Question 1

Which of the following food sources contains probiotics?
A) cottage cheese
B) barley
C) rye
D) leek
E) garlic

Accepted Answer

Cottage cheese can contain live and active cultures of probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum.

Question 2

Refined grain flours must be fortified with _____.
A) vitamin C
B) iodine
C) dietary fiber
D) vitamin A
E) folic acid

Accepted Answer

Refined grain flours are stripped of many important nutrients, including folic acid. Fortifying these flours with folic acid can help prevent birth defects and support overall health.

Question 3

Which term refers to the science of measuring the human body and its various parts?
A) anencephaly
B) anatomy
C) atherosclerosis
D) anthropometry
E) amylophagia

Accepted Answer

Anthropometry is the science of measuring the human body and its various parts, including height, weight, and body measurements. Anencephaly refers to a birth defect in which a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull. Anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of living organisms. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. Amylophagia refers to the consumption of excessive amounts of starch.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of oxidative stress?
A) It is a brain disease that represents the most common form of dementia and is characterized by memory loss.
B) It is the first response of the body's immune system to infectious agents, toxins, or irritants.
C) It is a condition that occurs when cells are exposed to more oxidizing molecules than to antioxidant molecules that neutralize them.
D) It is a disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose.
E) It is an event that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures or becomes blocked.

Accepted Answer

Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals (oxidizing molecules) and antioxidants in the body. If cells are exposed to more free radicals than antioxidants, it can cause damage to cell structure and even DNA, leading to various diseases and aging processes. It is not a brain disease, immune response, galactose disorder, or stroke.

Question 5

Which nutrient is considered nonessential?
A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) cholesterol
D) potassium
E) vitamin E

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is considered a nonessential nutrient because the body can produce it on its own. However, consuming too much cholesterol from food sources can lead to health problems, such as heart disease.

Question 6

A person who consumes excessive amounts of alcohol is at the risk of developing _____.
A) cirrhosis of the liver
B) iron-deficiency anemia
C) gum disease
D) osteoporosis
E) oxidative stress

Accepted Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage and eventually cirrhosis of the liver, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by an insufficient amount of iron in the body, and is not typically associated with alcohol consumption. Gum disease and osteoporosis can be caused by a variety of factors, and while excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to oxidative stress, it is not the primary cause.

Question 7

Which term refers to the interactive method for collecting dietary information that utilizes repeated use of questions to improve the accuracy of information provided by interviewees about the food they ate the previous day?
A) diet narrative
B) anthropometrics
C) quantitative testing
D) multiple pass
E) 24-hour recall

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to the interactive method for collecting dietary information that utilizes repeated use of questions to improve the accuracy of information provided by interviewees about the food they ate the previous day is multiple pass.

Question 8

Identify the disorder that is characterized by high levels of the amino acid phenylalanine present in the blood and can lead to intellectual disabilities and poor growth.
A) hemochromatosis
B) galactosemia
C) diabetes
D) hypertension
E) phenylketonuria

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria, or PKU, is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine, leading to high levels of the amino acid in the blood. This can cause intellectual disabilities and poor growth if left untreated. Hemochromatosis is a disorder of iron metabolism, galactosemia is a disorder of galactose metabolism, diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar regulation, and hypertension is a condition characterized by high blood pressure.

Question 9

Fiberlike forms of indigestible carbohydrates that support the growth of beneficial bacteria in the lower intestine are called _____.
A) minerals
B) refined elements
C) probiotics
D) prebiotics
E) antibiotics

Accepted Answer

Fiberlike forms of indigestible carbohydrates that support the growth of beneficial bacteria in the lower intestine are called prebiotics. Minerals are essential nutrients required in small amounts by the body for various functions. Refined elements are extracted from natural sources and purified for use in various industries. Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial for gut health. Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections.

