Question 1

Dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his time in the military.His chronic anxiety is most likely due to which disorder?
A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
D) attention deficit disorder (ADD)

Accepted Answer

Dion's symptoms of nightmares and flashbacks related to his military experience are characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition that can occur after experiencing or witnessing traumatic events.

Question 2

You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you are in college. You have trouble learning Portuguese because the Spanish you learned in high school
Keeps coming to mind.This outcome is most likely due to
A) anterograde amnesia.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when old information hinders the ability to remember new information. In this scenario, the knowledge of Spanish (old information) is interfering with the ability to learn Portuguese (new information).

Question 3

Jacob has to write an essay for his writing course and decides to write about a boy who is actually a wizard.When his teacher reads the essay,she realizes that Jacob got the idea from
A popular book.Jacob denies this,honestly believing that he thought of the idea himself.Jacob
Is experiencing
A) cryptomnesia.
B) source amnesia.
C) suggestibility.
D) blocking.

Accepted Answer

Cryptomnesia occurs when a person mistakenly believes that a thought or idea is their own original thought when, in reality, they have encountered it before and forgotten the source. In this case, Jacob believes his idea for an essay about a boy who is a wizard is original, not recognizing that it likely came from a popular book he has read or heard about.

Question 4

Four witnesses see a truck hit a small car.If they all saw the same thing,who is likely to give the highest estimate of the truck's speed when testifying in court?
A) Abby,who was asked,"How fast was the truck going when it hit the car?"
B) Tim,who was asked,"How fast was the truck going when it crushed the car?"
C) Tony,who was asked,"How fast was the truck going when it bumped the car?"
D) Leroy,who was asked,"How fast was the truck going when the accident happened?"

Accepted Answer

The choice of words can influence a person's perception and memory of an event. The word "crushed" implies a more violent and high-speed impact compared to "hit," "bumped," or a neutral description of the event. Therefore, Tim, who was asked using the word "crushed," is likely to give the highest estimate of the truck's speed.

Question 5

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an example of
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) persistence.
D) blocking.

Accepted Answer

PTSD is characterized by the persistence of intense, distressing memories of traumatic events, which is why it is an example of persistence.

Question 6

Ali's previous boyfriend was named Sam and her new boyfriend is named Stan.When she accidentally calls her new boyfriend by the name Sam,she explains to him that her
Mistake was due to
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) proactive interference.
C) retroactive interference.
D) anterograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when older memories interfere with the recall of newer memories. In this case, Ali's memory of her previous boyfriend's name (Sam) interferes with her ability to remember her new boyfriend's name (Stan), leading to her mistakenly calling him by the old name.

Question 7

You are working on a crossword puzzle.Even though you know the answer to a question,you cannot remember the actual word.You remember the shape of the word,the first letter of the
Word,and other related words and ideas,but you cannot remember the word itself.You are
Experiencing
A) suggestibility.
B) interference.
C) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
D) absentmindedness.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, where an individual is temporarily unable to recall a word or name, despite feeling that it is just on the verge of being remembered.

Question 8

Yesterday,you caused an argument by insulting another person.Today,you remember the argument as being the other person's fault.You do not remember that you were actually to
Blame for the argument because of
A) absentmindedness.
B) suggestibility.
C) memory bias.
D) memory blocking.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of memory bias, where your recollection of past events is distorted by your current feelings, beliefs, or attitudes, leading you to remember the argument as being the other person's fault even though you were to blame.

Question 9

Teresa's house was destroyed when Hurricane Michael hit Florida.The memory of how she had to run back to the house to rescue her dog keeps coming to her mind even though she
Very much wants to get rid of that memory.Teresa is most likely experiencing
A) prospective memory.
B) persistence in memory.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) retrograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Persistence in memory refers to the phenomenon where certain memories continue to recur despite attempts to forget them, often associated with traumatic events, which fits Teresa's experience with the hurricane and the memory of rescuing her dog.

Question 10

Inattention and the shallow encoding of events can often result in ________,which leads to forgetting.
A) absentmindedness
B) suggestibility
C) persistence
D) blocking

Accepted Answer

Absentmindedness is often caused by inattention and the shallow encoding of events, which can lead to forgetting because the information was never deeply processed or stored effectively in the first place.

Question 11

Beth recently changed her e-mail password.For the first few days after changing her password,she kept trying to log in with the old password.Which of the following was Beth
Experiencing?
A) anterograde amnesia
B) retrograde amnesia
C) proactive interference
D) retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Beth was experiencing proactive interference, where old information (her old password) interfered with her ability to remember new information (her new password).

Question 12

Your roommate asks you which section of chemistry you are taking next semester.Even though you have just registered for the class,you cannot confidently tell her the section.You
Are astonished to realize that you suddenly cannot remember the section for which you
Registered.Your memory lapse is an example of
A) interference.
B) suggestibility.
C) blocking.
D) absentmindedness.

Accepted Answer

Blocking occurs when a memory is present in the brain but something prevents it from being retrieved at the moment. This is often experienced as the feeling of having something "on the tip of your tongue."

Question 13

Amanda is telling Connie about a movie she saw last night,and Connie asks who starred in the movie.Amanda gets frustrated because she cannot think of the actor's name,even though
She can describe the actor and list other movies in which he has starred.Amanda is most
Likely experiencing
A) suggestibility.
B) interference.
C) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
D) absentmindedness.

Accepted Answer

Amanda is experiencing the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, which occurs when a person cannot recall a specific word or name but has a strong feeling that they know what they are trying to remember. This is characterized by the ability to recall related information or the feeling that recall is imminent.

Question 14

Alex sees a girl in a red shirt steal a candy bar.Later,during questioning,the police ask what candy the girl in the blue shirt stole.Months later,when Alex testifies in court,he describes
The girl as having worn a blue shirt.This is an example of
A) suggestibility.
B) blocking.
C) cryptomnesia.
D) absentmindedness.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of suggestibility because Alex's memory of the event was influenced by the misleading information provided by the police, causing him to remember the girl wearing a blue shirt instead of red.

Question 15

You vividly remember where you were when you heard about the Boston Marathon bombing. What you remember is a(n) ________ memory and you are likely to be ________ a
Memory for an ordinary event.
A) flashbulb;more confident about it than
B) flashbulb;as confident about it as
C) implicit;more confident about it than
D) implicit;as confident about it as

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are vivid, detailed memories of significant events. People tend to be more confident about these memories than memories of ordinary events, even though the accuracy of flashbulb memories can be variable.

Question 16

When we make our memories consistent with our current beliefs or attitudes,we are experiencing
A) persistence.
B) memory bias.
C) memory misattribution.
D) suggestibility.

Accepted Answer

Memory bias refers to the tendency to interpret and remember information in a way that is consistent with our existing beliefs and attitudes.

Question 17

Yu vividly remembers the day her husband surprised her with an emotional and dramatic marriage proposal.Research suggests that this ________ memory is ________ ordinary
Memories.
A) semantic;more accurate than
B) semantic;as accurate as
C) flashbulb;less accurate than
D) flashbulb;at least as accurate as

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are vivid, detailed memories of significant events. Research suggests they are at least as accurate as, if not more accurate than, ordinary memories.

Question 18

You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you are in college.Now,whenever you try to recall a word in Spanish,Portuguese keeps coming to your mind.This result is most likely due to
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) retroactive interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) proactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall old information, as seen when learning Portuguese affects the recall of previously learned Spanish.

Question 19

Shazia describes a made-up story to Ronald in vivid detail about a time that they got into serious trouble as young children.Later on,Ronald remembers the event even though it never
Actually happened.Ronald is most likely experiencing
A) persistence.
B) a false memory.
C) blocking.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Ronald is experiencing a false memory, which occurs when someone remembers something that didn't happen or remembers it differently from the way it actually happened. In this case, Shazia's vivid story led Ronald to believe and remember an event that never occurred.

Question 20

Laden has a memory of getting a teddy bear at a childhood birthday party.However, she cannot remember who gave it to her or at which birthday she received it.Laden
Is experiencing
A) cryptomnesia.
B) misattribution.
C) retrograde amnesia.
D) anterograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Misattribution occurs when someone can remember information but cannot recall the source correctly. In Laden's case, she remembers receiving a teddy bear but cannot recall who gave it to her or at which birthday, fitting the definition of misattribution.

Quiz 7: Memory

Dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his time in the military.His chronic anxiety is most likely due to which disorder?

You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you are in college. You have trouble learning Portuguese because the Spanish you learned in high school Keeps coming to mind.This outcome is most likely due to

Jacob has to write an essay for his writing course and decides to write about a boy who is actually a wizard.When his teacher reads the essay,she realizes that Jacob got the idea from A popular book.Jacob denies this,honestly believing that he thought of the idea himself.Jacob Is experiencing

Four witnesses see a truck hit a small car.If they all saw the same thing,who is likely to give the highest estimate of the truck's speed when testifying in court?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an example of

Ali's previous boyfriend was named Sam and her new boyfriend is named Stan.When she accidentally calls her new boyfriend by the name Sam,she explains to him that her Mistake was due to

You are working on a crossword puzzle.Even though you know the answer to a question,you cannot remember the actual word.You remember the shape of the word,the first letter of the Word,and other related words and ideas,but you cannot remember the word itself.You are Experiencing

Yesterday,you caused an argument by insulting another person.Today,you remember the argument as being the other person's fault.You do not remember that you were actually to Blame for the argument because of

Teresa's house was destroyed when Hurricane Michael hit Florida.The memory of how she had to run back to the house to rescue her dog keeps coming to her mind even though she Very much wants to get rid of that memory.Teresa is most likely experiencing

Inattention and the shallow encoding of events can often result in ________,which leads to forgetting.

Beth recently changed her e-mail password.For the first few days after changing her password,she kept trying to log in with the old password.Which of the following was Beth Experiencing?

Amanda is telling Connie about a movie she saw last night,and Connie asks who starred in the movie.Amanda gets frustrated because she cannot think of the actor's name,even though She can describe the actor and list other movies in which he has starred.Amanda is most Likely experiencing

Alex sees a girl in a red shirt steal a candy bar.Later,during questioning,the police ask what candy the girl in the blue shirt stole.Months later,when Alex testifies in court,he describes The girl as having worn a blue shirt.This is an example of

You vividly remember where you were when you heard about the Boston Marathon bombing. What you remember is a(n) memory and you are likely to be a Memory for an ordinary event.

When we make our memories consistent with our current beliefs or attitudes,we are experiencing

Yu vividly remembers the day her husband surprised her with an emotional and dramatic marriage proposal.Research suggests that this memory is ordinary Memories.

You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you are in college.Now,whenever you try to recall a word in Spanish,Portuguese keeps coming to your mind.This result is most likely due to

Shazia describes a made-up story to Ronald in vivid detail about a time that they got into serious trouble as young children.Later on,Ronald remembers the event even though it never Actually happened.Ronald is most likely experiencing

Laden has a memory of getting a teddy bear at a childhood birthday party.However, she cannot remember who gave it to her or at which birthday she received it.Laden Is experiencing