Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a strategy to increase the response rate of mail surveys?
A) Include a prepaid envelope for the return of the completed survey.
B) Send a replacement survey if you have not heard from a participant within 2-3 weeks.
C) The cover letter should give very little information about the study in order to make the survey shorter.
D) Include a statement about the confidentiality of responses.

Accepted Answer

Providing very little information about the study in the cover letter is not a strategy to increase response rates; instead, a well-informed participant is more likely to respond.

Question 2

Which of the following represents the BEST way to word this question?
A) "Do you agree that wealthy professional athletes are overpaid?"
B) "Do you agree that professional athletes are overpaid?"
C) "Do you disagree that professional athletes are overpaid?"
D) "Do you believe that professional athletes are overpaid?"

Accepted Answer

This wording is neutral and does not lead the respondent towards a particular answer, unlike the other options which imply a bias or assumption.

Question 3

Researchers often use a panel of judges to assess the _______ validity of their test items.
A) criterion
B) concurrent
C) content
D) split-half

Accepted Answer

Content validity is assessed by having experts evaluate whether test items represent the construct being measured.

Question 4

The degree to which the score on a test or inventory corresponds with another measure of the designated trait is known as _________ validity.
A) test-retest
B) concurrent
C) content
D) criterion

Accepted Answer

Concurrent validity refers to the degree to which the score on a test or inventory corresponds with another measure of the designated trait, typically measured at the same time.

Question 5

Interrater reliability is used to determine the __________ validity of a test or inventory.
A) concurrent
B) content
C) criterion
D) test-retest

Accepted Answer

Interrater reliability is used to assess the consistency of different raters' evaluations, which is related to content validity as it ensures that the test measures the intended content consistently across different evaluators.

Question 6

The extent to which test items actually represent the type of material they are supposed to represent refers to ___________ validity.
A) criterion
B) content
C) concurrent
D) interrater

Accepted Answer

Content validity refers to the degree to which test items accurately represent the material or domain they are intended to cover.

Question 7

All of the following are disadvantages of telephone interviews EXCEPT:
A) Many people screen or block calls from people whom they do not know.
B) The researcher is more likely to obtain a biased sample using a telephone survey than a mail survey.
C) The researcher cannot examine nonverbal behavior of the respondent.
D) It is more difficult to establish rapport over the telephone than in personal interviews.

Accepted Answer

Telephone surveys can actually provide a less biased sample compared to mail surveys, as they can reach a broader demographic and are not limited by literacy or access to mail.

Question 8

_________ validity is established by comparing the score on a test with future score on another test.
A) Criterion
B) Concurrent
C) Content
D) Split-half

Accepted Answer

Criterion validity is established by comparing the score on a test with future scores on another test, specifically predictive validity, which is a type of criterion validity.

Question 9

Which of the following is an advantage of mail surveys?
A) Mail surveys have a very high response rate compared to other kinds of surveys.
B) Mail surveys can target a particular individual in the household whereas other kinds of surveys cannot.
C) Mail surveys can be sent to a large number of people.
D) All of the above are advantages of mail surveys.

Accepted Answer

Mail surveys can be distributed to a large audience efficiently and cost-effectively, making them advantageous for reaching many respondents.

Question 10

Kimberly's new depression scale correlates positively with psychologists' ratings of their patients' depression. Kimberly's depression scale shows high
A) criterion validity.
B) concurrent validity.
C) split-half reliability.
D) interrater reliability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kimberly's new depression scale correlates positively with...

Question 11

All of the following are advantages of personal interviews EXCEPT:
A) There is a high response rate.
B) The researcher can ensure that the questions are answered in the correct order.
C) The researcher can answer questions for the respondents.
D) Data collection is usually very fast compared to other methods.

Accepted Answer

Personal interviews are typically slower compared to other methods like online surveys or telephone interviews, as they require scheduling and conducting face-to-face meetings.

