Question 1

The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with the
A) wish fulfillment view of dreams.
B) problem-solving view of dreams.
C) synergistic view of dreams.
D) James-Verduin view of dreams.

Accepted Answer

The problem-solving view of dreams suggests that dreams allow people to creatively think about and potentially solve problems in their waking lives. This aligns with the idea that people can use information from their dreams later when awake to approach certain situations or issues.

Question 2

Which theory of dreaming suggests that the cortex constructs dreams in order to make sense out of neural impulses from subcortical areas of the brain?
A) construction
B) activation-synthesis
C) conservation of energy
D) problem solving

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis theory suggests that dreams are the result of the brain's attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep. In this theory, the cortex constructs dreams to try and synthesize the activity from subcortical areas into a cohesive narrative.

Question 3

Danielle had a dream in which she was playing rummy with an elephant wearing suspenders. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her grade school teachers and they were watching a purple sunset over a red ocean. According to the activation synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle's dream represent
A) an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.
B) the manifest content of the dream.
C) the latent content of the dream.
D) an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.

Accepted Answer

According to the activation synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden and bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle's dream represent the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firing during REM sleep, rather than any deeper meaning related to her waking life experiences (latent content) or the manifest content of the dream itself.

Question 4

According to Freud, a sexually frustrated person would probably have highly erotic dreams because, according to him, the principal purpose of a dream is
A) sexual gratification.
B) conflict resolution.
C) wish fulfillment.
D) the repression of unconscious desires.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of dream analysis, the principal purpose of a dream is wish fulfillment. Therefore, if a person is sexually frustrated, their dreams may contain highly erotic content as a way of fulfilling their unconscious desires.

Question 5

Research suggests that about ____ of the population does not respond to hypnosis.
A) 1-2%
B) 25-30%
C) 40%
D) 10-20%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research suggests that about ____ of the...

Question 6

If you interpreted Peter's dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his future plans, you would be subscribing to the
A) problem-solving theory of dreams.
B) activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
C) wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
D) neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

Accepted Answer

The problem-solving theory of dreams suggests that dreams serve as a way for individuals to think through and solve problems they are currently facing in their waking life. In this case, Peter's dream can be interpreted as his subconscious mind working through how to approach a difficult conversation with his father.

Question 7

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened sate of suggestibility is known as what?
A) mesmerization
B) hypnosis
C) hallucinations
D) hypersomnia

Accepted Answer

The systematic procedure mentioned implies the use of specific techniques to induce a heightened state of suggestibility, which is one of the key characteristics of hypnosis. Mesmerization, hallucinations, and hypersomnia are not systematic procedures aimed at producing suggestibility.

Question 8

The use of dreams to satisfy ungratified needs is referred to as
A) id idealization.
B) self-centeredness.
C) wish fulfillment.
D) sublimation.

Accepted Answer

The concept of using dreams to satisfy unfulfilled desires is known as wish fulfillment. This was prominently discussed by Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams and the role of the unconscious mind in shaping them. The other options such as id idealization, self-centeredness, and sublimation do not specifically relate to the use of dreams to satisfy ungratified needs.

Question 9

If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the "student of the year award," this dream would be MOST consistent with which theory of dreaming?
A) fantasy
B) activation-synthesis
C) wish fulfillment
D) problem solving

Accepted Answer

The dream of winning the "student of the year award" is consistent with wish fulfillment theory because the dreamer is presenting an idealized version of themselves in the dream where they are successful and admired by others. The dream reflects the dreamer's conscious desires and wishes for academic success.

Question 10

Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright's cognitive theory of dreaming, the images in Logan's dream represent
A) an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.
B) the manifest content of the dream.
C) an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life.
D) the latent content of the dream.

Accepted Answer

According to Rosalind Cartwright's cognitive theory of dreaming, dreams serve as a way for individuals to work through and process problems they are currently facing in their waking lives. In Logan's dream, his struggle to solve complex algebra problems for the talking cats may represent a problem he is currently experiencing or attempting to work through in his waking life.

Question 11

The use of dreams to allow people to engage in creative thinking about pressing personal issues is the claim of which theory of dreaming.
A) problem-solving theory of dreams.
B) activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
C) wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
D) neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

Accepted Answer

The problem-solving theory of dreams suggests that dreams provide a space for individuals to engage in creative thinking to find solutions to pressing personal issues. This theory proposes that dreams can help individuals process and work through difficult problems or decisions by providing a space for creative problem-solving and exploring different options.

Question 12

Freud theorized that dreams
A) provide a window to the conscious mind.
B) provide a practical approach to problem solving.
C) reflect wish fulfillment.
D) reflect reality.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, dreams reflect wish fulfillment, meaning that they provide a representation of unconscious desires and needs.

Question 13

The observations described in the text that both the discovery of insulin and refinements in the design of the sewing machine were inspired, in part, by dreams, provides support for the ____ theory of dreaming.
A) activation-synthesis
B) conservation of energy
C) wish fulfillment
D) problem-solving

Accepted Answer

The description of how both the discovery of insulin and refinements in the design of the sewing machine were inspired by dreams suggests that the dreams were playing a problem-solving role. This supports the problem-solving theory of dreaming.

