Question 1

Based on the following description of her neighbor, how old would you guess Taylor to be? "She has a big cat and she lets me play with him. I like her because she gives me candy and lets me see what is growing in her garden. She has dark hair and glasses."
A) about 10 years old
B) about 12 years old
C) cannot be determined
D) less than 8 years old

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the following description of her...

Question 2

At about what age do children come to recognize certain regularities or unchanging qualities in the inner dispositions and behaviors of individuals?
A) 11
B) 6
C) 8
D) 4

Accepted Answer

Children around the age of 8 begin to recognize consistent traits and behaviors in others, as their cognitive and social understanding develops.

Question 3

Children in the concrete operations stage:
A) cannot understand words not tied to their own personal experiences
B) can only describe objects, people, and events by their physical characteristics
C) cannot make comparisons between classes of objects
D) can describe objects, people, and events by categories and functions

Accepted Answer

Children in the concrete operations stage (approximately ages 7 to 11), according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, are capable of logical thought processes but are not yet able to think abstractly. They can classify objects by several features and can order them in series along a single dimension such as size. This means they can indeed describe objects, people, and events by categories and functions, moving beyond mere physical characteristics.

Question 4

When Nadine talks to her principal, she uses a different tone of voice than she does when she talks to her friends in the playground. This is an example of:
A) differential pragmatics
B) code switching
C) semantic switching
D) speech dimensions

Accepted Answer

Code switching refers to the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation, which can also extend to switching between different levels of formality, tone, or even dialects within the same language, depending on the social context or conversational setting. In this case, Nadine adjusts her tone and possibly her choice of words or phrases when speaking to her principal compared to when she is with her friends, which is a form of code switching.

Question 5

Byram was not born in the United States and his native language is not English. He has difficulty participating fully in school because he does not speak, read, write, or understand English. At this point Byram could be classified as:
A) limited English proficiency (LEP)
B) English language learner (ELL)
C) bilingual
D) learning disabled

Accepted Answer

Byram's difficulty with English suggests he has limited English proficiency, which is often used to describe students who are not yet fluent in English.

Question 6

Each day Alexi attends a separate class to learn English. The class is an all-day intensive English language class. Alexi is learning the language through which approach?
A) the bilingual education approach
B) the total immersion language method
C) English as a Second Language (ESL)
D) two-way bilingual learning approach

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each day Alexi attends a separate class...

Question 7

Annette, a native speaker of Spanish, attends a class that is taught by Ms. Perez, who is fluent in both English and Spanish. The class is taught using some of each language, but relying on Spanish to explain complex ideas. Annette is learning through which approach?
A) bilingual education approach
B) total immersion approach
C) English as a Second Language (ESL)
D) two-way bilingual education

Accepted Answer

The class is taught using both English and Spanish, with a reliance on Spanish to explain complex ideas, which aligns with the bilingual education approach. This approach involves teaching academic content in two languages, both the student's native language and a second language, with varying amounts of each language used in accordance with the program model.

Question 8

Hadia is not a native speaker of English. She attends a class that uses only English for all instruction. Hadia is learning English through which approach?
A) bilingual
B) total immersion
C) English as a Second Language (ESL)
D) two-way bilingual

Accepted Answer

Total immersion is an approach where a non-native speaker is placed in an environment where only the target language (in this case, English) is used for all instruction and communication, facilitating rapid language acquisition.

Question 9

Barbara attends a school that teaches all subjects in both English and French. Instruction is equally divided between the two languages. Barbara is learning language through which approach?
A) bilingual
B) total immersion
C) English as a Second Language (ESL)
D) two-way bilingual

Accepted Answer

The answer of Barbara attends a school that teaches all...

Question 10

Assessment instruments that attempt to measure abilities such as cognitive processing and achievement are called:
A) psychometric tests
B) psychotropic tests
C) instrumental tests
D) assessment variables

Accepted Answer

Psychometric tests are designed to measure mental capabilities and behavioral style, including cognitive processing and achievement.

Question 11

The scores of most standardized tests in the United States are based upon:
A) a mean of 85 and a standard deviation of 15
B) a mean of 95 and a standard deviation of 10
C) a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15
D) a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 15

Accepted Answer

The scores of most standardized tests in the United States, such as IQ tests, are based upon a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. This scaling allows for comparison across different populations and age groups.

Question 12

A multidisciplinary team assessment would be most appropriate for which of the following children?
A) Tamika, with a tested IQ of 129, who lives in a single-parent home and sometimes talks back to people of authority
B) Bo, with a tested IQ of 83, who lives in a foster home and has been skipping school
C) Shania, with a tested IQ of 85, who lives with both parents and is obese
D) Andrea, with a tested IQ of 95, who lives in a single-parent home in a neighborhood with a low socioeconomic level

Accepted Answer

Bo's situation involves multiple factors that could be affecting his educational and social development, including his living situation (foster care), behavior (skipping school), and cognitive abilities (tested IQ of 83). A multidisciplinary team assessment would be appropriate to address the complex interplay of educational, psychological, and social issues he faces.

Question 13

The heuristics that cut across the boundaries between intelligence and personality and that influence a person's preferred way of perceiving, remembering, and using information are called:
A) cognitive styles
B) learning curves
C) learning cues
D) cognitive cues

Accepted Answer

Cognitive styles refer to the preferred ways an individual processes information, which encompasses elements of both intelligence and personality. These styles influence how a person perceives, remembers, and uses information, distinguishing them from more general learning or cognitive processes.

