Question 1

Obtaining research data from the same group of participants over an extended period of time is referred to as ___________ research.
A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) single-strata
D) case study

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research involves collecting data from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time.

Question 2

Describe correlational research and give an example of a positive correlation, a negative correlation, and a zero correlation.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Describe three potential problems associated with archival research.

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Question 4

Describe the differences between time sampling and situation sampling. Why are time sampling and situation sampling needed, and what are the advantages to using these techniques?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

What are the distinguishing characteristics of descriptive research methods? Give some examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the distinguishing characteristics of descriptive...

Question 6

What is pilot testing and why is it necessary?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Janice wishes to ensure that she has equal numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors in her sample. She separates the population into subpopulations according to class rank and draws random samples from each subpopulation. Janice has engaged in ___________ sampling.
A) convenience
B) replacement
C) stratified random
D) non-random

Accepted Answer

Janice is using stratified random sampling because she divides the population into subpopulations (strata) based on class rank and then takes random samples from each stratum to ensure equal representation.

Question 8

What is naturalistic observation? Give an example and describe the strengths and weaknesses of this method.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

In order to successfully utilize stratified random sampling, the researcher would need to
A) have considerable knowledge of the population.
B) track the participants over a period of time.
C) utilize random sampling without replacement.
D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling requires the researcher to have considerable knowledge of the population to divide it into distinct subgroups or strata before sampling.

Question 10

Cliff administers his "Closeness with Family" questionnaire to a sample of children when they are 9 years old and then again when they turn 15. Cliff has done ________ research.
A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) single-strata
D) case study

Accepted Answer

Cliff's research is longitudinal because it involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time, measuring their "Closeness with Family" at two different ages (9 and 15).

Question 11

What is an ex post facto study? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Distinguish between the nonexperimental methods described in this chapter (e.g., archival research, ex post facto research, survey research) and the qualitative research described in the previous chapter.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

A group of individuals born during the same time period is known as a
A) stratum.
B) pilot group.
C) stratified random sample.
D) cohort.

Accepted Answer

A cohort is a group of individuals who share a common characteristic, typically being born during the same time period.

Question 14

Distinguish between a descriptive survey and an analytic survey.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Nyla compares the voting preferences of 20-year-olds and 40-year-olds at a single point in time. Nyla has done ________ research.
A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) single-strata
D) case study

Accepted Answer

Nyla has conducted cross-sectional research, which involves comparing different groups (in this case, age groups) at a single point in time.

Question 16

Describe the Hawthorne effect, including the research study from which it got its name.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Define interobserver reliability and list some ways to increase interobserver reliability.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Nigel is interested in studying the exercise habits of inner-city children. He administers his survey once to a random sample of inner-city children. What kind of research strategy has Nigel used?
A) Cross-sectional approach
B) Longitudinal approach
C) Single-strata approach
D) Split-half approach

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nigel is interested in studying the exercise...

Question 19

__________ research involves the comparison of two or more groups of participants during the same time span.
A) Single-strata
B) Longitudinal
C) Random
D) Cross-sectional

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research involves comparing different groups of participants at a single point in time.

Question 20

Define archival research and give some examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define archival research and give some examples....

Quiz 4: Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Obtaining research data from the same group of participants over an extended period of time is referred to as ___________ research.

Describe correlational research and give an example of a positive correlation, a negative correlation, and a zero correlation.

Describe three potential problems associated with archival research.

Describe the differences between time sampling and situation sampling. Why are time sampling and situation sampling needed, and what are the advantages to using these techniques?

What are the distinguishing characteristics of descriptive research methods? Give some examples.

What is pilot testing and why is it necessary?

Janice wishes to ensure that she has equal numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors in her sample. She separates the population into subpopulations according to class rank and draws random samples from each subpopulation. Janice has engaged in ___________ sampling.

What is naturalistic observation? Give an example and describe the strengths and weaknesses of this method.

In order to successfully utilize stratified random sampling, the researcher would need to

Cliff administers his "Closeness with Family" questionnaire to a sample of children when they are 9 years old and then again when they turn 15. Cliff has done ________ research.

What is an ex post facto study? Give an example.

Distinguish between the nonexperimental methods described in this chapter (e.g., archival research, ex post facto research, survey research) and the qualitative research described in the previous chapter.

A group of individuals born during the same time period is known as a

Distinguish between a descriptive survey and an analytic survey.

Nyla compares the voting preferences of 20-year-olds and 40-year-olds at a single point in time. Nyla has done ________ research.

Describe the Hawthorne effect, including the research study from which it got its name.

Define interobserver reliability and list some ways to increase interobserver reliability.

Nigel is interested in studying the exercise habits of inner-city children. He administers his survey once to a random sample of inner-city children. What kind of research strategy has Nigel used?

__________ research involves the comparison of two or more groups of participants during the same time span.

Define archival research and give some examples.