Question 1

Criminal Bob just spent 5 months in jail for robbing a store.Criminal Sally spent 1 week in jail for the same crime.The next time they were caught,each was sentenced to 3 months in jail.This second sentence is most likely to suppress the later criminal behavior of
A) Sally more than Bob.
B) Bob more than Sally.
C) both Sally and Bob equally to a high degree.
D) both Sally and Bob equally poorly.

Accepted Answer

Bob spent significantly more time in jail for the same crime as Sally in their initial offense. This may have been a deterrent factor and caused him to think twice before committing the crime again. Additionally, the sentence of 3 months for their second offense is equal for both of them, but since Bob has already spent 5 months in jail previously, it may have a greater impact on him and suppress his later criminal behavior more than Sally.

Question 2

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes.Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?
A) making a loud noise and taking the shoe away from the puppy at the same time
B) rubbing the puppy's nose in the shoe leather smell
C) startling the puppy with a loud noise, removing the shoe, and giving the puppy a toy to chew on
D) taking away the shoe and giving the puppy a toy to chew on

Accepted Answer

Startling the puppy with a loud noise serves as a punishment and removing the shoe teaches the puppy that chewing on shoes is wrong. Giving the puppy a toy to chew on serves as a distraction and a positive reinforcement for good behavior. The combination of punishment and positive reinforcement is the most effective way to train an animal. Option A only involves a punishment and does not provide a positive reinforcement. Option B is considered animal abuse and should never be used as a training method. Option D only tells the puppy what not to chew on, but does not provide a clear alternative or punishment for bad behavior.

Question 3

Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away,but the puppy always caught the cat.Now,the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near.Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?
A) SSDR theory
B) the two-process theory of avoidance
C) the shock-frequency reduction theory
D) the safety-signal hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your cat tried to avoid the new...

Question 4

Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental conditioning in the development of avoidance behavior?
A) the predatory imminence hypothesis
B) the safety-signal hypothesis
C) SSDR theory
D) the shock-frequency reduction theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental...

Question 5

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment,you should
A) initially use mildly aversive stimuli.
B) initially use aversive stimuli of short duration.
C) initially use strong and longer aversive stimulation.
D) use mild aversive stimulation and progress to stronger stimuli.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you wish to quickly and permanently...

Question 6

Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for avoidance behaviors?
A) safety-signal hypothesis
B) SSDR theory
C) two-process theory of avoidance
D) predatory imminence theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for...

Question 7

Which theory suggests that punishment causes response suppression because a subject learns to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response?
A) SSDR theory
B) the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment
C) the avoidance theory of punishment
D) the negative law of effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory suggests that punishment causes response...

Question 8

According to the safety-signal hypothesis,_____ serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.
A) temporal cues of the S-S interval
B) response associated feedback cues
C) CS associated feedback cues
D) US associated feedback cues

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the safety-signal hypothesis,_____ serve as...

Question 9

Which theory suggests that the nature of the avoidance response is shaped by punishment?
A) the two-process theory of avoidance
B) SSDR theory
C) the safety-signal hypothesis
D) shock-frequency reduction theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory suggests that the nature of...

Question 10

In a time out procedure,behavior modification is achieved by
A) the careful administration of a mildly aversive stimulus.
B) reducing contact with appetitive stimuli.
C) the administration of a relatively strong aversive stimulus.
D) reducing contact with an annoying stimulus.

Accepted Answer

In a time out procedure, behavior modification is achieved by reducing contact with appetitive stimuli. This means that the person is removed from a situation or environment where they are experiencing positive reinforcement for their behavior, in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. The key is to remove the positive reinforcement, not necessarily to administer an aversive stimulus. While a mild aversive stimulus may be used in some situations, it is not the primary mechanism for behavior modification in a time out procedure.

Question 11

Your friend tells you that she studies to avoid getting bad grades.Her explanation of the behavior is most like
A) the safety-signal hypothesis.
B) SSDR theory.
C) shock-frequency reduction theory.
D) the two-process theory of avoidance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend tells you that she studies...

Question 12

Keith's father is pleased to note that Keith no longer spends his afternoons breaking windows.According to his father,this change in behavior is due to Keith's fear of punishment,but Keith says that he no longer breaks windows because he likes working on cars and no longer has time to find windows to break.Keith's attitude reflects the assumptions of
A) the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment.
B) the avoidance theory of punishment.
C) the predatory imminence hypothesis.
D) the negative law of effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Keith's father is pleased to note that...

Question 13

Which theory can best account for the finding that certain responses are more easily conditioned in avoidance training procedures?
A) the two-process theory of avoidance
B) the safety-signal hypothesis
C) SSDR theory
D) shock-frequency reduction theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory can best account for the...

Question 14

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is
A) response noncontingent, harsh, and of long duration.
B) response contingent, mild, and of short duration.
C) response noncontingent, mild, and of short duration.
D) response contingent, harsh, and of long duration.

Accepted Answer

Response suppression is most effective when the shock is response contingent, meaning that it is delivered only when the undesirable behavior occurs. However, for the suppression to be even stronger, the shock should be harsh and of long duration. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 15

Which theory views the avoidance of shock as critical to the reinforcement of avoidance behavior?
A) the safety-signal hypothesis
B) SSDR theory
C) the two-process theory of avoidance
D) shock-frequency reduction theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory views the avoidance of shock...

Question 16

According to the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment,punishment results in response suppression because
A) subjects learn to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response.
B) subjects make avoidance responses that compete with the target response.
C) punishment weakens the association between the eliciting stimulus and the target response.
D) pre-response cues elicit fear reactions that are incompatible with the target response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the conditioned emotional response theory...

Question 17

Which theory assumes that the selection among possible defensive avoidance responses is greatly influenced by different levels of perceived danger?
A) SSDR theory
B) the safety-signal hypothesis
C) the predatory imminence hypothesis
D) the shock-frequency reduction theory

Accepted Answer

The predatory imminence hypothesis assumes that the selection among possible defensive avoidance responses is greatly influenced by different levels of perceived danger. This theory proposes that animals have evolved to assess the degree of threat posed by a predator and to choose the most adaptive defensive response accordingly.

Question 18

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone.When the tone is not present,the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus.This procedure is called
A) overcorrection.
B) discriminated punishment.
C) self-punitive behavior.
D) response-independent stimulation.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes discriminated punishment, where punishment is only administered in the presence of a specific discriminative stimulus (in this case, the tone). When the stimulus is not present, the same response does not result in punishment being administered.

Question 19

Which is true of the assumptions of both SSDR theory and the predatory imminence hypothesis?
A) Selection of avoidance responses is through punishment of early ineffective responses.
B) Selection of avoidance responses is due to different levels of perceived danger.
C) A distinction is made between defensive and recuperative responses.
D) Defensive behaviors initially occur as unconditional responses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is true of the assumptions of...

Question 20

One problem with using punishment to alter behavior is that parents will often pay less attention to a child when it is reading quietly than when he or she is engaging in a behavior that is unacceptable.When this happens,
A) punishment may become a signal for positive reinforcement.
B) a discriminated punishment procedure is being used.
C) an overcorrection procedure is being used.
D) punishment is ineffective because of the lack of an alternative response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One problem with using punishment to alter...

Quiz 10: Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Criminal Bob just spent 5 months in jail for robbing a store.Criminal Sally spent 1 week in jail for the same crime.The next time they were caught,each was sentenced to 3 months in jail.This second sentence is most likely to suppress the later criminal behavior of

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes.Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away,but the puppy always caught the cat.Now,the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near.Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?

Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental conditioning in the development of avoidance behavior?

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment,you should

Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for avoidance behaviors?

Which theory suggests that punishment causes response suppression because a subject learns to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response?

According to the safety-signal hypothesis,_____ serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Which theory suggests that the nature of the avoidance response is shaped by punishment?

In a time out procedure,behavior modification is achieved by

Your friend tells you that she studies to avoid getting bad grades.Her explanation of the behavior is most like

Which theory can best account for the finding that certain responses are more easily conditioned in avoidance training procedures?

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

Which theory views the avoidance of shock as critical to the reinforcement of avoidance behavior?

According to the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment,punishment results in response suppression because

Which theory assumes that the selection among possible defensive avoidance responses is greatly influenced by different levels of perceived danger?

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone.When the tone is not present,the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus.This procedure is called

Which is true of the assumptions of both SSDR theory and the predatory imminence hypothesis?

One problem with using punishment to alter behavior is that parents will often pay less attention to a child when it is reading quietly than when he or she is engaging in a behavior that is unacceptable.When this happens,