Question 1

Discuss the historical origins of modern diagnostic systems and the development of the
DSM system.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Behavioral observation is limited to measuring overt behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral observation is focused solely on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes or subjective experiences. Therefore, it is limited to measuring only overt behaviors that can be seen or heard by an observer.

Question 3

Describe three major changes to the DSM-5, including new disorders and existing disorders reclassified under new diagnostic labels.

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Question 4

The reliability and validity of projective tests has proven to be quite high.

Accepted Answer

The reliability and validity of projective tests have been a topic of debate among psychologists. While some argue that they can provide valuable insights and are reliable and valid, others claim that they lack scientific rigor and are subject to interpretation bias. Overall, the evidence suggests that projective tests have lower reliability and validity compared to objective tests.

Question 5

Modern imaging techniques allow us to see inside the brain without surgery.

Accepted Answer

Modern imaging techniques such as MRI, CT, PET and fMRI allow us to see inside the brain without surgery.

Question 6

Name three or more culture-bound syndromes and discuss their features.

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Question 7

In an fMRI study, when cocaine-addicted subjects experienced cocaine cravings, their brains showed
greater activity in areas that become engaged when healthy subjects watched depressing videotapes.

Accepted Answer

The brain regions activated during cocaine cravings in addicted individuals overlap with those activated during emotional distress, such as when watching depressing content.

Question 8

Behavioral diaries can help clients increase desirable, but low-frequency behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral diaries are a helpful tool in increasing desirable but low-frequency behaviors by keeping track of behavior patterns and allowing clients to work on increasing these behaviors over time.

Question 9

In self-monitoring, the client assumes primary responsibility for assessing the problem
behavior.

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring involves the client taking responsibility for closely observing and assessing their own behavior, including identifying problem behaviors and gathering data on them. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 10

Research evidence indicates that the MMPI-2 is biased against African Americans in ways
that cause them to be overdiagnosed with certain mental disorders.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the MMPI-2, while not perfect, has been adapted and revised to reduce cultural biases, and extensive studies have not conclusively proven that it is biased against African Americans in ways that lead to systematic overdiagnosis of certain mental disorders.

Question 11

Assessment techniques that are valid and reliable in one culture may not be so in another.

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences can impact how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to assessment tools. As a result, it is important to consider cultural factors when selecting and administering assessment techniques. Tests that are valid and reliable in one culture may not be so in another, and it is necessary to adapt or modify the assessment tools to ensure their appropriateness and accuracy for individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

Question 12

Describe the major changes in the DSM-5 compared to that of the multiaxial system of the DSM-IV. Why did the DSM-5 emphasize a dimensional component of assessment and diagnosis, and how does the DSM-5 attempt to accomplish this goal?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Neuropsychological tests attempt to reveal brain dysfunctions without surgical procedures.

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychological tests are non-invasive and attempt to assess cognitive, perceptual, and motor deficits associated with brain dysfunction. They do not involve surgery.

Question 14

The CT scan reveals abnormalities in brain shape and structure that may be suggestive of lesions, blood
clots, or tumors.

Accepted Answer

The CT scan is a medical imaging technique that can reveal abnormalities in the brain's shape and structure, which may indicate the presence of lesions, blood clots, or tumors.

Question 15

Explain three approaches to demonstrating the reliability of methods of assessment.

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Question 16

Describe four main points of controversy in the development of the DSM-5.

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Question 17

Summarize the criticisms of the use of a categorical model of diagnosis. What do behaviorally oriented psychologists feel should be the focus in understanding abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Cognitive assessment techniques are used most frequently by Gestalt therapists.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy typically focuses on present experiences and awareness rather than cognitive assessments. Techniques such as exploring emotions, body sensations, and dialogues with parts of oneself are more commonly used in Gestalt therapy.

Question 19

One of the most popular example of an analogue measure is the Behavioral Rating Scale.

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Question 20

Define the concept of "mental disorders" in the DSM system and explain how the
diagnostic system adheres to the medical model.

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Quiz 3: Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior

Discuss the historical origins of modern diagnostic systems and the development of the DSM system.