Question 1

Dr.Earl is a cognitive psychologist who studies thinking.Which question is most relevant to Dr.Earl's research?
A) How do we cope with tragic events?
B) How does a person's culture influence his or her career choice?
C) How do we mentally rotate objects to "see" them from many angles?
D) How does the behavior of a group affect one person?

Accepted Answer

C is most relevant because it directly involves cognitive processes, specifically visual and spatial processing, which are central to the study of thinking in cognitive psychology.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an example of thinking?
A) translating your Spanish homework into English
B) calculating the tip on your dinner bill
C) taking a nap with soft music playing
D) using a map to drive to a new store

Accepted Answer

Taking a nap, even with soft music playing, does not involve active cognitive processes or problem-solving, which are characteristic of thinking.

Question 3

Cognitive schemas allow for easy,fast processing of information about people,events,or groups that are related in some way.However,when we make generalizations about these
People,events,or groups,we are using
A) concepts.
B) stereotypes.
C) the exemplar model.
D) the prototype model.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are overgeneralized beliefs about a particular category of people, events, or groups, which can lead to assumptions and judgments without individual evidence. Cognitive schemas facilitate quick information processing, but when these schemas become overly generalized, they form stereotypes.

Question 4

When you brainstorm a list of words and concepts that are related to your personality traits, you are writing words that are related to an abstract mental concept.Because of this you are
Using a(n) ________ representation.
A) analogical
B) symbolic
C) heuristic
D) algorithm

Accepted Answer

When you brainstorm a list of words and concepts related to your personality traits, you are using symbolic representation. This is because words are symbols that stand for ideas or concepts, not direct representations of physical objects or experiences.

Question 5

Chris is describing what lasagna is to a friend who has never eaten it before.He tells his friend,"Lasagna usually has layers of noodles with cheese and sauce in between each layer."
In this situation,Chris is describing his ________ of lasagna.
A) mental map
B) category
C) analogical representation
D) concept

Accepted Answer

Chris is describing his concept of lasagna, which refers to a mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli. In this case, the concept is about what constitutes lasagna.

Question 6

A picture of a computer is an example of a(n) ________ representation.The word computer is an example of a(n) ________ representation.
A) mental map;conceptual
B) conceptual;mental map
C) analogical;symbolic
D) symbolic;analogical

Accepted Answer

A picture of a computer is an analogical representation because it resembles the physical form of a computer. The word "computer" is a symbolic representation because it uses language symbols to represent the idea of a computer without resembling its physical form.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of an analogical representation?
A) a subway map
B) a family tree
C) a diagram of the human body
D) a sign language gesture for please

Accepted Answer

Analogical representations are ones that have some physical or conceptual resemblance to what they represent, such as maps, diagrams, and family trees. A sign language gesture, however, does not resemble its meaning in the same way; it is symbolic rather than analogical.

Question 8

When people group several concepts together,such as baseball,basketball,and football, based on the shared property of being so-called ball sports,they are creating a ________
Of the concepts.
A) prototype
B) category
C) exemplar
D) mental map

Accepted Answer

When people group several concepts together based on shared properties, they are creating a category. This process involves organizing information into groups or classes based on common characteristics. In this case, baseball, basketball, and football are grouped together because they all involve playing with a ball, making them part of the "ball sports" category.

Question 9

When Dave started driving,he had to use a navigation system to get around his city.Over time,Dave could drive through his city without the navigation system because he knew the
Names of all the roads and had a visual image in his mind of where they are.Dave has most
Likely developed a ________ of his city.
A) categorical representation
B) mental map
C) symbolic representation
D) series of individual prototypes

Accepted Answer

Dave has developed a mental map, which is a cognitive representation of the layout of his city, allowing him to navigate without a navigation system.

Question 10

Juan believes that a robin is a good example of a bird.Sergei believes that a penguin is a good example of a bird.Juan and Sergei are both correct according to the ________ model of
Organizing concepts.
A) schema
B) stereotype
C) exemplar
D) prototype

Accepted Answer

The exemplar model suggests that individuals use specific examples or instances of a category (in this case, birds like robins and penguins) to form a concept or to judge whether something belongs to a category. This model allows for a wide range of examples, including those that might not fit a more generalized or typical representation of a category.

Question 11

Regina is mentally manipulating information about how her boyfriend's new jeans fit him. When Regina does this she is
A) experiencing insight about whether he is attractive.
B) using an algorithm to decide whether the jeans fit.
C) developing a mental map of her boyfriend.
D) thinking about how he looks in the jeans.

Accepted Answer

Regina is engaging in visual or spatial processing by imagining or considering how the jeans look on her boyfriend, which is a form of mental manipulation of visual information.

Question 12

A road map and a photograph have some of the physical characteristics of objects.Because of this,they are ________ of the external world around us.
A) analogical representations
B) exemplars
C) symbolic representations
D) mental maps

Accepted Answer

Analogical representations share some physical characteristics with the objects they represent, making them similar to the actual objects. Road maps and photographs, for instance, visually resemble the geography and scenes they depict, hence they are analogical representations of the external world.

Question 13

Dr.Brown conducts research on how concepts are represented in people's minds.He believes that each category has one perfect representation of a concept.Based on this,
Dr)Brown most likely follows the ________ model of organizing concepts.
A) prototype
B) exemplar
C) concept
D) schema

Accepted Answer

Dr. Brown's belief that each category has one perfect representation of a concept aligns with the prototype model. The prototype model suggests that for each category, there is a best or "most typical" example (a prototype) that represents the category.

