Question 1

Self-efficacy is similar to self-esteem as both reflect how we feel about ourselves.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to one's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, while self-esteem is a broader concept that reflects how much value people place on themselves or how much they like themselves.

Question 2

When people fail for uncontrollable reasons, they experience shame.

Accepted Answer

When people fail for reasons beyond their control, they may experience shame because they feel responsible for the failure even though it was not their fault.

Question 3

Effort is an internal and controllable attribution.

Accepted Answer

Effort is considered an internal attribution because it is something that can be controlled by the individual. It is not influenced by external factors, such as luck or chance.

Question 4

Effort and ability are the two most common academic attributions.

Accepted Answer

Effort and ability are indeed the two most commonly cited attributions in academic settings, with students often attributing their success or failure to their own effort or ability.

Question 5

Internal and controllable attributions are the most adaptive.

Accepted Answer

Internal attributions refer to explanations that relate to personal factors such as one's abilities or efforts, while controllable attributions refer to factors that can be influenced or controlled. These types of attributions are adaptive because they promote a sense of control and motivate individuals to take action to improve their circumstances.

Question 6

Boredom is an internal and uncontrollable attribution.

Accepted Answer

Boredom is an internal state, but it is not entirely uncontrollable. Individuals can take steps to manage or mitigate their feelings of boredom through various activities or changes in mindset.

Question 7

Help-seeking is an external and controllable attribution.

Accepted Answer

Help-seeking is considered an external attribution because it involves seeking assistance from outside sources, and it is controllable because individuals have the ability to choose whether or not to seek help.

Question 8

Read the following statements. Write M if the statement is an example of a mastery orientation or P if it is an example of a performance orientation.
-"I can see my improvement in this class and it's encouraging me to keep going."

Accepted Answer

The statement focuses on the mastery orientation as the student is motivated by their own improvement and growth. They are not comparing their performance to others, which is a trait of performance orientation.

Question 9

Read the following statements. Write M if the statement is an example of a mastery orientation or P if it is an example of a performance orientation.
-"I thought I did well on my paper, but then I saw that Jim got a higher score than I did."

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of a performance orientation because the individual is comparing themselves to others and measuring their success based on being better than others rather than focusing on their own growth and improvement (mastery orientation).

Question 10

Read the following statements. Write M if the statement is an example of a mastery orientation or P if it is an example of a performance orientation.
-"It's important for me to do better than my friends and classmates."

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of a performance orientation because the focus is on doing better than others rather than improving oneself.

Question 11

Read the following statements. Write M if the statement is an example of a mastery orientation or P if it is an example of a performance orientation.
-"I'm creating representations to make sense of this material, so I can learn it well."

Accepted Answer

The statement shows a focus on understanding and learning the material well, indicating a mastery orientation.

Question 12

Read the following statements. Write M if the statement is an example of a mastery orientation or P if it is an example of a performance orientation.
-"I may have gotten a lower score than my last exam, but at least I scored higher than everyone else."

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of a performance orientation, as the focus is on outperforming others rather than improving or mastering the material.

Question 13

Read the following statements. Write M if the statement is an example of a mastery orientation or P if it is an example of a performance orientation.
-"I enjoy finding extra material to read for this course.
"

Accepted Answer

Enjoying finding extra material to read for a course is a characteristic of a mastery orientation, as it reflects a desire to improve one's knowledge and skills, rather than simply earning a good grade.

Question 14

How can fear of failure influence a student's motivation and behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can fear of failure influence a...

Question 15

Explain the key differences between self-efficacy and self-worth.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Define and explain social persuasion and vicarious experiences.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Explain stereotype threat. List and explain two strategies that have been proven helpful in reducing stereotype threat.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Explain the relationship between stereotype threat and the information-processing system.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Which type of goal orientation is more adaptive to learning? Explain.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Explain 2 sociocultural factors that may cause adversity for a minority student who is the first in her family to attend college.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 2: Understanding Motivation