Deck 10: Testing for Differences

Question 1

Inferential statistics are used to:

A) describe the basic properties of scores.
B) determine the normality of the data.
C) draw conclusions about a population by examining the data from a sample.
D) compute the standard deviation.
E) describe the practical significance of the results.

Answer 1

draw conclusions about a population by examining the data from a sample.

Question 2

Degrees of freedom:

A) are used to assess the normality of the data.
B) are a way in which researchers account for variation due to error.
C) are the mistakes the researcher admits to in conducting the experiment.
D) the number of participants who did not respond.
E) are the same for all statistical tests.

Answer 2

are a way in which researchers account for variation due to error.

Question 3

The chi-square:

A) compares the observed frequency with the expected frequency.
B) is best used with continuous level data.
C) tests for differences between two groups.
D) tests for the relationship between two continuous level variables.
E) can test for an interaction effect.

Answer 3

compares the observed frequency with the expected frequency.

Question 4

In presenting the results for a statistical test of difference, the researcher should report the:

A) statistical test.
B) level of probability or significance achieved.
C) degrees of freedom for the test.
D) the null hypothesis.
E) all but d.

Question 5

The t-test is:

A) restricted to one independent variable.
B) restricted to one dependent variable.
C) restricted to two groupings or categories of the independent variable.
D) can test independent or dependent groups.
E) all of the above.

Question 6

When a researcher uses an ANOVA, you can assume that:

A) the independent and dependent variables are both nominal level data.
B) the independent and dependent variables are both continuous level data.
C) the independent variable is nominal level data and the dependent variable is continuous level data.
D) the independent variable is continuous level data and the dependent variable is nominal level data.
E) Any of above.

Question 7

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-Stststical test for determining if differences among categories are statisically significent.

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 8

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-can test for an interaction effect

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 9

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-Stststical test for determining differences between two groups of the independent variable on a continuous level dependent variable

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 10

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-the data for all variables in this Stststical test must be nominal or categorical

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 11

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-is an extension of the t-test

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 12

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-two nominal variables are displayed in a contingency table

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 13

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-represented be ?²

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 14

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-this test cannot determine casual statement about the data.

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 15

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-the one independent variable must be a nominal variable composed of only two groups.

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 16

Match the following terms and descriptions of statistical tests of differences. Some responses can be used more than once.

-is re[resented by the sympol F.

A) ANOVA
B) chi-sqare
C) t-test

Question 17

Statistical differences can be determined by simply comparing mean scores. If the mean scores are different, then the difference is statistically significant.

Question 18

The inference that a significant result for a sample will also hold True for the population is based on the principle of probability.

Question 19

Inferential statistics tell the researcher which participant's score is the most significant.

Question 20

The null hypothesis is retained until there is sufficient statistical support for accepting the research hypothesis.

Question 21

It is possible that the difference the researcher predicts in the hypothesis is not the difference that will exist in the data.

Question 22

In tests of difference, any difference found will be statistically significant.

Question 23

If the test of difference is significant, the research hypothesis is accepted.

Question 24

A chi-square can indicate if significant differences are found, but can not determine where the significance differences occurred.

Question 25

Chi-squares are limited to testing differences between two levels of any variable.

Question 26

The t-statistic is found by simply computing the means and standard deviations for both groups.

Question 27

For ANOVA to be statistically significant, the between-groups variance must be greater than the within-groups variance.

Question 28

Researchers use ANOVA when they are interested in testing for the variance that exists within groupings of the independent variable.

Question 29

In interpreting an ANOVA, the main effects are ignored if a significant interaction effect occurs.

Question 30

Explain the difference between random selection of participants and random assignment of participants.

Question 31

Describe the principles of probability, normal distribution, and random assignment upon which inferential statistics are based.

Question 32

Both t-test and χ² compute a statistic for two groups of scores. Explain how the two statistical tests are different.

Question 33

Describe the differences between a two-tailed and one-tailed t-test.

Question 34

Describe the difference between a main effect and an interaction effect. Use examples in your description.

Question 35

Provide a basic description for a 3 × 2× 2 factorial ANOVA.