Question 1

Which of the following involves internal representations that allow you to look at numerous options before acting so you can avoid many mistakes?
A)insight
B)planning
C)intrinsic encoding
D)sensory memory

Accepted Answer

Planning involves the process of creating internal representations of future actions, which allows an individual to consider various options and potential outcomes before taking action. This process helps in avoiding mistakes by evaluating different strategies in advance. Insight, intrinsic encoding, and sensory memory do not specifically involve considering multiple options to avoid mistakes in the same way planning does.

Question 2

Many of history's geniuses, such as Einstein, Darwin, Mozart, Newton, Michelangelo, Galileo, Madame Curie, Edison, and Martha Graham, can be defined by their higher-level __________ abilities.
A)algorithmic
B)denotative
C)creative
D)synesthesia

Accepted Answer

These individuals are renowned for their innovative contributions to their respective fields, which were largely driven by their creative abilities, rather than algorithmic, denotative, or synesthesia abilities.

Question 3

Donna is "looking over" her psychology notes while watching TV and texting her friends. Regarding her psychology notes, Donna is engaged in
A)proxemics.
B)selective attention.
C)experiential processing.
D)reflective processing.

Accepted Answer

Donna is engaged in experiential processing, which involves a more automatic, less focused way of processing information, often while multitasking.

Question 4

Oddly enough, nonfluent readers do not have as much trouble on the Stroop interference task since they cannot as yet effectively use which of the following in reading the words?
A)algorithmic processing
B)automatic processing
C)conjunctive processing
D)reflective processing

Accepted Answer

Nonfluent readers struggle with the Stroop interference task less because they have not yet developed automatic processing for reading words. Automatic processing allows for quick and effortless recognition of words, which is what causes interference in the Stroop task when the word's meaning and its ink color conflict. Nonfluent readers rely more on slower, effortful processing, reducing the interference effect.

Question 5

In the Stroop interference task, fluent readers of English have difficulty quickly naming the color of the ink that is used to print the words because they
A)are trying to use reflective processing to read the words and experiential processing to identify the color of the ink.
B)are trying to use experiential processing to identify both the words and the ink colors.
C)normally use reflective processing to read words and this controlled use of processing interferes with ink color naming.
D)normally use experiential processing to read the words and this automatic processing interferes with ink color naming.

Accepted Answer

The Stroop effect occurs because the process of reading words is so automatic (experiential processing) that it interferes with the task of naming the color of the ink, which requires more attention and control.

Question 6

Passive, effortless daydreaming would be a type of
A)proxemics.
B)inductive thinking.
C)experiential processing.
D)reflective processing.

Accepted Answer

Passive, effortless daydreaming is a form of experiential processing, which involves processing information based on feelings and experiences in a more automatic and less effortful way, as opposed to actively analyzing or reflecting on information.

Question 7

A recent college graduate mentally tries out several "answers" to possible questions he might be asked by prospective employers before actually going to his first interview. This college graduate is exhibiting
A)planning.
B)the semantic differential.
C)intrinsic encoding.
D)procedural memory.

Accepted Answer

This behavior is an example of planning, as the graduate is mentally preparing and strategizing for potential questions during the interview, which involves thinking ahead and organizing thoughts in anticipation of future events.

Question 8

When thought is passive, effortless, and automatic, the person is engaged in
A)proxemics.
B)inductive thinking.
C)reflective processing.
D)experiential processing.

Accepted Answer

When thought is passive, effortless, and automatic, it aligns with the concept of experiential processing, which involves intuitive, automatic, and effortless thought processes, as opposed to reflective processing that requires active, effortful, and deliberate thinking.

Question 9

When you are deciding what to study for an exam, what to say at a job interview, or how to get to your spring break hotel, you are using the reflective process called
A)planning.
B)intuition.
C)semantic encoding.
D)transformation.

Accepted Answer

When you are making decisions about what to study for an exam, what to say at a job interview, or how to navigate to your spring break hotel, you are engaging in planning. Planning involves setting goals, developing strategies, and deciding on the actions needed to achieve those goals.

Question 10

Jed is able to understand and remember what he read while studying psychology because he engaged in
A)proxemics.
B)reflective processing.
C)experiential processing.
D)divergent thinking.

Accepted Answer

Reflective processing involves thinking deeply about the material, which helps in understanding and remembering the information. This cognitive process is essential for effective studying and learning, as it involves actively engaging with the content rather than passively reading it.

Question 11

When fluent readers of English attempt to name the colors in which the words are printed rather than reading the words on the Stroop interference task, they usually have to deliberately check their responses to make sure they are not reading the color words aloud. This deliberate checking of their responses illustrates the use of __________ processing.
A)experiential
B)reflective
C)automatic
D)intuitive

Accepted Answer

Reflective processing involves consciously checking or controlling one's thoughts or actions, which is what individuals do when they try to name the color of the ink rather than reading the word in the Stroop task.

Question 12

Images, concepts, and symbols are
A)types of morphemes.
B)examples of heuristics.
C)types of semantics.
D)basic units of thought.

Accepted Answer

Images, concepts, and symbols are considered basic units of thought in psychology. They are the fundamental elements with which individuals form ideas, understand the world, and engage in problem-solving and decision-making.

Question 13

If thought is active, effortful, and controlled, you are engaged in
A)reflective processing.
B)experiential processing.
C)intuitive thinking.
D)proxemics.

Accepted Answer

Reflective processing involves active, effortful, and controlled thinking, distinguishing it from more automatic or intuitive thought processes.

Question 14

Dr. Hart is investigating how humans mentally process information, such as images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols. He would best be described as studying
A)operant conditioning.
B)learning.
C)cognition.
D)proxemics.

Accepted Answer

Cognition is the correct answer because it directly relates to the mental processes involved in understanding, processing, and storing information, which includes dealing with images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols.

Question 15

A television interviewer who mentally tries out several lines of questioning before actually beginning a live interview is exhibiting the reflective process called
A)intrinsic encoding.
B)planning.
C)procedural memory.
D)the semantic differential.

Accepted Answer

Planning involves thinking ahead and mentally organizing the steps or tasks needed to achieve a goal, such as deciding on the questions to ask in an interview.

Question 16

Regarding aspects of cognition, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Animals other than humans can engage in simple forms of cognitive learning.
B)Planning allows us to try out various options and avoid making many mistakes.
C)Planning requires reflective processing.
D)Daydreaming would be an example of reflective processing.

Accepted Answer

Reflective processing involves conscious thought and consideration, whereas daydreaming is often a more spontaneous, less directed form of mental activity that does not necessarily involve the deliberate, reflective thought characteristic of planning or problem-solving.

Question 17

Glancing at the television to see if your favorite program has started yet would be an example of
A)proxemics.
B)inductive thinking.
C)reflective processing.
D)experiential processing.

Accepted Answer

Glancing at the television to see if your favorite program has started yet is an example of experiential processing, which involves immediate and automatic processing of stimuli based on experiences or habits, rather than deliberate thought or analysis.

Question 18

Which of the following refers to processing a mental representation of a problem or situation?
A)intuition
B)intelligence
C)cognition
D)selective attention

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving. These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning. Processing a mental representation of a problem or situation falls under the broad category of cognitive processes.

Question 19

Intense problem solving and planning require
A)reflective processing.
B)experiential processing.
C)intuitive thinking.
D)proxemics.

Accepted Answer

Intense problem solving and planning involve reflective processing, which is a deliberate, analytical form of thinking where individuals consciously reflect on the information at hand and the various possibilities before making a decision.

Question 20

Dr. Mascona shows his psychology class a slide in which the names of colors are printed in different colors of ink, such as the word green printed in a purple ink. He then asks a volunteer to name the color of the ink in which each word is printed. Because his volunteer is a fluent English reader, she has difficulty naming the color of the ink because reading words has become so automatic to her. Dr. Mascona demonstrated how fluent readers use experiential processing in reading words by using which of the following?
A)Anagrams test
B)Snellen chart
C)Stroop interference task
D)"reverse vision" task

Accepted Answer

The Stroop interference task involves naming the color of the ink in which words are printed, which becomes difficult when the words themselves are names of colors that do not match the ink color. This demonstrates how automatic processes, like reading, can interfere with the task of color identification.

Quiz 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Which of the following involves internal representations that allow you to look at numerous options before acting so you can avoid many mistakes?

Many of history's geniuses, such as Einstein, Darwin, Mozart, Newton, Michelangelo, Galileo, Madame Curie, Edison, and Martha Graham, can be defined by their higher-level __________ abilities.

Donna is "looking over" her psychology notes while watching TV and texting her friends. Regarding her psychology notes, Donna is engaged in

Oddly enough, nonfluent readers do not have as much trouble on the Stroop interference task since they cannot as yet effectively use which of the following in reading the words?

In the Stroop interference task, fluent readers of English have difficulty quickly naming the color of the ink that is used to print the words because they

Passive, effortless daydreaming would be a type of

A recent college graduate mentally tries out several "answers" to possible questions he might be asked by prospective employers before actually going to his first interview. This college graduate is exhibiting

When thought is passive, effortless, and automatic, the person is engaged in

When you are deciding what to study for an exam, what to say at a job interview, or how to get to your spring break hotel, you are using the reflective process called

Jed is able to understand and remember what he read while studying psychology because he engaged in

Images, concepts, and symbols are

If thought is active, effortful, and controlled, you are engaged in

Dr. Hart is investigating how humans mentally process information, such as images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols. He would best be described as studying

A television interviewer who mentally tries out several lines of questioning before actually beginning a live interview is exhibiting the reflective process called

Regarding aspects of cognition, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Glancing at the television to see if your favorite program has started yet would be an example of

Which of the following refers to processing a mental representation of a problem or situation?

Intense problem solving and planning require