Question 10

Which of the following vitamins should be consumed in low quantities by a person who suffers from hemochromatosis?
A) thiamin
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin C
E) biotin

Accepted Answer

Hemochromatosis is a condition where the body absorbs too much iron from food which can lead to iron overload. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron, so it should be consumed in low quantities by a person who suffers from hemochromatosis. Thiamin (A), vitamin A (B), vitamin D (C), and biotin (E) do not have any known interactions or effects on iron absorption in the body.

Question 11

$\text {Nutrition Facts}$
$\text {Serving Size {1} / 4 {cup}(40 g) }$
$\text {Amount Per Serving}$
$\text {Calories 170}$$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\text { Calories from Fat } 45$
$\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{|l}
\hline\
\hline \text { Total Fat } 5 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Saturated Fat } 0.5 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Trans Fat } 0 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Cholesterol } 0 \mathrm{mg} \
\hline \text { Sodium } 10 \mathrm{mg} \
\hline \text { Potassium } 310 \mathrm{mg} \
\hline \text { Total Carbohydrate } 31 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Dietary Fiber } 2 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Sugars } 29 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Protein } 1 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Vitamin } \mathrm{A} 0 \% \
\hline \text { Calcium } 2 \% \
\hline 
\end{array}
\begin{array}{r|}
\hline\text { \% Daily Value *}\
\hline5\%\
\hline3 \%\
\hline\
\hline0\%\
\hline0\%\
\hline9\%\
\hline10\%\
\hline\
\hline\
\hline2\%\
\hline\text { Iron 6\%}\
\hline\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{array}$
 What is the percent of calories obtained from fat?
A) 3%
B) 16%
C) 26%
D) 35%
E) 45%

Accepted Answer

To calculate the percent of calories from fat, divide the calories from fat by the total calories and multiply by 100. Here, $ \frac{45}{170} \times 100 = 26.47\%$, which rounds to 26%.

Question 12

Which among the following are water-soluble vitamins?
A) vitamins A, D, E, and K
B) vitamins A and C
C) vitamins B-complex and C
D) vitamins B-complex and K
E) vitamins A, B-complex, and E

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body in significant amounts. These include B-complex vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) and vitamin C.

Question 13

Foods permitted for consumption according to Islamic dietary laws _____.
A) are called kosher foods
B) are called halal foods
C) include alcoholic beverages
D) do not include meats
E) include pork

Accepted Answer

Foods permitted for consumption according to Islamic dietary laws are called halal foods. They do not include alcoholic beverages or pork, and meats must be slaughtered and prepared in a specific way to be considered halal. The term kosher refers specifically to foods that are prepared according to Jewish dietary laws.

Question 14

Which among the following are fat-soluble vitamins?
A) vitamins A, D, E, and K
B) vitamins A and C
C) vitamins B-complex and C
D) vitamins B-complex and K
E) vitamins A, B-complex, and E

Accepted Answer

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they are soluble in fat and can be stored in the body's fatty tissues for future use. The other options listed contain water-soluble vitamins that are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly.

Question 15

$\text {Nutrition Facts}$
$\text {Serving Size {1} / 4 {cup}(40 g) }$
$\text {Amount Per Serving}$
$\text {Calories 170}$$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\text { Calories from Fat } 45$
$\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{|l}
\hline\
\hline \text { Total Fat } 5 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Saturated Fat } 0.5 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Trans Fat } 0 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Cholesterol } 0 \mathrm{mg} \
\hline \text { Sodium } 10 \mathrm{mg} \
\hline \text { Potassium } 310 \mathrm{mg} \
\hline \text { Total Carbohydrate } 31 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Dietary Fiber } 2 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Sugars } 29 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Protein } 1 \mathrm{~g} \
\hline \text { Vitamin } \mathrm{A} 0 \% \
\hline \text { Calcium } 2 \% \
\hline 
\end{array}
\begin{array}{r|}
\hline\text { \% Daily Value *}\
\hline5\%\
\hline3 \%\
\hline\
\hline0\%\
\hline0\%\
\hline9\%\
\hline10\%\
\hline\
\hline\
\hline2\%\
\hline\text { Iron 6\%}\
\hline\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{array}$
 Which mandatory nutrient is missing from the food label?
A) unsaturated fats
B) simple sugars
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin K
E) biotin

Accepted Answer

The mandatory nutrient missing from the food label is vitamin C. The label does not list the percent daily value of vitamin C, which is a required nutrient to be listed on the label. However, it is important to note that this does not necessarily mean that the food does not contain any vitamin C. It may just be present in such small amounts that it does not meet the criteria for inclusion on the label.

Question 16

By law, milk must be fortified with _____.
A) vitamin D
B) vitamin C
C) calcium
D) iodine
E) folic acid

Accepted Answer

Milk is fortified with vitamin D by law in many countries, as it is an essential nutrient that helps with the absorption of calcium and supports bone health.

Question 17

Which food item can be labeled as "enriched"?
A) juice
B) milk
C) bread
D) candy
E) apples

Accepted Answer

Bread can be labeled as "enriched" because it is often fortified with extra nutrients such as iron and folic acid during the production process. Juice, candy, and apples are not typically enriched, and while milk can be fortified with vitamin D, it is not usually referred to as "enriched."

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?
A) Prebiotics are strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria that have beneficial effects on the body.
B) Cottage cheese, kefir, buttermilk, and miso are sources of prebiotics.
C) Intake of probiotics causes diarrhea and other infections in the gastrointestinal tract.
D) The breakdown products of prebiotics foster the growth of beneficial bacteria.
E) Probiotics are fiberlike forms of indigestible carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

The breakdown products of prebiotics, such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and inulin, are not digested in the small intestine and can selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the colon, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Therefore, D is the correct answer. A is incorrect because prebiotics are not strains of bacteria, but rather substrates that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. B is incorrect because cottage cheese, kefir, buttermilk, and miso are sources of probiotics, not prebiotics. C is incorrect because probiotics should not cause infections or diarrhea if taken properly. E is incorrect because probiotics are live bacteria that can provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.

Question 19

The balance of fluids, nutrients, gases, temperature, and other conditions needed to ensure proper functioning of cells is known as _____.
A) regulation
B) homeostasis
C) energy balance
D) cellular respiration
E) metabolism

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the balance of various factors in the body to maintain a stable internal environment necessary for cells to function properly. The other options relate to specific processes or functions within cells or the body, but do not encompass the overall balance required for homeostasis.

Question 20

Which of the following is caused by phylloquinone (vitamin K) deficiency?
A) abnormal bone growth
B) fishy body odor
C) excessive bleeding
D) impaired vision
E) infertility

Accepted Answer

Phylloquinone (vitamin K) is essential for blood clotting, so deficiency can cause excessive bleeding.

Quiz 1: Nutrition Basics

Which of the following food sources contains probiotics?

Refined grain flours must be fortified with _____.

Which term refers to the science of measuring the human body and its various parts?

Which of the following statements is true of oxidative stress?

Which nutrient is considered nonessential?

A person who consumes excessive amounts of alcohol is at the risk of developing _____.

Which term refers to the interactive method for collecting dietary information that utilizes repeated use of questions to improve the accuracy of information provided by interviewees about the food they ate the previous day?

Identify the disorder that is characterized by high levels of the amino acid phenylalanine present in the blood and can lead to intellectual disabilities and poor growth.

Fiberlike forms of indigestible carbohydrates that support the growth of beneficial bacteria in the lower intestine are called _____.

Which of the following vitamins should be consumed in low quantities by a person who suffers from hemochromatosis?

Which among the following are water-soluble vitamins?

Foods permitted for consumption according to Islamic dietary laws _____.

Which among the following are fat-soluble vitamins?

By law, milk must be fortified with _____.

Which food item can be labeled as "enriched"?

Which of the following statements is true?

The balance of fluids, nutrients, gases, temperature, and other conditions needed to ensure proper functioning of cells is known as _____.

Which of the following is caused by phylloquinone (vitamin K) deficiency?