Question 1

__________ refers to whether the person has regularly behaved a certain way or experienced a certain outcome in the past.
A) Attribution
B) Distinctiveness
C) Consensus
D) Consistency
E) Congruence

Accepted Answer

Consistency refers to whether the person has regularly behaved a certain way or experienced a certain outcome in the past. Attribution refers to the perceived cause of someone's behavior, distinctiveness refers to whether the behavior is unique to a particular situation or occurs in many situations, consensus refers to the extent to which others behave in the same way in a similar situation, and congruence is not a term typically used in social psychology.

Question 2

How people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviours and achievements is called
A) projection.
B) stereotyping.
C) attribution.
D) selective perception.
E) indiscriminate perception.

Accepted Answer

Attribution is the process of explaining the causes of one's own as well as other people's behaviours and achievements.

Question 3

Which of the following terms refers to evaluating a person's characteristics through comparisons with other people we have recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics?
A) Contrast effect
B) Comparison effect
C) Assimilation effect
D) Accommodation effect
E) Coriolis effect

Accepted Answer

The contrast effect refers to the tendency to evaluate someone based on comparisons to people who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. This can lead to over- or underestimation of a person's abilities or qualities. The other answer choices are not relevant to this concept.

Question 4

Which of the following refers to the perceived fairness of the amount of information given by the makers of the decision, the treatment of the people affected by the decision, and the explanations received during the making of the decision?
A) Managerial fairness
B) Organisational fairness
C) Interactional fairness
D) Procedural fairness
E) Distributive fairness

Accepted Answer

Interactional fairness refers to the perceived fairness in the communication and treatment of individuals during decision-making processes.

Question 5

After encountering an exceptionally good cashier, we might see an average cashier and evaluate him as below average.This is an example of
A) the contrast effect.
B) the halo effect.
C) first impression bias.
D) stereotyping.
E) projection.

Accepted Answer

The contrast effect occurs when our judgment of something is influenced by our perception of the differences between it and something else we have recently encountered. In this case, encountering an exceptionally good cashier can lead to a contrast effect where an average cashier is perceived as below average because they don't measure up to our recent experience with the exceptional cashier.

Question 6

Which of the following terms refers to forming oversimplified beliefs about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way?
A) Bigotry
B) Stereotyping
C) Selective perception
D) Indiscriminate perception
E) Projection

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping refers to forming oversimplified beliefs about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way. Bigotry refers to intolerance or prejudice towards certain groups or individuals. Selective perception refers to selectively interpreting information based on pre-existing beliefs or biases. Indiscriminate perception and projection are not relevant to the given scenario.

Question 7

Which of the following refers to employees' perceptions of organisational events, policies and practices as being fair or not fair?
A) Employee engagement
B) Social justice
C) Organisational fairness
D) Organisational commitment
E) Person-organisation fit

Accepted Answer

Organisational fairness refers to employees' perceptions of organisational events, policies and practices as being fair or not fair. Employee engagement refers to the level of involvement, dedication and enthusiasm employees have for their work and their organisation. Social justice refers to the concept of equity and equality in society, while organisational commitment is the dedication and loyalty that employees have towards their organisation. Person-organisation fit refers to the compatibility between an individual's values, skills and goals, and those of the organisation.

Question 8

Would others behave similarly in the same situation, or receive the same outcome? This question refers to the concept of
A) attribution.
B) distinctiveness.
C) consensus.
D) consistency.
E) congruence.

Accepted Answer

This question is asking about whether or not others behave similarly in the same situation or would receive the same outcome. This relates to the concept of consensus, which refers to the extent to which other individuals behave the same way in a similar situation. If there is high consensus, then it is likely that others would behave similarly or receive the same outcome, whereas low consensus suggests that the behavior or outcome is specific to the individual.

Question 9

If your roommate is a C student, the distinctiveness of a recent high grade would be __________ and you would attribute it to __________.
A) high, external causes
B) high, internal causes
C) low, external causes
D) low, internal causes
E) There is not enough information given to determine the answer.

Accepted Answer

The distinctiveness of a recent high grade would be high because it is unusual for a C student, and you would attribute it to external causes, such as an easier test or extra help, rather than internal ability.

Question 10

Which of the following refers to the perceived fairness of the way the outcome was generated?
A) Managerial fairness
B) Organisational fairness
C) Interactional fairness
D) Procedural fairness
E) Distributive fairness

Accepted Answer

Procedural fairness refers to the perceived fairness of the way the outcome was generated. Managerial fairness, organisational fairness, and interactional fairness are all related to different aspects of fairness, but not specifically the fairness of the outcome generation process. Distributive fairness refers to the perceived fairness of the outcome itself, not the way it was generated.

Question 11

Which of the following refers to the perceived fairness of the outcome received?
A) Managerial fairness
B) Organisational fairness
C) Interactional fairness
D) Procedural fairness
E) Distributive fairness

Accepted Answer

Distributive fairness refers to the perceived fairness of the outcome received, such as fairness in the distribution of rewards, promotions, and resources. Managerial fairness, Organizational fairness, Interactional fairness, and Procedural fairness are all different types of fairness but do not refer specifically to the perceived fairness of the outcome received.

Question 12

__________ refer(s) to a manageable level of stress for a reasonable period of time that generates positive emotions including satisfaction, excitement and enjoyment.
A) Functional stress
B) Dysfunctional stress
C) Collateral programs
D) Collateral damage
E) General adaptation syndrome

Accepted Answer

Functional stress refers to a level of stress that is manageable for a reasonable period of time and generates positive emotions such as satisfaction, excitement, and enjoyment. This type of stress can actually enhance performance and motivation, unlike dysfunctional stress which can lead to negative consequences such as burnout, anxiety, and decreased performance. Collateral programs and collateral damage are unrelated to this concept, and general adaptation syndrome refers to the body's physiological response to stress.

Question 13

Perceptions are __________ to change once they are formed.
A) trivial
B) easy
C) impossible not
D) difficult
E) impossible

Accepted Answer

Perceptions are not impossible to change, but they are often difficult to change once they are formed. This is because they can be deeply ingrained and reinforced over time, making it challenging to shift one's perspective.

Question 14

People tend to associate beauty with other positive characteristics.This phenomenon is an example of
A) the contrast effect.
B) the halo effect.
C) first impression bias.
D) stereotyping.
E) projection.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the statement is the halo effect, which is the tendency to assume that someone who has one positive characteristic (in this case, beauty) also possesses other positive characteristics without any evidence.

Question 15

Which of the following terms refers to drawing a general impression about something or someone based on a single (typically good) characteristic?
A) The halo effect
B) First impression bias
C) Selective perception
D) Stereotyping
E) The Hawthorne effect

Accepted Answer

The halo effect refers to the tendency to draw a general positive impression about something or someone based on a single (usually good) characteristic.

Question 16

Does the person act the same way or receive similar outcomes in different types of situations? This question refers to the concept of
A) attribution.
B) distinctiveness.
C) consensus.
D) consistency.
E) congruence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does the person act the same way...

Question 17

If a hiring manager is interviewing someone who reminds him of himself when he was just starting out, he may assume that the candidate also shares his values, work ethic and abilities.This is an example of
A) the contrast effect.
B) the halo effect.
C) first impression bias.
D) stereotyping.
E) projection.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of projection, where the hiring manager projects his own characteristics onto the candidate, assuming they share similar traits because of perceived similarities.

Question 18

Which of the following terms refers to attributing our own characteristics to other people?
A) Negative affect
B) Positive affect
C) Attribution
D) Projection
E) Obfuscation

Accepted Answer

Projection refers to attributing our own characteristics, thoughts, or feelings to other people.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a healthy coping strategy for stress?
A) Overeating
B) Social support
C) Meditation
D) Getting enough rest
E) Managing your time

Accepted Answer

Overeating is not a healthy coping strategy for stress as it can lead to physical health problems and may create a negative cycle of stress and unhealthy habits. The other options (B, C, D, and E) are all healthy and effective ways to manage stress. Social support can provide emotional comfort, meditation can help calm the mind, getting enough rest can reduce fatigue and irritability, and managing your time can help you feel more in control of your responsibilities.

Question 20

Once we categorise someone as a high performer, we focus more on (and better remember) information related to his or her __________ and disregard more of the information reflecting his or her __________.
A) low performance, high performance
B) high performance, low performance
C) personality, appearance
D) appearance, personality
E) appearance, high performance

Accepted Answer

Once someone is categorised as a high performer, we tend to focus on information related to their high performance and disregard information reflecting their low performance. This is because our cognitive biases lead us to seek out and pay more attention to information that confirms our beliefs or expectations, which, in this case, is that the person is a high performer. Therefore, option B - high performance, low performance - is the correct answer.

Quiz 4: Individual Values, Perceptions and Reactions

__________ refers to whether the person has regularly behaved a certain way or experienced a certain outcome in the past.

How people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviours and achievements is called

Which of the following terms refers to evaluating a person's characteristics through comparisons with other people we have recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics?

Which of the following refers to the perceived fairness of the amount of information given by the makers of the decision, the treatment of the people affected by the decision, and the explanations received during the making of the decision?

After encountering an exceptionally good cashier, we might see an average cashier and evaluate him as below average.This is an example of

Which of the following terms refers to forming oversimplified beliefs about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way?

Which of the following refers to employees' perceptions of organisational events, policies and practices as being fair or not fair?

Would others behave similarly in the same situation, or receive the same outcome? This question refers to the concept of

If your roommate is a C student, the distinctiveness of a recent high grade would be and you would attribute it to .

Which of the following refers to the perceived fairness of the way the outcome was generated?

Which of the following refers to the perceived fairness of the outcome received?

__________ refer(s) to a manageable level of stress for a reasonable period of time that generates positive emotions including satisfaction, excitement and enjoyment.

Perceptions are __________ to change once they are formed.

People tend to associate beauty with other positive characteristics.This phenomenon is an example of

Which of the following terms refers to drawing a general impression about something or someone based on a single (typically good) characteristic?

Does the person act the same way or receive similar outcomes in different types of situations? This question refers to the concept of

If a hiring manager is interviewing someone who reminds him of himself when he was just starting out, he may assume that the candidate also shares his values, work ethic and abilities.This is an example of

Which of the following terms refers to attributing our own characteristics to other people?

Which of the following is NOT a healthy coping strategy for stress?

Once we categorise someone as a high performer, we focus more on (and better remember) information related to his or her and disregard more of the information reflecting his or her .