Question 1

Kanzi usually placed action symbols in the order he wanted to carry them out, such as "chase tickle" or "chase hide." In this respect, Kanzi's grammar was on a par with that of a __________ year-old child.
A)two-
B)four-
C)six-
D)eight-

Accepted Answer

Kanzi's ability to place action symbols in a specific order to convey his intentions mirrors the grammatical capabilities of a two-year-old child, who can also start to combine words in a meaningful sequence to communicate simple ideas or actions.

Question 2

You are asked to multiply a three-digit number and a two-digit number. You follow the steps you were taught in fifth grade, and you correctly answer the problem. You utilized
A)a heuristic.
B)an algorithm.
C)insight.
D)divergent thinking.

Accepted Answer

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Multiplying numbers as taught in school is an example of using an algorithm because it follows a specific, systematic method that guarantees the correct answer if executed properly.

Question 3

Regarding Kanzi's language and grammar skills, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Kanzi's grammar was comparable to that of a two-year-old child.
B)Some of the lexigrams Kanzi knew were quite abstract, like symbols for "bad" and "good."
C)Kanzi usually places action symbols in the order he wants to carry them out, such as "chase tickle" or "chase hide."
D)Kanzi could not understand spoken sentences unless visually prompted by the trainers.

Accepted Answer

Kanzi, a bonobo known for his language acquisition skills, demonstrated the ability to understand spoken English sentences without the need for visual prompts, contradicting the statement in option D. His comprehension of spoken language was a significant aspect of his linguistic abilities, showcasing his understanding of language beyond just visual or sign-based communication.

Question 4

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which
A)general and functional techniques are used in answering the problem.
B)the answer is arrived at by rote learning.
C)brainstorming and insight are used to solve the novel problem.
D)the answer is arrived at by using the representative heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An algorithmic solution to a problem is...

Question 5

An algorithmic solution is achieved by using all of the following EXCEPT
A)trial and error.
B)rote.
C)a learned set of rules.
D)using a heuristic.

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are not algorithmic solutions; they are problem-solving methods that use shortcuts or rules of thumb to find satisfactory solutions more quickly, but not necessarily the optimal one.

Question 6

Problems come in many forms and are usually best faced
A)through trial and error.
B)mindfully.
C)intuitively.
D)using experiential processing.

Accepted Answer

Problems are best faced mindfully because it involves being fully present and engaged in the moment, allowing for a thoughtful and deliberate approach to solving problems.

Question 7

The use of an algebraic equation to determine how many scoops of coffee are needed to make 20 cups illustrates problem-solving by
A)trial and error.
B)rote.
C)understanding.
D)heuristics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of an algebraic equation to...

Question 8

Although most people use trial and error when they first try the Rubik's cube puzzle, some take the easy route of reading the printed instructions that give the steps for a(n)__________ solution.
A)algorithmic
B)Heuristic
C)random search
D)Intuitive

Accepted Answer

The correct term for a step-by-step solution, like the one described for solving a Rubik's cube by following printed instructions, is "algorithmic." An algorithm is a set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.

Question 9

Almost everyone who has tried to play a poker game like Texas Hold'em begins at the mechanical level of
A)trial and error.
B)representativeness heuristics.
C)functional solutions.
D)understanding the general properties of the game.

Accepted Answer

Players often start learning poker through trial and error, making decisions and adjusting based on outcomes, rather than starting with deep strategic understanding or specific problem-solving techniques.

Question 10

Solutions to problems that are based on understanding are characterized by
A)rapid solution after an unsuccessful attempt.
B)the discovery of a general approach and then the testing of specific solutions.
C)habitual modes of thought applied to new situations.
D)proceeding according to a known set of rules.

Accepted Answer

Solutions based on understanding typically involve the discovery of a general approach to a problem, followed by the testing of specific solutions derived from that approach. This process reflects a deep comprehension of the problem's structure and the principles underlying potential solutions.

Question 11

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which
A)the answer is arrived at using lexigrams.
B)the answer is arrived at by brainstorming.
C)a learned set of rules is used in solving the problem.
D)insight and understanding are used in solving the problem.

Accepted Answer

An algorithmic solution involves using a learned set of rules or a specific procedure to solve a problem, which is what option C describes.

Question 12

Becoming a problem-solving expert in any particular field involves, at a minimum, becoming
A)familiar with the algorithms available in that field.
B)skilled at using random search strategies within that field.
C)skilled at using the semantic differential for that field.
D)familiar with the connotative definitions in that field.

Accepted Answer

Becoming a problem-solving expert in any particular field involves, at a minimum, becoming familiar with the algorithms available in that field.

Question 13

In his study of thinking, Duncker found that the first step in problem solving based on understanding is to discover
A)a number of functional solutions.
B)the set of rules that lead to the solution.
C)the general properties of a correct solution.
D)the implicit actions for solving the problem.

Accepted Answer

Duncker's study on problem-solving emphasizes the importance of understanding the general properties of a correct solution as the initial step. This approach involves grasping the fundamental characteristics or principles that any valid solution must adhere to, rather than jumping straight into specific solutions or actions.

Question 14

Although almost everyone who has tried to play a poker game like Texas Hold'em begins at the mechanical, trial and error level with those who persist and can keep up with the other players
A)using algorithms in playing the game.
B)using rote methods, such as printed odds tables for each stage of the game.
C)utilizing representativeness heuristics in placing bets.
D)understanding the general properties of the game.

Accepted Answer

Understanding the general properties of the game is crucial for players who persist and can keep up with others, as it allows them to make informed decisions beyond mechanical or rote methods.

Question 15

Two examples of algorithmic solutions are
A)general and functional.
B)trial and error and rote.
C)intuition and insight.
D)selective encoding and heuristics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two examples of algorithmic solutions are
A)general and...

Question 16

Approaching a problem by using a learned set of rules produces a solution that is achieved by
A)understanding.
B)recognition.
C)rote.
D)trial and error.

Accepted Answer

Approaching a problem using a learned set of rules without necessarily understanding the underlying principles is known as solving by rote. This method relies on memorization and application of established procedures rather than on deep understanding or innovative thinking.

Question 17

At first amateur naturalists painfully identify the birds, butterflies, mammals, or plants they find by mechanically searching through published field guides. In time, those who persist begin to identify more and more species from memory and others based on the general properties they have learned through experience. These amateurs who base their identifications on the general properties of the species observed are using which type of problem solving?
A)trial and error
B)rote
C)understanding
D)the use of algorithms

Accepted Answer

Understanding is the correct answer because it involves using knowledge and experience to recognize patterns and characteristics, which allows for the identification of species based on their general properties.

Question 18

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which
A)the answer is arrived at by using the availability heuristic.
B)the answer is arrived at by intuition.
C)a learned set of rules is used in answering the problem.
D)general and functional techniques are used in answering the problem.

Accepted Answer

An algorithmic solution involves using a specific set of rules or procedures to solve a problem, ensuring a consistent and correct outcome.

Question 19

In his study of thinking, Duncker found that the second step in problem solving based on understanding is to
A)propose a number of functional solutions.
B)determine the general properties of a correct solution.
C)enumerate all the implicit actions for solving the problem.
D)approach solutions using a trial-and-error method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In his study of thinking, Duncker found...

Question 20

One day, a classmate with whom you've been trying to go out socially gives you her phone number, which you write on your hand. However, as you try to put the number into your phone later, you cannot make out the last number. If you punch in the area code and the first six numbers plus "0", then punch in the first six digits plus "1", then the first six digits plus "2", etc. until you get the correct number, you are solving your problem by
A)using heuristics.
B)rote.
C)trial and error.
D)insight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One day, a classmate with whom you've...

Quiz 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Kanzi usually placed action symbols in the order he wanted to carry them out, such as "chase tickle" or "chase hide." In this respect, Kanzi's grammar was on a par with that of a __________ year-old child.

You are asked to multiply a three-digit number and a two-digit number. You follow the steps you were taught in fifth grade, and you correctly answer the problem. You utilized

Regarding Kanzi's language and grammar skills, which of the following statements is FALSE?

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which

An algorithmic solution is achieved by using all of the following EXCEPT

Problems come in many forms and are usually best faced

The use of an algebraic equation to determine how many scoops of coffee are needed to make 20 cups illustrates problem-solving by

Although most people use trial and error when they first try the Rubik's cube puzzle, some take the easy route of reading the printed instructions that give the steps for a(n) __________ solution.

Almost everyone who has tried to play a poker game like Texas Hold'em begins at the mechanical level of

Solutions to problems that are based on understanding are characterized by

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which

Becoming a problem-solving expert in any particular field involves, at a minimum, becoming

In his study of thinking, Duncker found that the first step in problem solving based on understanding is to discover

Although almost everyone who has tried to play a poker game like Texas Hold'em begins at the mechanical, trial and error level with those who persist and can keep up with the other players

Two examples of algorithmic solutions are

Approaching a problem by using a learned set of rules produces a solution that is achieved by

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which

In his study of thinking, Duncker found that the second step in problem solving based on understanding is to