Question 1

The onset of the menstrual cycle triggers excessive amounts of female sex hormones, which affect antisocial, aggressive behavior. This condition is commonly referred to as:
A) premenstrual syndrome.
B) paranoia.
C) postpartum depression.
D) bipolar disorder.

Accepted Answer

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the correct answer because it refers to the physical and emotional symptoms that some women experience before their menstrual cycle begins, which can include mood swings and aggressive behavior.

Question 2

Henry Goddard, Richard Dugdale, and Arthur Estabrook were advocates of which school of thought?
A) rational choice
B) inheritance school
C) Chicago school
D) primitive school

Accepted Answer

Henry Goddard, Richard Dugdale, and Arthur Estabrook were key figures in the eugenics movement, which is closely related to the inheritance school of thought. This school focused on the belief that many human traits, including intelligence and moral character, were inherited and advocated for selective breeding to improve the human race.

Question 3

Explosive rage disorder is considered an important cause of spouse and child abuse, suicide, aggressiveness, and motiveless homicide. This disorder is a type of:
A) cerebral allergy.
B) minimal brain dysfunction.
C) hormonal imbalance.
D) neurotransmitter disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explosive rage disorder is considered an important...

Question 4

The study of brain activity is called:
A) criminology.
B) anatomology.
C) coprology.
D) neurophysiology.

Accepted Answer

Neurophysiology is the branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system, including the brain.

Question 5

Neurological deficits may interact with another trait or social condition to produce antisocial behaviors. Research conducted by Raine found that children who had experienced birth complications and who then experienced ______ were more likely to engage in criminal offending than children who did not experience these factors.
A) paternal rejection
B) maternal rejection
C) bullying at school
D) peer pressure

Accepted Answer

Research by Raine indicated that children who had experienced birth complications followed by maternal rejection were more likely to engage in criminal offending than those who did not experience these factors. This highlights the interaction between biological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors in the development of antisocial behavior.

Question 6

The condition that occurs when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning is known as:
A) glycemic disorder.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) glycogen deficiency.
D) glucose intolerance.

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia is the condition characterized by abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood, leading to insufficient energy for normal brain function.

Question 7

It has been argued that declining levels of which hormone help to explain the aging-out process?
A) estrogen
B) serotonin
C) testosterone
D) progesterone

Accepted Answer

Testosterone levels decline with age in men, which has been associated with various aspects of the aging process, including decreases in muscle mass, energy, and libido. This hormonal change is part of what some researchers refer to when discussing the "aging-out" process.

Question 8

Androgens affect the brain structure in the left hemisphere of the:
A) neocortex.
B) frontal lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) thought cortex.

Accepted Answer

Androgens, such as testosterone, have been shown to influence the development and structure of the neocortex, which is part of the cerebral cortex involved in higher-order brain functions.

Question 9

Some researches feel that what appears to be a genetic effect, evidenced in twin research, is actually the effect of sibling influence on criminality. This is referred to as the _____ effect.
A) twin
B) contagion
C) proximity
D) immediacy

Accepted Answer

The correct term is the "contagion" effect, which suggests that behaviors (including criminal behaviors) can spread among individuals who are in close contact, such as siblings, through influence rather than genetic predisposition.

Question 10

The notion that some individuals may engage in crime because of the attraction of "getting away with it" is known as:
A) risk theory.
B) arousal theory.
C) thrill-seeking theory.
D) conduct disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The notion that some individuals may engage...

Question 11

____ cause an excessive reaction in the brain, whereas ____ affect the nervous system. Both are linked to mental, emotional, and behavioral problems.
A) Endo-allergies, neuroallergies
B) Neuroallergies, cerebral allergies
C) Cerebral allergies, neuroallergies
D) Neuroallergies, endo-allergies

Accepted Answer

Cerebral allergies cause an excessive reaction in the brain, while neuroallergies affect the nervous system. Both types of allergies can lead to various mental, emotional, and behavioral issues.

Question 12

What do studies of monozygatic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins indicate?
A) There is a significantly higher risk for suicidal behavior among MZ twin pairs than among DZ twin pairs.
B) MZ twin pairs who suffer child abuse are more likely to engage in antisocial activity than DZ twin pairs.
C) If one member of a twin pair was delinquent, so was the other, and the effect was greater for MZ twin pairs.
D) Studies indicate all these findings.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that if one member of a twin pair is delinquent, the other is more likely to be as well, with a stronger effect observed in monozygotic (MZ) twins compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins, suggesting a genetic influence on delinquent behavior.

Question 13

A number of environmental contaminants have been associated with emotional and behavioral disorders. Which of the following has been linked to aggressive behaviors on both a macro/national level and on a micro/individual level?
A) cadmium
B) lead
C) copper
D) zinc

Accepted Answer

Lead exposure has been linked to aggressive behaviors and various other cognitive and behavioral issues at both the macro/national level and micro/individual level, as evidenced by numerous studies and reports.

Question 14

A disorder in which a child shows a developmentally inappropriate lack of attention and excess impulsivity is known as:
A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
B) oppositional defiance disorder.
C) impulse dysfunctional disorder.
D) conduct disorder.

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

Question 15

(ADHD is often accompanied by which of the following?
A) Rule disorder
B) Low testosterone
C) High testosterone
D) Conduct disorder

Accepted Answer

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is frequently associated with conduct disorder, which involves a pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major societal norms. This can include aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules.

Question 16

The view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological and/or psychological traits is known as:
A) choice theory.
B) trait theory.
C) nature theory.
D) nurture theory.

Accepted Answer

Trait theory posits that criminal behavior is the result of distinct biological and psychological characteristics, distinguishing it from theories that focus on environmental or social factors.

Question 17

_____ occur(s) when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning.
A) Conduct disorder
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Cerebral allergies
D) ADHD

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels fall below the normal range, which can impair brain function and overall energy levels.

Question 18

The belief that no serious consideration should be given to biological factors when attempting to understand human nature is known as:
A) choice theory.
B) biophobia.
C) nature theory.
D) nurture theory.

Accepted Answer

Biophobia refers to a fear or aversion to the biological explanation of human nature, emphasizing that biological factors should not be seriously considered in understanding human nature.

Question 19

Biosocial theorists have evaluated the association between violent behavior episodes and hormone levels. Their findings suggest that abnormal levels of which male sex hormones influence the neocortex and have been linked to aggressive behavior?
A) androgens
B) glycogens
C) endorphins
D) endogens

Accepted Answer

Androgens, including testosterone, are male sex hormones that have been linked to aggressive behavior. Research in biosocial criminology suggests that abnormal levels of androgens can influence the brain, particularly areas like the neocortex, which is involved in higher-order brain functions including cognition and social behavior.

Question 20

Which statement pertaining to the link between lead and crime is inaccurate?
A) Lead ingestion is linked to lower IQ scores, a factor linked to aggressive behavior.
B) Criminologists have reported that areas with the highest concentration of lead also reported the highest levels of homicide.
C) Lead exposure is linked to mental illnesses, which have been linked to antisocial behaviors.
D) The average blood lead level has increased over the past decade.

Accepted Answer

The average blood lead level has actually decreased over the past decade due to increased regulations and efforts to remove lead from products like paint and gasoline.

Quiz 5: Trait Theories

The onset of the menstrual cycle triggers excessive amounts of female sex hormones, which affect antisocial, aggressive behavior. This condition is commonly referred to as:

Henry Goddard, Richard Dugdale, and Arthur Estabrook were advocates of which school of thought?

Explosive rage disorder is considered an important cause of spouse and child abuse, suicide, aggressiveness, and motiveless homicide. This disorder is a type of:

The study of brain activity is called:

The condition that occurs when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning is known as:

It has been argued that declining levels of which hormone help to explain the aging-out process?

Androgens affect the brain structure in the left hemisphere of the:

Some researches feel that what appears to be a genetic effect, evidenced in twin research, is actually the effect of sibling influence on criminality. This is referred to as the _____ effect.

The notion that some individuals may engage in crime because of the attraction of "getting away with it" is known as:

cause an excessive reaction in the brain, whereas affect the nervous system. Both are linked to mental, emotional, and behavioral problems.

What do studies of monozygatic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins indicate?

A number of environmental contaminants have been associated with emotional and behavioral disorders. Which of the following has been linked to aggressive behaviors on both a macro/national level and on a micro/individual level?

A disorder in which a child shows a developmentally inappropriate lack of attention and excess impulsivity is known as:

(ADHD is often accompanied by which of the following?

The view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological and/or psychological traits is known as:

_____ occur(s) when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning.

The belief that no serious consideration should be given to biological factors when attempting to understand human nature is known as:

Biosocial theorists have evaluated the association between violent behavior episodes and hormone levels. Their findings suggest that abnormal levels of which male sex hormones influence the neocortex and have been linked to aggressive behavior?

Which statement pertaining to the link between lead and crime is inaccurate?