Deck 14: Introduction to Additional Research Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes Research

Question 1

In outcomes research,a magnet-designated hospital is an example of which type of variable?

A) Dependent
B) Intervention
C) Outcome
D) Structural

Answer 1

Structural

Question 2

What is an important aspect of outcomes research as defined by Donabedian?

A) Selection of only proximal outcomes to streamline outcomes research
B) The need for patients or recipients of care to define which outcomes are desirable
C) The need to link outcomes with specific nursing processes
D) The use of population groups rather than individuals for outcome studies

Answer 2

The need to link outcomes with specific nursing processes

Question 3

Which is an example of a distal outcome in outcomes research?

A) Glucose monitoring skills in patients receiving diabetic teaching
B) Hospital readmission rates in patients admitted for myocardial infarction
C) Pain scores before and after pain medication
D) Patient perception of tobacco advertising among COPD patients

Answer 3

Patient perception of tobacco advertising among COPD patients

Question 4

The National Quality Forum was established in 1999 for which purpose?

A) To identify and develop nursing-sensitive quality measures
B) To support state and health system efforts to implement and evaluate medical liability reform models
C) To allow the AHRQ to expand its work supporting comparative effectiveness research
D) To set standards for healthcare performance measures

Question 5

Which would be an example of an interdependent role for nurses in the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model?

A) Administering a medication to a patient
B) Arranging for home healthcare services
C) Initiating a fall risk protocol
D) Performing an admission assessment

Question 6

To help meet the requirements for magnet recognition,which organization will a hospital participate in?

A) The American Nurses Association (ANA)
B) The Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
C) The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)
D) The National Quality Forum (NQF)

Question 7

Which is an important finding in outcomes research about Advanced Practice Nursing (APN)practice?

A) APNs provide care that is equivalent to that provided by doctors at a fraction of the cost.
B) Care by APNs shows equivalent or improved outcomes to that provided by physicians.
C) Hospital readmission rates are slightly higher for patients who use APNs for primary care.
D) The level of patient satisfaction is greater with APNs regardless of clinical outcomes.

Question 8

Which government agency supports research to improve the outcomes and quality of health care?

A) AHRQ
B) ARRA
C) CIHI
D) FDA

Question 9

Which is an example of a type of nursing service that might be evaluated in outcomes research?

A) Application of wound care products
B) Clinical care protocol implementation
C) Glucose monitoring for newly diagnosed diabetics
D) Using a Braden Scale for skin assessment

Question 10

In critically appraising a mixed-methods design study,the nurse researcher may ask "Was the need to use mixed methods established?" and "Did the mixed-methods strategy fulfill the purpose or purposes of the study." What quality standard criterion is the researcher using?

A) Significance
B) Expertise
C) Methods
D) Appropriateness

Question 11

What mixed-methods design strategy is used when the researcher begins with collection and analysis of qualitative data,followed by collection of quantitative data?

A) Convergent concurrent strategy
B) Exploratory sequential strategy
C) Explanatory sequential strategy
D) Parallel design

Question 12

In an outcome study,a researcher demonstrates a link between the number of mothers who successfully breastfeed their infants and the number of maternal-child nurses who are baccalaureate prepared.This illustrates

A) interdependent nursing role functions.
B) nursing-sensitive patient outcomes.
C) patient-sensitive outcomes.
D) the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model.

Question 13

The mixed-methods design strategy that begins with the collection,analysis,and interpretation of quantitative data,followed by a qualitative phase is known as

A) convergent concurrent strategy.
B) exploratory sequential strategy.
C) explanatory sequential strategy.
D) parallel design.

Question 14

The development of the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set and the Universal Minimum Health Data Set was helped by

A) establishing guidelines for outcomes research.
B) identifying the contribution of nursing care to patient outcomes.
C) prescribing data elements to be monitored in outcomes research.
D) reporting financial and statistical data from hospitals.

Question 15

Which is one of the indicators used by the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)?

A) Assessment,intervention,and reassessment of pediatric pain
B) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA)standards
C) Protocols for monitoring biometric equipment used in hospitals
D) The number of hours hospital residents work per week

Question 16

Which of the following accurately describes the purpose of a mixed-methods study?