Question 14

The theorist who advanced the wish-fulfillment idea about dreaming was
A) Cartwright.
B) Hobson.
C) McCarley.
D) Freud.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud advanced the wish-fulfillment theory about dreaming, proposing that dreams represent unconscious desires and thoughts that are too disturbing to be expressed openly.

Question 15

Research suggests that about ____ of people are exceptionally good hypnotic subjects.
A) 1-2%
B) 20-25%
C) 10-15%
D) 40%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research suggests that about ____ of people...

Question 16

Denise is unemployed. Over the past three years she has been fired from 10 different positions. If you interpreted Denise's dream of being the CEO of a fortune 500 company as an attempt for Denise to fulfill ungratified needs from her waking life, you would be subscribing to the
A) problem-solving theory of dreams.
B) activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
C) wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
D) neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

Accepted Answer

The wish-fulfillment theory of dreams, proposed by Sigmund Freud, suggests that dreams represent unconscious desires and wishes that may be unfulfilled in waking life. Denise's dream of being the CEO of a fortune 500 company could be interpreted as a manifestation of her desire to be successful and have power, which may not have been fulfilled in her past employment experiences.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is NOT correct in describing cultural differences concerning dreams?
A) some non-Western cultures view dreams as permitting communication with ancestors
B) individuals in many non-Western cultures tend to have poorer recall of dreams than individuals in Western cultures
C) many Western cultures view dreams as of little significance
D) many non-Western cultures view dreams as an important source of information

Accepted Answer

While it is true that some non-Western cultures view dreams as permitting communication with ancestors (A), many non-Western cultures view dreams as an important source of information (D), and some Western cultures view dreams as of little significance (C), there is no evidence to suggest that individuals in non-Western cultures tend to have poorer recall of dreams than individuals in Western cultures. In fact, the opposite may be true, as some non-Western cultures place a greater emphasis on dream interpretation and may therefore be more attentive to their dreams (source: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/dream-factory/201108/dreaming-cross-culturally).

Question 18

Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of which of the following?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Franz Anton Mesmer
C) Ernest Hilgard
D) Harry Houdini

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of Franz Anton Mesmer, an Austrian physician who believed in the existence of a magnetic fluid in the body that could be manipulated to heal various illnesses. He used a technique called "mesmerism" which involved inducing a trance-like state in patients through repetitive hand motions and suggestion. While his theories were later debunked, his work laid the foundation for the use of hypnosis as a therapeutic tool.

Question 19

The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of
A) the wish fulfillment theory of dreaming.
B) the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.
C) the problem-solving theory of dreaming.
D) no current theory of dreaming.

Accepted Answer

The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.

Question 20

Robert experienced much severe punishment in childhood and, as a way to cope, he developed an active fantasy life. Robert would be a good candidate for
A) hypnosis.
B) meditation.
C) insomnia research.
D) drug research.

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is often used as a therapeutic tool to help individuals access and process repressed emotions and memories. Given that Robert experienced severe punishment in childhood, it is possible that he may have repressed memories or emotions that could be addressed through hypnosis. Additionally, hypnosis can also be used to help individuals improve their coping strategies, which could be beneficial for Robert's use of a fantasy life as a coping mechanism.

Quiz 9: Variations in Consciousness Part 1

The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with the

Which theory of dreaming suggests that the cortex constructs dreams in order to make sense out of neural impulses from subcortical areas of the brain?

According to Freud, a sexually frustrated person would probably have highly erotic dreams because, according to him, the principal purpose of a dream is

Research suggests that about ____ of the population does not respond to hypnosis.

If you interpreted Peter's dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his future plans, you would be subscribing to the

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened sate of suggestibility is known as what?

The use of dreams to satisfy ungratified needs is referred to as

If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the "student of the year award," this dream would be MOST consistent with which theory of dreaming?

Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright's cognitive theory of dreaming, the images in Logan's dream represent

The use of dreams to allow people to engage in creative thinking about pressing personal issues is the claim of which theory of dreaming.

Freud theorized that dreams

The observations described in the text that both the discovery of insulin and refinements in the design of the sewing machine were inspired, in part, by dreams, provides support for the ____ theory of dreaming.

The theorist who advanced the wish-fulfillment idea about dreaming was

Research suggests that about ____ of people are exceptionally good hypnotic subjects.

Denise is unemployed. Over the past three years she has been fired from 10 different positions. If you interpreted Denise's dream of being the CEO of a fortune 500 company as an attempt for Denise to fulfill ungratified needs from her waking life, you would be subscribing to the

Which of the following statements is NOT correct in describing cultural differences concerning dreams?

Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of which of the following?

The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of

Robert experienced much severe punishment in childhood and, as a way to cope, he developed an active fantasy life. Robert would be a good candidate for