Question 14

When Mary thinks about a guitar,she uses a mental representation of specific knowledge about that object.Mary is thinking about a
A) mental map.
B) schema.
C) stereotype.
D) concept.

Accepted Answer

A concept is a mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli. In this case, Mary is using her mental representation of a guitar as a concept.

Question 15

Dr.Shah is interested in how concepts are represented in people's minds.She believes that a category includes all of the examples of the concepts in that category.Dr.Shah most likely
Follows the ________ model of categorizing concepts.
A) analogical representation
B) prototype
C) exemplar
D) symbolic representation

Accepted Answer

The exemplar model suggests that individuals categorize objects and ideas by comparing new experiences to specific examples (exemplars) of a category that they have encountered in the past. Dr. Shah's belief aligns with this model, as it involves considering all examples of concepts within a category.

Question 16

An advantage of the prototype model in describing how we think about concepts is that
A) it organizes concepts hierarchically.
B) a different prototype can be chosen for different reasons.
C) it allows for flexibility in letting unusual concepts be included in a category.
D) all examples of concepts are equally important.

Accepted Answer

The prototype model allows for flexibility by including atypical examples within a category, as it is based on the most typical or average representation of a concept rather than strict criteria.

Question 17

A prototype includes ________ in a category.An exemplar includes ________ in the category.
A) the most typical concept;all examples of concepts
B) the least typical concept;the most typical concept
C) only stereotypical concepts;the least typical concept
D) all examples of concepts;only stereotypical concepts

Accepted Answer

A prototype is considered the most typical or average representation of a category, while an exemplar includes all examples or instances of concepts within that category, reflecting a more comprehensive and varied understanding.

Question 18

Luke grew up by the beach and only wears sandals.Because of this,it is likely that Luke considers sandals to be the most typical type of shoe.For Luke,sandals would most likely be
The ________ of the category "shoes."
A) stereotype
B) heuristic
C) exemplar
D) prototype

Accepted Answer

The term "prototype" refers to a mental image or best example of a category. Since Luke grew up wearing sandals and likely considers them the most typical type of shoe, sandals would serve as the prototype of the category "shoes" for him.

Question 19

When you read the word cake on a menu,it is a(n) ________ representation.The picture of a cake on a menu is a(n) ________ representation.
A) analogical;symbolic
B) symbolic;analogical
C) symbolic;conceptual
D) conceptual;symbolic

Accepted Answer

The word "cake" is a symbolic representation because it uses language to represent the idea of a cake. The picture of a cake is an analogical representation because it visually resembles the actual object it represents.

Question 20

When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant,it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects-streets and their locations.Because of this,the map is a(n) ________
Representation.
A) analogical
B) symbolic
C) exemplar
D) prototype

Accepted Answer

An analogical representation is one that maintains some of the physical characteristics of the objects it represents, similar to how a city map retains the layout and relationships between streets, making it easier to navigate in reality.

Quiz 8: Thinking and Intelligence

Dr.Earl is a cognitive psychologist who studies thinking.Which question is most relevant to Dr.Earl's research?

Which of the following is NOT an example of thinking?

Cognitive schemas allow for easy,fast processing of information about people,events,or groups that are related in some way.However,when we make generalizations about these People,events,or groups,we are using

When you brainstorm a list of words and concepts that are related to your personality traits, you are writing words that are related to an abstract mental concept.Because of this you are Using a(n) ________ representation.

Chris is describing what lasagna is to a friend who has never eaten it before.He tells his friend,"Lasagna usually has layers of noodles with cheese and sauce in between each layer." In this situation,Chris is describing his ________ of lasagna.

A picture of a computer is an example of a(n) representation.The word computer is an example of a(n) representation.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an analogical representation?

When people group several concepts together,such as baseball,basketball,and football, based on the shared property of being so-called ball sports,they are creating a ________ Of the concepts.

Juan believes that a robin is a good example of a bird.Sergei believes that a penguin is a good example of a bird.Juan and Sergei are both correct according to the ________ model of Organizing concepts.

Regina is mentally manipulating information about how her boyfriend's new jeans fit him. When Regina does this she is

A road map and a photograph have some of the physical characteristics of objects.Because of this,they are ________ of the external world around us.

Dr.Brown conducts research on how concepts are represented in people's minds.He believes that each category has one perfect representation of a concept.Based on this, Dr) Brown most likely follows the ________ model of organizing concepts.

When Mary thinks about a guitar,she uses a mental representation of specific knowledge about that object.Mary is thinking about a

Dr.Shah is interested in how concepts are represented in people's minds.She believes that a category includes all of the examples of the concepts in that category.Dr.Shah most likely Follows the ________ model of categorizing concepts.

An advantage of the prototype model in describing how we think about concepts is that

A prototype includes in a category.An exemplar includes in the category.

Luke grew up by the beach and only wears sandals.Because of this,it is likely that Luke considers sandals to be the most typical type of shoe.For Luke,sandals would most likely be The ________ of the category "shoes."

When you read the word cake on a menu,it is a(n) representation.The picture of a cake on a menu is a(n) representation.

When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant,it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects-streets and their locations.Because of this,the map is a(n) ________ Representation.