Question 12

Which of the following is an advantage of telephone interviews?
A) It is easy to create a random sample.
B) The response rate for telephone interviews is higher than the response rate for personal interviews.
C) There is virtually no possibility of a biased sample because the vast majority of people in the U.S. have telephones of some kind.
D) All of the above are advantages of telephone interviews.

Accepted Answer

Telephone interviews make it easier to create a random sample because researchers can use random digit dialing to reach a wide and varied audience.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of mail surveys?
A) The researcher cannot be sure who actually fills out the survey.
B) Response rates are usually low.
C) Researchers cannot send out a large number of surveys.
D) Participants may not answer questions in the order in which they appear on the survey.

Accepted Answer

Mail surveys can be sent out to a large number of recipients, making it possible to reach a wide audience.

Question 14

____________ reliability measures agreement between judges on a test item, whereas ____________ reliability measures agreement between observers of behavior.
A) Interrater; interobserver
B) Interobserver; interrater
C) Interrater; interrater
D) Interobserver; interobserver

Accepted Answer

Interrater reliability measures the agreement between judges or raters on a test item, while interobserver reliability measures the agreement between observers of behavior.

Question 15

Researchers have found that SAT scores predict first-semester grade point average. This demonstrates _________ validity.
A) criterion
B) concurrent
C) content
D) split-half

Accepted Answer

Criterion validity is the extent to which a test predicts a specific criterion, such as job performance or academic achievement. In this case, the SAT scores are predicting first-semester grade point average, which is a criterion.

Question 16

________ refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.
A) Test-retest reliability
B) Interrater reliability
C) Split-half reliability
D) Validity

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Question 17

Dale wants to ensure that he has a high response rate for his survey. Which method would be best?
A) Mail survey
B) Personal interview
C) Telephone interview
D) Demographic interview

Accepted Answer

Personal interviews generally have higher response rates because they involve direct interaction, making it harder for respondents to refuse participation.

Question 18

Veronica intended to develop a test to measure locus of control, but it actually measures self-esteem. Veronica's test has low
A) test-retest reliability.
B) validity.
C) interrater reliability.
D) split-half reliability.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. Since Veronica's test measures self-esteem instead of locus of control, it has low validity.

Question 19

"What is your age?" This question falls under the category of ________ data.
A) demographic
B) Likert-type scale
C) analytic
D) split-half

Accepted Answer

The question "What is your age?" is asking for demographic data, which includes information about characteristics of a population such as age, gender, income, etc.

Question 20

All of the following are disadvantages of personal interviews EXCEPT:
A) Personal interviews involve a great deal of time.
B) There is a possibility of interviewer bias.
C) There is a possibility of danger to the interviewer.
D) There is a low response rate.

Accepted Answer

Personal interviews typically have a high response rate, as they involve direct interaction with the respondent.

Quiz 4: Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Which of the following is NOT a strategy to increase the response rate of mail surveys?

Which of the following represents the BEST way to word this question?

Researchers often use a panel of judges to assess the _______ validity of their test items.

The degree to which the score on a test or inventory corresponds with another measure of the designated trait is known as _________ validity.

Interrater reliability is used to determine the __________ validity of a test or inventory.

The extent to which test items actually represent the type of material they are supposed to represent refers to ___________ validity.

All of the following are disadvantages of telephone interviews EXCEPT:

_________ validity is established by comparing the score on a test with future score on another test.

Which of the following is an advantage of mail surveys?

Kimberly's new depression scale correlates positively with psychologists' ratings of their patients' depression. Kimberly's depression scale shows high

All of the following are advantages of personal interviews EXCEPT:

Which of the following is an advantage of telephone interviews?

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of mail surveys?

reliability measures agreement between judges on a test item, whereas reliability measures agreement between observers of behavior.

Researchers have found that SAT scores predict first-semester grade point average. This demonstrates _________ validity.

________ refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Dale wants to ensure that he has a high response rate for his survey. Which method would be best?

Veronica intended to develop a test to measure locus of control, but it actually measures self-esteem. Veronica's test has low

"What is your age?" This question falls under the category of ________ data.

All of the following are disadvantages of personal interviews EXCEPT: