Question 1

_________ is required to move sensory information into short-term memory.
A)Attention
B)Encoding
C)Retrieval
D)Rehearsal

Accepted Answer

Attention is the process through which we selectively focus on incoming sensory information and move it into short-term memory. Without attention, information will not be processed and stored in memory. Encoding refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored, while retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information. Rehearsal is a memory strategy that involves repeating information in order to keep it in short-term memory.

Question 2

________ is a technique used to increase the amount of information held in short-term memory.
A)Chunking
B)Decoding
C)Rote rehearsal
D)Consolidation

Accepted Answer

Chunking is a technique in which individual items to be memorized are grouped together into larger units based on their meaning, structure, or familiarity. By doing so, the amount of information held in short-term memory can be increased. For example, instead of trying to memorize the sequence of numbers 1 9 6 8 2 0 1 9, one can use chunking to group them into meaningful units like 1968 (year of an event) and 2019 (current year).

Question 3

When asked to recall single-digit numbers presented in various digit span sizes,the typical adult would probably start to encounter difficulty once they got past ________ digits.
A)3
B)4
C)7
D)10

Accepted Answer

The typical adult has a working memory capacity of around 7 ± 2 items, which means they can recall 5 to 9 pieces of information in their short-term memory. Therefore, they would start to encounter difficulty recalling single-digit numbers once they get past 7 digits.

Question 4

Auditory information remains in the sensory store for about
A)0.5-1 second.
B)5-10 seconds.
C)30 seconds.
D)1 minute.

Accepted Answer

Auditory information, or echoic memory, typically remains in the sensory store for about 5-10 seconds.

Question 5

What is the correct order for shortest to longest duration of memory?
A)short-term,sensory,long-term
B)sensory,short-term,long-term
C)short-term,long-term,sensory
D)sensory,long-term,short-term

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the shortest duration memory that holds information for a fraction of a second, while short-term memory holds information for up to 30 seconds, and long-term memory can hold information for a lifetime. Therefore, the correct order for shortest to longest duration of memory is sensory, short-term, and long-term.

Question 6

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model,human memory consists of ____________ memory stores.
A)two
B)three
C)seven plus or minus two
D)a potentially infinite number of

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model suggests that human memory consists of three memory stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Question 7

Carlos finds a friend on Facebook whom he has not talked to in years.As they reminisce about things that happened 10 years ago,the information from old memories is transferred from Carlos' long-term memory into his short-term memory.This process is known as
A)storage.
B)retrieval.
C)attention.
D)encoding.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the process of bringing information from long-term memory back into short-term memory or consciousness. This is what Carlos is doing as he recalls old memories during his conversation.

Question 8

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory consists of ____________,which retain information,and ____________,which shift information from one type of memory to another.
A)stores;episodic buffers
B)control processes;central executives
C)stores;control processes
D)control processes;stores

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory consists of three types of memory stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. These stores retain information. Control processes are responsible for moving information between these stores, and they include attention, rehearsal, and encoding. Therefore, the answer is C - stores; control processes.

Question 9

Using the partial report method,Sperling found the capacity of iconic memory could hold
A)only one line of letters (4).
B)5-10 letters.
C)all the letters present (12).
D)only 1-2 letters.

Accepted Answer

Sperling found that participants were able to recall all 12 letters when given a cue immediately after the display disappeared in the partial report method. This suggests that the capacity of iconic memory is greater than previously thought and can hold information from the entire display for a brief period of time.

Question 10

In the partial report method of Sperling's study of sensory memory,participants were asked to report
A)only one of the three lines of letters.
B)any letters they could remember.
C)the first letter of each line.
D)the last letter of each line.

Accepted Answer

In Sperling's partial report method, participants were shown a grid of letters for a brief moment and then immediately asked to recall the letters from only one of the three lines, which was indicated by a tone that played immediately after the grid was shown. This method was used to study the capacity and duration of sensory memory.

Question 11

Which memory system holds information about all surrounding stimuli present at a particular moment?
A)long-term memory
B)sensory memory
C)working memory
D)short-term memory

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory holds information about all surrounding stimuli present at a particular moment, but only for a very brief period of time (usually less than a second). Long-term memory is for information that has been retained over a longer period of time, while working memory and short-term memory are more focused on actively manipulating or processing information.

Question 12

Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order.She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE.This tactic is called A)the method of loci. B)the serial position effect. C)rote rehearsal. D)chunking.

Accepted Answer

The tactic of reorganizing individual bits of information into larger, more meaningful units is called chunking. In this case, Loni grouped the letters into two words, which made them easier for her to remember. The method of loci involves associating information with specific locations, the serial position effect refers to our tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than those in the middle, and rote rehearsal involves repeating items over and over again in order to memorize them.

Question 13

The 'magical' number that describes short-term memory capacity is
A)fifteen plus or minus seven.
B)thirty plus or minus seven.
C)seven plus or minus five.
D)seven plus or minus two.

Accepted Answer

The 'magical' number that describes short-term memory capacity is seven plus or minus two, as proposed by George Miller's famous paper "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limitations on Our Capacity for Processing Information."

Question 14

Visual images remain in sensory memory for about
A)0.5-1 second.
B)2-3 seconds.
C)5-10 seconds.
D)30 seconds.

Accepted Answer

Visual images remain in sensory memory for about 0.5-1 second. This is the shortest duration compared to other types of sensory memory such as auditory memory and haptic memory.

Question 15

The auditory form of sensory memory is known as __________ memory,while the visual form is known as _________.
A)iconic;echoic
B)phonological loop;visuospatial sketchpad
C)visuospatial sketchpad;phonological loop
D)echoic;iconic

Accepted Answer

The auditory form of sensory memory is known as echoic memory, which retains auditory information, and the visual form is known as iconic memory, which retains visual stimuli.

Question 16

Alice was distracted when her friend asked her a question.She started to ask her friend to repeat the question,when she suddenly realized what her friend had been asking her.This is likely because the question was still stored in her
A)working memory.
B)short-term memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory holds information for a very brief period, allowing Alice to recall the question even after a short distraction.

Question 17

Conrad is a participant in a memory experiment.He is shown a grid of letters for a fraction of a second,and then quickly asked to report the letters he saw either in the top,middle,or bottom row.The researchers conducting this experiment are most likely measuring Conrad's _____________ memory.
A)short-term
B)long-term
C)sensory
D)working

Accepted Answer

The experiment describes a brief exposure of stimuli, which implies sensory memory is being studied. Sensory memory holds information for a very short period (fraction of a second) before being either processed further or forgotten.

Question 18

____________ describes the process of moving information from short-term to long-term memory,while ________ is the process of moving it from long-term back to short-term memory.
A)Encoding;storage
B)Encoding;retrieval
C)Rehearsal;encoding
D)Attention;storage

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of initially storing information in memory, while retrieval is the process of accessing that information later. Rehearsal refers to the process of repeating information in order to maintain it in short-term memory, and attention is the initial stage of processing information. Therefore, the only option that accurately describes both the process of moving information from short-term to long-term memory and from long-term back to short-term memory is B) Encoding; retrieval.

Question 19

Why is studying sensory memory so difficult?
A)Sensory stimuli are difficult to reproduce in a laboratory.
B)Sensory memory is processed on an implicit level and cannot be verbalized.
C)The capacity of sensory memory is too vast to be measured.
D)Sensory memory disappears faster than an individual can report.

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is difficult to study because it disappears faster than an individual can report, making it challenging to gather data on its properties and processes.

Question 20

One way to store more information in short-term memory is called ____________,which involves organizing smaller units of information into larger,more meaningful units.
A)rehearsal
B)consolidation
C)chunking
D)dual coding

Accepted Answer

Chunking involves grouping smaller pieces of information together into larger, more meaningful units, allowing for more efficient storage in short-term memory. Rehearsal is simply repeating information over and over again to keep it in short-term memory, consolidation involves transferring information from short-term to long-term memory, and dual coding involves encoding information in both verbal and visual forms.

Quiz 7: C: Memory

_________ is required to move sensory information into short-term memory.

________ is a technique used to increase the amount of information held in short-term memory.

When asked to recall single-digit numbers presented in various digit span sizes,the typical adult would probably start to encounter difficulty once they got past ________ digits.

Auditory information remains in the sensory store for about

What is the correct order for shortest to longest duration of memory?

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model,human memory consists of ____________ memory stores.

Carlos finds a friend on Facebook whom he has not talked to in years.As they reminisce about things that happened 10 years ago,the information from old memories is transferred from Carlos' long-term memory into his short-term memory.This process is known as

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory consists of ,which retain information,and ,which shift information from one type of memory to another.

Using the partial report method,Sperling found the capacity of iconic memory could hold

In the partial report method of Sperling's study of sensory memory,participants were asked to report

Which memory system holds information about all surrounding stimuli present at a particular moment?

Loni is asked to memorize the letters <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>I K T E A L N</i> in no particular order.She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>INK</i> and <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>LATE</i>.This tactic is called

The 'magical' number that describes short-term memory capacity is

Visual images remain in sensory memory for about

The auditory form of sensory memory is known as __ memory,while the visual form is known as _.

Alice was distracted when her friend asked her a question.She started to ask her friend to repeat the question,when she suddenly realized what her friend had been asking her.This is likely because the question was still stored in her

Conrad is a participant in a memory experiment.He is shown a grid of letters for a fraction of a second,and then quickly asked to report the letters he saw either in the top,middle,or bottom row.The researchers conducting this experiment are most likely measuring Conrad's _____________ memory.

____ describes the process of moving information from short-term to long-term memory,while is the process of moving it from long-term back to short-term memory.

Why is studying sensory memory so difficult?

One way to store more information in short-term memory is called ____________,which involves organizing smaller units of information into larger,more meaningful units.