A) To capitalize on the weaknesses of numbers and words to answer different components or stages of a research question
B) To capitalize on the weaknesses of numbers and words to answer similar components or stages of a research question
C) To capitalize on the strengths of numbers and words to answer similar components or stages of a research question
D) To capitalize on the strengths of numbers and words to answer different components or stages of a research question

Question 17

A nurse researcher explains the challenges associated with using a mixed-methods design to a group of RN-BSN students? Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching?

A) "The capacity of mixed-methods designs to answer the research question depends on effective methods for integrating the data from each component."
B) "Seeking and receiving funding may be necessary to ensure completion of a study."
C) "The research team should consist of health professionals with similar education and experiences."
D) "Mixed-methods studies require time commitment that may exceed that required for single method studies."

Question 18

What is the key construct in Donabedian's theory of outcomes research?

A) Efficiency of healthcare delivery
B) Healthy outcomes
C) Professional accountability
D) Quality of care

Question 19

Which organization includes nursing-sensitive outcomes measures in its performance measurement portfolio?

A) Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality
B) Department of Health and Human Services
C) National Guideline Clearinghouse
D) National Quality Forum

Question 20

The goal of outcomes research is to

A) determine the most cost-effective nursing interventions in patient care.
B) examine the end results of patient care from various health interventions.
C) help providers make end-of-life decisions about patient care.
D) improve patient satisfaction with nursing care.

Question 21

A nurse identifies an unusual incidence of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)in school-age children in a nearby community and conducts a study to examine exposure to a variety of water pollutants from a local industry.This is an example of a

A) phenomenological study.
B) qualitative study.
C) prospective cohort study.
D) retrospective cohort study.

Question 22

What is the role of evidence-based practice in outcomes research?

A) Evidence-based practice identifies practice standards that can be evaluated using patient outcomes.
B) Evidence-based practice defines practice styles and patterns used in professional practice.
C) The standards used in evidence-based practice clearly identify desired patient outcomes.
D) There is a clear link between evidence-based practice and improved patient outcomes.

Question 23

Which of the following are true statements about the mixed-methods design strategy known as convergent concurrent strategy? Select all that apply.

A) A strategy used when the researcher collects and analyzes quantitative data,and then collects and analyzes qualitative data to explain the quantitative findings.
B) It is selected when a researcher wishes to use quantitative and qualitative methods to confirm,cross-validate,or corroborate findings using a single sample or two samples from the same population.
C) A strategy used when the researcher collects quantitative and qualitative data at the same time,analyzes each set of data,and integrates the findings.
D) It may be used when the researcher wants to expand on what is known about a phenomenon and the researcher does not want the content of the quantitative instruments to bias data collected qualitatively.
E) Parallel design is often called exploratory sequential strategy because quantitative and qualitative data collection processes are conducted at the same time.

Question 24

Which of the following are true statements about critical appraisal of outcomes studies? Select all that apply.

A) Focus on similarity of the exposed cohort and unexposed (control)cohort
B) Focus on adequacy and completeness of follow-up
C) Focus on reliability and validity of the outcome measure(s)
D) Focus on statistical and clinical insignificance of the study findings
E) Focus on differences of the exposed cohort and unexposed (control)cohort

Question 25

A nurse uses a care map to guide nursing interventions for patients with COPD.This is an example of using

A) evidence-based practice.
B) practice patterns.
C) practice styles.
D) standards of care.

Question 26

A researcher wishes to widely disseminate findings of outcomes research to influence practice in a variety of settings.Which methods might this researcher use?

A) A series of presentations and publications in professional and public forums
B) An oral presentation at an international conference
C) Publication in scholarly,peer-reviewed journals
D) Writing about this research in a chapter of a nursing textbook

Question 27

A researcher identifies a group of Native American subjects who are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and follows this group over time to observe actual rates of acquiring this disease.This is an example of a

A) clinical database.
B) prospective cohort study.
C) qualitative study.
D) quasi-experimental study.

Question 28

What type of sample is generally used in outcomes studies?

A) Small sample
B) Heterogeneous sample
C) Homogeneous sample
D) Volunteer sample

Question 29

Which type of study design is commonly used in outcomes studies?

A) Phenomenological
B) Qualitative
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Random-control trial