Question 1

If a child was adopted as an infant and never had contact with her or his biological parents, the child would likely develop an IQ that __________
A) more closely resembled the adoptive parents' IQ.
B) more closely resembled the IQ of the biological siblings in the adoptive family.
C) more closely resembled the biological parents' IQ.
D) falls somewhere between that of the biological and adoptive parents.

Accepted Answer

Research in genetics and psychology suggests that IQ has a significant hereditary component. Therefore, an adopted child's IQ is more likely to resemble that of their biological parents, even if the child has never had contact with them. This is because IQ is influenced by genetic factors passed from parents to their offspring.

Question 2

Which of these is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation?
A) adaptive behavior severely below a level appropriate for the person's age
B) evidence of brain damage
C) slower than normal reflexes
D) onset of deficits prior to age 6

Accepted Answer

The formal definition of mental retardation includes significantly below-average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior, with onset before age 18.

Question 3

To be classified as mentally retarded an individual must score at __________ or below on a standardized intelligence test and have a deficiency in everyday adaptive functioning.
A) 70
B) 78
C) 85
D) 90

Accepted Answer

According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), a person is classified as having intellectual disability (previously known as mental retardation) if they score at or below 70 on a standardized intelligence test (such as the IQ test) and have a deficiency in adaptive functioning, which includes everyday skills necessary for independent living.

Question 4

Today the debate over whether intelligence is due to genetic or environmental factors does not focus so much on either or, but rather _________
A) when the influence of the environment begins and ends.
B) when the influence of genetics begins and ends.
C) how much of each factor contributes to intelligence.
D) what the nature of intelligence actually is.

Accepted Answer

The current debate on intelligence focuses on how much the genetic and environmental factors contribute to someone's intelligence rather than solely on one factor.

Question 5

A majority of the individuals who are classified as mentally retarded are considered to be __________
A) mildly retarded.
B) moderately retarded.
C) severely retarded.
D) profoundly retarded.

Accepted Answer

Mild retardation is the most common category for individuals with intellectual disabilities, accounting for approximately 85% of cases. This level of retardation is characterized by an IQ score ranging from 50-70, and individuals are typically able to develop basic academic and life skills with appropriate support and intervention. Moderate, severe, and profound retardation are less common and represent increasingly significant levels of impairment.

Question 6

Barry is 35 years old and lives at home with his parents. He has the academic skills of a second or third grader and an IQ score of 53, but is able to do chores at a local workshop. Barry is __________ retarded.
A) mildly
B) moderately
C) severely
D) profoundly

Accepted Answer

Based on the information provided, Barry has an IQ score of 53 which places him in the range of moderate intellectual disability. Additionally, his academic skills are at the level of a second or third grader which also indicates moderate intellectual disability. However, the fact that he is able to do chores at a local workshop suggests that he has some level of practical skills and abilities, which further supports a diagnosis of moderate intellectual disability.

Question 7

In order to be legally classified as suffering from a learning disability, a child must be assessed as functioning at a level that is _____ year(s) behind his or her same-aged peers.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Accepted Answer

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a child must have a significant discrepancy between their academic abilities and their intellectual abilities, with the academic abilities being at least two years behind their same-aged peers, in order to be classified as having a learning disability.

Question 8

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores?
A) fraternal twins
B) identical twins
C) brothers and sisters
D) parents and children

Accepted Answer

Identical twins have the highest genetic similarity and therefore should show the strongest correlation between their IQ scores.

Question 9

When we consider intelligence, it is important to remember that although __________ sets limits on a child's potential, it is the __________ that permits that potential to be actualized.
A) learning; opportunity
B) opportunity; learning
C) heredity; environment
D) environment; heredity

Accepted Answer

Heredity sets genetic limits on a child's potential intelligence, but it is the environment (which includes factors such as education, nutrition, and socioeconomic status) that provides opportunities to reach that potential.

Question 10

Which of these is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation?
A) IQ below 70
B) evidence of brain damage
C) slower than normal reflexes
D) onset of deficits prior to age 6

Accepted Answer

The formal definition of mental retardation includes an IQ below 70, indicating significantly below-average intellectual functioning.

Question 11

Which of the following is a true statement?
A) The mildly retarded can reach the sixth grade level and live independently.
B) The effects of mental retardation can be eliminated through education and training.
C) Little can be done to reduce the effects of retardation.
D) Nothing can be done to reduce the effects of retardation.

Accepted Answer

It is true that individuals with mild mental retardation can reach the sixth grade level and live independently with proper education and training. This is supported by research and is consistent with current understandings of intellectual disabilities. Option B is not entirely accurate as education and training can certainly help to reduce the effects of mental retardation, but it cannot completely eliminate them. Options C and D are both incorrect as there are various interventions and supports that can be provided to individuals with intellectual disabilities to improve their quality of life and reduce the negative effects of their disability.

