-is re[resented by the sympol F.
A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Accepted Answer

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is represented by the symbol F, which is used to compare the means of three or more samples.

Question 17

Statistical differences can be determined by simply comparing mean scores. If the mean scores are different, then the difference is statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance is determined by conducting hypothesis tests (e.g., t-tests, ANOVA) that consider both the differences in means and the variability of the data, along with sample size, to calculate a p-value. Simply comparing mean scores does not account for these factors.

Question 18

The inference that a significant result for a sample will also hold True for the population is based on the principle of probability.

Accepted Answer

This inference is based on statistical theory, where the principle of probability is used to infer that findings from a sample can be generalized to the larger population, assuming the sample is representative and the study is properly conducted.

Question 19

Inferential statistics tell the researcher which participant's score is the most significant.

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics are used to make inferences or generalizations about a population based on samples, not to determine the significance of individual participants' scores.

Question 20

The null hypothesis is retained until there is sufficient statistical support for accepting the research hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis is assumed to be true until evidence from a statistical test indicates that the research hypothesis has enough support to be considered true instead.

Quiz 10: Testing for Differences

Inferential statistics are used to:

Degrees of freedom:

The chi-square:

In presenting the results for a statistical test of difference, the researcher should report the:

The t-test is:

When a researcher uses an ANOVA, you can assume that:

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -Stststical test for determining if differences among categories are statisically significent.

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -can test for an interaction effect

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -Stststical test for determining differences between two groups of the independent variable on a continuous level dependent variable

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -the data for all variables in this Stststical test must be nominal or categorical

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -is an extension of the t-test

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -two nominal variables are displayed in a contingency table

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -represented be ?²

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -this test cannot determine casual statement about the data.

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -the one independent variable must be a nominal variable composed of only two groups.

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once. -is re[resented by the sympol F.

Statistical differences can be determined by simply comparing mean scores. If the mean scores are different, then the difference is statistically significant.

The inference that a significant result for a sample will also hold True for the population is based on the principle of probability.

Inferential statistics tell the researcher which participant's score is the most significant.

The null hypothesis is retained until there is sufficient statistical support for accepting the research hypothesis.