Question 1

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause...

Question 2

The view that human development is controlled by a stable propensity or "master trait," present at birth or soon after, is known as_____ theory.
A) strain
B) social economic
C) age
D) latent trait

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theory suggests that human development is influenced by stable characteristics or propensities that are present from birth or develop shortly thereafter. These traits influence behavior throughout a person's life.

Question 3

Which is not more typical of early-onset girls compared to early-onset boys?
A) suicide
B) depression
C) substance abuse
D) relationship problems

Accepted Answer

Substance abuse is not more typical of early-onset girls compared to early-onset boys. In fact, early-onset boys are generally more likely to engage in substance abuse than girls.

Question 4

According to life course theories, over time an individuals' behaviors will:
A) stay the same.
B) get worse.
C) get better.
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Life course theories suggest that individuals' behaviors can change in various ways over time, including staying the same, getting worse, or getting better, depending on a wide range of factors such as personal choices, social influences, and environmental conditions.

Question 5

The branch of criminology that examines change in a criminal career over the life course is known as:
A) the social development model.
B) developmental criminology.
C) the general theory of crime.
D) social control theory.

Accepted Answer

Developmental criminology focuses on understanding how criminal behavior progresses or changes over a person's lifetime, examining factors that influence the start, continuation, and cessation of criminal activities.

Question 6

According to ______, crime is a type of social problem rather than the product of other problems.
A) personality syndrome
B) psychological syndrome
C) emotional syndrome
D) problem behavior syndrome

Accepted Answer

According to the concept of problem behavior syndrome, crime is viewed as a type of social problem itself, rather than merely the result of other social problems. This perspective suggests that criminal behavior is part of a larger pattern of problematic behaviors that are interrelated.

Question 7

The _________ pathway to crime begins with minor, underhanded behavior such as lying and shoplifting, which leads to property damage and later escalates to more serious forms of criminality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _________ pathway to crime begins with...

Question 8

According to latent trait theories, while the _____ to commit crime is stable, the opportunity to commit crime fluctuates over time.
A) desire
B) ability
C) motivation
D) propensity

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theories suggest that an individual's propensity, or natural inclination, to commit crime is a stable characteristic, while the opportunity to commit crime can vary over time.

Question 9

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime, the propensity to commit crime is tied directly to a person's level of __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory...

Question 10

Policy initiatives based on the premises of developmental theory tend to be _______ efforts designed to provide at-risk kids with personal, social, educational, and family services.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Policy initiatives based on the premises of...

Question 11

Critics of the general theory of crime claim that it is _________ or involves circular reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critics of the general theory of crime...

Question 12

What does research show to be a key factor in terms of the early onset of criminality?
A) personality disorders
B) racism
C) poor parental discipline
D) close peer relationships

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that poor parental discipline is a key factor in the early onset of criminality, as it can lead to the development of behaviors that are conducive to criminal activities.

Question 13

Which is not an antisocial behavior that problem behavior syndrome suggests affects the likelihood of criminal behavior?
A) unemployment
B) free will
C) family dysfunction
D) abuses

Accepted Answer

Problem behavior syndrome suggests that various factors such as unemployment, family dysfunction, and abuses are linked to the likelihood of criminal behavior, but free will is not considered an antisocial behavior within this context.

Question 14

__________________ and Richard Herrnstein published Crime and Human Nature in 1985 and suggested that personal traits such as genetic makeup, intelligence, and body build may outweigh the importance of social variables as predictors of criminal activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________ and Richard Herrnstein published Crime and...

Question 15

Most young offenders follow one of two paths. "Typical teenagers" who get into minor scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with their friends are considered to be __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most young offenders follow one of two...

Question 16

A development theory that modifies social control theory by integrating concepts from biosocial, psychological, routine activities, and rational choice theories is the ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A development theory that modifies social control...

Question 17

The __________________ pathway to crime begins at an early age with stubborn behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________________ pathway to crime begins at...

Question 18

The foundation of developmental theory can be traced to _______, who researched the life cycle of delinquent careers in the 1930s.
A) Marvin Wolfgang
B) Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck
C) Rolf Loeber
D) Sampson and Laub

Accepted Answer

Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck conducted pioneering research on the development of delinquent and criminal careers, significantly contributing to the foundation of developmental theory in criminology during the 1930s.

Question 19

__________________are a small group of offenders who begin their career at an early age and then continue to offend well into adulthood. For this group, the seeds of crime persistence are planted early in life and may combine the effects of abnormal traits, such as neurological deficits, with severe family dysfunction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________are a small group of offenders who...

Question 20

The view that criminality is a dynamic process influenced by a multitude of individual characteristics, traits, and social experiences is known as:
A) the social development model.
B) life course theory.
C) interactional theory.
D) human nature theory.

Accepted Answer

Life course theory suggests that criminal behavior is influenced by a variety of factors throughout an individual's life, including personal characteristics, experiences, and social environments. This perspective views criminality as a dynamic process that can change over time.

Quiz 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Latent Trait, and Trajectory

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate _________.

The view that human development is controlled by a stable propensity or "master trait," present at birth or soon after, is known as_____ theory.

Which is not more typical of early-onset girls compared to early-onset boys?

According to life course theories, over time an individuals' behaviors will:

The branch of criminology that examines change in a criminal career over the life course is known as:

According to ______, crime is a type of social problem rather than the product of other problems.

The _________ pathway to crime begins with minor, underhanded behavior such as lying and shoplifting, which leads to property damage and later escalates to more serious forms of criminality.

According to latent trait theories, while the _____ to commit crime is stable, the opportunity to commit crime fluctuates over time.

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime, the propensity to commit crime is tied directly to a person's level of __________________.

Policy initiatives based on the premises of developmental theory tend to be _______ efforts designed to provide at-risk kids with personal, social, educational, and family services.

Critics of the general theory of crime claim that it is _________ or involves circular reasoning.

What does research show to be a key factor in terms of the early onset of criminality?

Which is not an antisocial behavior that problem behavior syndrome suggests affects the likelihood of criminal behavior?

__________________ and Richard Herrnstein published Crime and Human Nature in 1985 and suggested that personal traits such as genetic makeup, intelligence, and body build may outweigh the importance of social variables as predictors of criminal activity.

Most young offenders follow one of two paths. "Typical teenagers" who get into minor scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with their friends are considered to be __________________.

A development theory that modifies social control theory by integrating concepts from biosocial, psychological, routine activities, and rational choice theories is the ___________.

The __________________ pathway to crime begins at an early age with stubborn behavior.

The foundation of developmental theory can be traced to _______, who researched the life cycle of delinquent careers in the 1930s.

The view that criminality is a dynamic process influenced by a multitude of individual characteristics, traits, and social experiences is known as: