Question 1

Herrnstein and Loveland (1964) trained the pecking pigeon people peepers. These birds reliably pecked pictures containing people and did not peck pictures containing no people. What is this an example of?
A) an errorless discrimination procedure
B) a fading procedure
C) conceptual stimulus control
D) response differentiation

Accepted Answer

This is an example of conceptual stimulus control because the pigeons learned to respond to the concept of "people" in pictures, showing they could generalize across various instances of people while discriminating against pictures without people.

Question 2

We would use shaping to maintain responses already made by the organism.

Accepted Answer

Shaping is used to establish a new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations toward the desired behavior, not to maintain responses already made by the organism. Maintenance of a behavior typically involves reinforcement strategies that ensure the behavior continues once it has been established.

Question 3

B. F. Skinner was the first psychologist to bring introspection into the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

B. F. Skinner was actually known for his rejection of introspection as a reliable method for studying human behavior. He believed that observable behaviors should be the focus of study in psychology, leading to the development of behaviorism.

Question 4

One advantage of working with pigeons in the Skinner box was that it was easier to get subjective measures there.

Accepted Answer

The use of pigeons in the Skinner box allowed for very precise and objective measures of behavior, but subjective measures were not easily obtained.

Question 5

Whenever Rod sees his Uncle Ben, he smiles and says "Candy, please." Uncle Ben always gives him a Lifesaver. However, Uncle Jim, the dentist, will not give Rod candy when he asks for it. So eventually Rod only asks for candy from Ben, and not from Jim. This is an example of ____.
A) stimulus generalization
B) stimulus discrimination (control)
C) stimulus class
D) stimulus dimensions

Accepted Answer

This is an example of stimulus discrimination, as Rod has learned to respond differently to the stimulus of asking for candy based on which person he is interacting with. He has discriminated between the two stimuli (Uncle Ben vs. Uncle Jim) and learned that asking Uncle Ben for candy results in a positive outcome, while asking Uncle Jim does not.

Question 6

In the previous example, Uncle Ben functions as a/an _____ for asking for Candy, while Uncle Jim functions as an _____ for asking for candy. (Note: Order is important and you need to pick two, write answers on the line.) A) stimulus class B) S^D C) S^Δ D) stimulus dimension

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the previous example, Uncle Ben functions...

Question 7

A fading procedure involves a gradual change in the response.

Accepted Answer

A fading procedure involves a gradual change in the stimulus, not the response, to shape behavior.

Question 8

Which pair of stimuli will probably produce the most stimulus generalization in the behavior of an observer.
A) regular sisters
B) twin sisters
C) the mother and father

Accepted Answer

Twin sisters have very similar physical and behavioral characteristics, making it highly likely for an observer to generalize their behaviors and responses to both twins. This is because their genetic makeup and environmental factors are highly similar. In contrast, regular sisters may have more differences in their physical appearance and behaviors, leading to less generalization. The mother and father are different individuals with unique characteristics, making it less likely for an observer to generalize their behaviors and responses.

Question 9

Which of the following gradients shows complete stimulus discrimination?
A)

B)

C)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following gradients shows complete...

Question 10

Which of the following gradients show NO stimulus generalization? A) B) C)

Accepted Answer

The gradient in C has a clear boundary between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and non-conditioned stimulus (NCS), indicating no stimulus generalization. The gradients in A and B both show some overlap between the CS and NCS, indicating some degree of stimulus generalization.

Question 11

Which of the following gradients show partial stimulus discrimination?
A)

B)

C)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following gradients show partial...

Question 12

Which of the following gradients show NO stimulus discrimination? A) B) C)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following gradients show <b>NO...

Question 13

Conceptual control works only for human beings.

Accepted Answer

Conceptual control can apply to both human beings and machines, as it involves the use of concepts, rules, or algorithms to guide actions or processes, not limited to human cognition.

Question 14

Red triangles are a stimulus ____.
A) class
B) dimension

Accepted Answer

A stimulus class is a group of stimuli that share specified common elements or features. Red triangles, sharing the common features of being red and triangular, would constitute a stimulus class based on those shared characteristics.

Question 15

The intensity of the light is a stimulus ____.
A) class
B) dimension

Accepted Answer

The intensity of the light is considered a dimension of the stimulus, as it quantifies a specific aspect of the stimulus' properties, such as its brightness or strength.

Question 16

The force of the rat's lever press is a ____ dimension.
A) response
B) stimulus

Accepted Answer

The force of the lever press is a measure of the rat's response to the stimulus of the lever, indicating how hard the rat is pushing down on the lever. Therefore, it is best categorized as a response dimension.

Question 17

When observers report on their own private inner experiences or stimuli, this is an example of a(n) ____ measure.
A) Objective
B) Subjective

Accepted Answer

When observers report on their own private inner experiences or stimuli, it is a subjective measure as it is based on their own personal perceptions and feelings rather than objective facts.

Question 18

We know that conceptual stimulus control is occurring when ____.
A) The observer responds in a similar way to all stimuli in a stimulus class
B) The observer does not respond to stimuli outside of the stimulus class
C) Both A & B
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Conceptual stimulus control occurs when the observer responds in a similar way to all stimuli in a stimulus class (A) and does not respond to stimuli outside of the stimulus class (B). Therefore, the best choice is C, both A & B.

Question 19

The pigeons in the Guttman & Kalish (1956) generalization experiment pecked the key ____ frequently in the presence of colors that were more similar to the training color.
A) More
B) Less

Accepted Answer

In the Guttman & Kalish (1956) generalization experiment, the pigeons were trained to peck a key in the presence of a specific color. During the generalization phase, they were presented with colors that varied in similarity to the training color. The results showed that the pigeons pecked the key more frequently in the presence of colors that were more similar to the training color, indicating a gradient of generalization. Therefore, the correct answer is A, more.

Question 20

Match the following examples with the MOST applicable concept below.
-Down Beat magazine reports that Bobby Behavior, The Behavior-ettes, and The Circadian Rhythm Kings gets only a small fraction of the plays on Apple Music than do Ike and Tina Turner, The Ike-ettes, and The Kings of Rhythm.
A) Objective measure
B) Subjective measure
C) Stimulus generalization
D) Generalization gradient
E) Stimulus dimensions
F) Errorless discrimination procedure &/or Fading procedure
G) Matching to sample
H) Stimulus Class
I) Conceptual stimulus control (conceptual control)

Accepted Answer

Down Beat magazine's report is an objective measure because it is a quantifiable comparison between the number of plays received by the two sets of musical acts on Apple Music.

Quiz 15: Complex Stimulus Control

Herrnstein and Loveland (1964) trained the pecking pigeon people peepers. These birds reliably pecked pictures containing people and did not peck pictures containing no people. What is this an example of?

We would use shaping to maintain responses already made by the organism.

B. F. Skinner was the first psychologist to bring introspection into the laboratory.

One advantage of working with pigeons in the Skinner box was that it was easier to get subjective measures there.

Whenever Rod sees his Uncle Ben, he smiles and says "Candy, please." Uncle Ben always gives him a Lifesaver. However, Uncle Jim, the dentist, will not give Rod candy when he asks for it. So eventually Rod only asks for candy from Ben, and not from Jim. This is an example of ____.

In the previous example, Uncle Ben functions as a/an _ for asking for Candy, while Uncle Jim functions as an _ for asking for candy. (Note: Order is important and you need to pick two, write answers on the line.)

A fading procedure involves a gradual change in the response.

Which pair of stimuli will probably produce the most stimulus generalization in the behavior of an observer.

Which of the following gradients shows complete stimulus discrimination?

Which of the following gradients show NO stimulus generalization?

Which of the following gradients show partial stimulus discrimination?

Which of the following gradients show NO stimulus discrimination?

Conceptual control works only for human beings.

Red triangles are a stimulus ____.

The intensity of the light is a stimulus ____.

The force of the rat's lever press is a ____ dimension.

When observers report on their own private inner experiences or stimuli, this is an example of a(n) ____ measure.

We know that conceptual stimulus control is occurring when ____.

The pigeons in the Guttman & Kalish (1956) generalization experiment pecked the key ____ frequently in the presence of colors that were more similar to the training color.

Match the following examples with the MOST applicable concept below. -Down Beat magazine reports that Bobby Behavior, The Behavior-ettes, and The Circadian Rhythm Kings gets only a small fraction of the plays on Apple Music than do Ike and Tina Turner, The Ike-ettes, and The Kings of Rhythm.