Question 12

Sir Francis Galton studied intelligence in many prominent English families and concluded from this research that intelligence is __________
A) largely subject to environmental influence.
B) inherited.
C) determined by an equal influence from the environment and heredity.
D) determined by about a 70/30 split in favor of heredity.

Accepted Answer

Sir Francis Galton's research led him to believe that intelligence was largely inherited, rather than subject to environmental influence.

Question 13

Which of the following groups of children is most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?
A) identical twins reared apart
B) same-sex fraternal twins
C) siblings reared together
D) identical twins reared together

Accepted Answer

Identical twins reared together are most likely to have the most similar IQ scores due to their shared genetics and environment. Identical twins have the same genetic makeup, and being reared together means they share similar environments, both of which significantly influence IQ scores.

Question 14

Training programs for the mentally retarded have proven relatively effective in making it possible for some retarded individuals to function in society. These types of programs generally rely on __________
A) classical conditioning.
B) cognitive restructuring.
C) behavioral modification techniques.
D) rational-emotive therapies.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral modification techniques have been shown to be effective in training programs for the mentally retarded. This type of approach focuses on reinforcing desired behaviors and discouraging undesired ones, often through the use of rewards and punishments. Classical conditioning, cognitive restructuring, and rational-emotive therapies are not typically used in this context.

Question 15

He coined the phrase "nature-nurture controversy."
A) Alfred Binet
B) Sir Francis Galton
C) Charles Darwin
D) Thomas Bouchard

Accepted Answer

Sir Francis Galton is credited with coining the term "nature versus nurture."

Question 16

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?
A) Similarities in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different houses must be due to heredity.
B) Differences in intelligence between identical twins must be due to differences in their environments.
C) If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes, yet still have similar intelligence scores, the similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary influences.
D) Prenatal influences have little, if any, influence on intelligence and need not be taken into account when studying environmental influences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about heredity...

Question 17

Which classification of mental retardation affects most of the population classified in this fashion?
A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) profound

Accepted Answer

Mild mental retardation affects the most individuals classified in this fashion. This level of mental retardation is characterized by an IQ score between 50-70 and accounts for approximately 85% of all cases of mental retardation.

Question 18

Rochelle is 38 years old, but her mental ability is measured as that of a second-grade child. Rochelle would be classified as __________ developmentally delayed.
A) mildly
B) moderately
C) severely
D) profoundly

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rochelle is 38 years old, but her...

Question 19

Which of the following people would be classified as having a severe developmental delay?
A) someone with an IQ in the 55-70 range
B) someone with an IQ between 25 and 40
C) someone who can perform basic self-care without supervision
D) someone who performs at only a second-grade educational level

Accepted Answer

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities classifies individuals with an IQ between 25 and 40 as having a severe intellectual disability. IQs in the 55-70 range would indicate a mild to moderate intellectual disability, while being able to perform basic self-care without supervision or performing at a second-grade educational level may suggest an intellectual disability but not necessarily a severe one.

Question 20

Mainstreaming refers to the trend toward educating mentally retarded individuals __________
A) in schools designed specially to meet their educational needs.
B) in the regular school system.
C) at home with specially trained tutors.
D) in a psychiatric setting.

Accepted Answer

Mainstreaming refers to integrating children with disabilities into the regular school system. This practice is designed to promote inclusion and minimize the stigma associated with special education classes. It allows children with disabilities to learn in the same environment as their non-disabled peers, and it also helps to improve social skills and decrease isolation.

Quiz 7: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

If a child was adopted as an infant and never had contact with her or his biological parents, the child would likely develop an IQ that __________

Which of these is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation?

To be classified as mentally retarded an individual must score at __________ or below on a standardized intelligence test and have a deficiency in everyday adaptive functioning.

Today the debate over whether intelligence is due to genetic or environmental factors does not focus so much on either or, but rather _________

A majority of the individuals who are classified as mentally retarded are considered to be __________

Barry is 35 years old and lives at home with his parents. He has the academic skills of a second or third grader and an IQ score of 53, but is able to do chores at a local workshop. Barry is __________ retarded.

In order to be legally classified as suffering from a learning disability, a child must be assessed as functioning at a level that is _____ year(s) behind his or her same-aged peers.

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores?

When we consider intelligence, it is important to remember that although sets limits on a child's potential, it is the that permits that potential to be actualized.

Which of these is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation?

Which of the following is a true statement?

Sir Francis Galton studied intelligence in many prominent English families and concluded from this research that intelligence is __________

Which of the following groups of children is most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?

Training programs for the mentally retarded have proven relatively effective in making it possible for some retarded individuals to function in society. These types of programs generally rely on __________

He coined the phrase "nature-nurture controversy."

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?

Which classification of mental retardation affects most of the population classified in this fashion?

Rochelle is 38 years old, but her mental ability is measured as that of a second-grade child. Rochelle would be classified as __________ developmentally delayed.

Which of the following people would be classified as having a severe developmental delay?

Mainstreaming refers to the trend toward educating mentally retarded individuals __________