Question 14

Mr. Barker believes that his students' capabilities can be made evident through more than a test grade. He requires each student to collect evidence of all the work they have done, including art work, projects they have made in shop class, and extracurricular activities, as well as class assignments. This work is put together in book form and then displayed for the school and parents. Students receive grades based upon this project. This is known as:
A) objective assessment
B) project method
C) portfolio assessment
D) assessment on demand

Accepted Answer

Portfolio assessment involves collecting evidence of a student's work over time, including various types of work such as projects, artwork, and extracurricular activities, to evaluate their capabilities beyond traditional tests. This method aligns with Mr. Barker's approach.

Question 15

12-year-old John has an IQ of 60. He is not able to perform daily living skills independently and lacks communication and social skills. John would most likely be classified as having:
A) a learning disability
B) functional deficits
C) an intellectual disability
D) social deficits

Accepted Answer

The answer of 12-year-old John has an IQ of 60....

Question 16

The determination of the severity of an intellectual disability or cognitive limitation is based upon:
A) observed behaviors
B) scores from IQ tests
C) physical appearance
D) genetic impairments

Accepted Answer

The answer of The determination of the severity of an...

Question 17

Warren has an IQ of 102 but has difficulty using spoken and written language. His mathematical abilities are above average. Warren would most likely be classified as having:
A) a learning disability
B) functional deficits
C) mental retardation
D) social deficits

Accepted Answer

Warren's difficulty with spoken and written language, despite having an average IQ and above-average mathematical abilities, suggests a learning disability, specifically in the area of language. This does not imply mental retardation, functional deficits in a broad sense, or social deficits directly.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true concerning learning disabilities?
A) Learning disabilities affect children but do not affect adults.
B) A learning disability will have no affect on an individual's career capabilities.
C) A person with a learning disability will likely have normal intelligence.
D) To be considered a learning disability, it must be diagnosed before the age of 18.

Accepted Answer

Learning disabilities often do not impact general intelligence. Individuals with learning disabilities typically have normal or above-average intelligence but may have difficulties in specific areas of learning.

Question 19

Joan has trouble reading. Sometimes the letters get mixed up so that it looks to Joan like a completely different word. She has difficulty with written tests but performs quite well on oral tests. Joan's learning disability is most likely:
A) dysgraphia
B) dyscalculia
C) dyslexia
D) ADHD

Accepted Answer

Joan's symptoms of mixing up letters and having difficulty reading, but performing well orally, are characteristic of dyslexia. Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty in reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words.

Question 20

Raymond is impulsive, cannot follow directions, and finds it difficult to wait his turn for outdoor activities. He frequently leaves his assignments before he is finished to pursue some other activity. Raymond's disability is most likely:
A) dyslexia
B) dysgraphia
C) ADHD
D) dyscalculia

Accepted Answer

Raymond's symptoms of impulsivity, difficulty in following directions, inability to wait his turn, and leaving assignments unfinished are characteristic of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), not dyslexia, dysgraphia, or dyscalculia, which are learning disorders affecting reading, writing, and math skills, respectively.

Quiz 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Based on the following description of her neighbor, how old would you guess Taylor to be? "She has a big cat and she lets me play with him. I like her because she gives me candy and lets me see what is growing in her garden. She has dark hair and glasses."

At about what age do children come to recognize certain regularities or unchanging qualities in the inner dispositions and behaviors of individuals?

Children in the concrete operations stage:

When Nadine talks to her principal, she uses a different tone of voice than she does when she talks to her friends in the playground. This is an example of:

Byram was not born in the United States and his native language is not English. He has difficulty participating fully in school because he does not speak, read, write, or understand English. At this point Byram could be classified as:

Each day Alexi attends a separate class to learn English. The class is an all-day intensive English language class. Alexi is learning the language through which approach?

Annette, a native speaker of Spanish, attends a class that is taught by Ms. Perez, who is fluent in both English and Spanish. The class is taught using some of each language, but relying on Spanish to explain complex ideas. Annette is learning through which approach?

Hadia is not a native speaker of English. She attends a class that uses only English for all instruction. Hadia is learning English through which approach?

Barbara attends a school that teaches all subjects in both English and French. Instruction is equally divided between the two languages. Barbara is learning language through which approach?

Assessment instruments that attempt to measure abilities such as cognitive processing and achievement are called:

The scores of most standardized tests in the United States are based upon:

A multidisciplinary team assessment would be most appropriate for which of the following children?

The heuristics that cut across the boundaries between intelligence and personality and that influence a person's preferred way of perceiving, remembering, and using information are called:

12-year-old John has an IQ of 60. He is not able to perform daily living skills independently and lacks communication and social skills. John would most likely be classified as having:

The determination of the severity of an intellectual disability or cognitive limitation is based upon:

Warren has an IQ of 102 but has difficulty using spoken and written language. His mathematical abilities are above average. Warren would most likely be classified as having:

Which of the following statements is true concerning learning disabilities?

Joan has trouble reading. Sometimes the letters get mixed up so that it looks to Joan like a completely different word. She has difficulty with written tests but performs quite well on oral tests. Joan's learning disability is most likely:

Raymond is impulsive, cannot follow directions, and finds it difficult to wait his turn for outdoor activities. He frequently leaves his assignments before he is finished to pursue some other activity. Raymond's disability is most likely: