Deck 13: Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Question 1

A patient brought to the emergency room (ER) with severe burns is requesting something for the excruciating pain and is medicated with morphine. What neurotransmitter is blocked with this medication, thus reducing the pain?

A) Enkephalin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Substance P

Answer 1

Substance P

Question 2

A neurologist is teaching the staff about motor neurons. Which structural classification identifies motor neurons?

A) Unipolar
B) Pseudounipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Multipolar

Answer 2

Multipolar

Question 3

Neurotransmitters interact with the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?

A) The receptor
B) A Nissl body
C) A glial cell
D) The neurofibril

Answer 3

The receptor

Question 4

When a student asks in which region of the neuron do nerve impulses travel the fastest, how should the nurse respond?

A) The large axon
B) The axon hillock
C) The cell body
D) The dendrites

Question 5

When a presynaptic neuron is stimulated in a patient's body by an electrical current, from where are the neurotransmitters released?

A) Microtubules
B) The synaptic bouton
C) The synaptic cleft
D) The terminal receptor

Question 6

During rehabilitation for severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident, a patient reports that her thought processes and ability to concentrate are impaired. Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?

A) The thalamus
B) The limbic system
C) The prefrontal area
D) The occipital lobe

Question 7

Blockage of which of the following would cause hydrocephalus?

A) The cerebral aqueduct
B) The inferior colliculi
C) The red nucleus
D) The tegmentum

Question 8

An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS. Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into?

A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Pseudounipolar
D) Interpolar

Question 9

A nurse is preparing to teach about neurons. Which information should the nurse include?

A) The axon extends from the cell body at the axon hillock.
B) The axon attaches to the cell body by the Nissl body.
C) Axons attach to the cell body by the node of Ranvier.
D) The myelin sheath attaches the axon to the cell body.

Question 10

A nurse is preparing to teach about functions to maintain homeostasis and instinctive behavioural patterns. Which area of the brain is the nurse discussing?

A) The thalamus
B) The medulla
C) The cerebellum
D) The hypothalamus

Question 11

A student nurse asks the nurse what controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate and blood pressure. What is the nurse's best response? These reflex activities are controlled by the:

A) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) cerebrum.

Question 12

Where is the primary visual cortex of the brain located?

A) The frontal lobe
B) The temporal lobe
C) The occipital lobe
D) The parietal lobe

Question 13

When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fibre tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, what term should the nurse use?

A) Peduncle
B) Corpus callosum
C) Basal ganglia
D) Pons

Question 14

A cell was isolated from the CNS. A researcher revealed that its main function was to clear cellular debris. What type of cell is the researcher studying?

A) Astrocyte
B) Ependymal cell
C) Microglial cell
D) Schwann cell

Question 15

When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls, how should the nurse respond?

A) It controls heart rate.
B) It controls spinal cord function.
C) It controls skeletal muscle action.
D) It regulates smooth muscle organs.

Question 16

A patient is looking at a picture of the brain and points to the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum. What does the nurse say about these convolutions?

A) They are called sulci.
B) They are called fissures.
C) The convolutions are reticular formations.
D) The convolutions are called gyri.

Question 17

Which neurons have the capacity for regeneration?

A) Unmyelinated neurons in the brain
B) Myelinated neurons in the spinal cord
C) Myelinated peripheral neurons
D) Postganglionic motor neurons

Question 18

What area of the brain is responsible for wakefulness and attention?

A) The corpora quadrigemina
B) The reticular activating system
C) The cerebellum
D) The hypothalamus

Question 19

A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech. Which area is the neurologist discussing?

A) Wernicke area
B) Broca area
C) Brodmann area 4
D) Brodmann area 6

Question 20

If a neuron's membrane potential is held close to the threshold potential by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), what state is the neuron in?

A) A hyperpolarized state
B) A facilitated state
C) An integrated state
D) An inhibited state

Question 21

A neurologist is teaching about sensory pathways. Which information should the neurologist include?

A) Sensory pathways are found in the corticospinal tract.
B) Sensory pathways begin in the pyramids.
C) Sensory pathways are found in the spinothalamic tract.
D) Sensory pathways form the anterior columns.

Question 22

The nurse is assessing the patient with a pen light. The integrity of which cranial nerve is being evaluated?

A) Olfactory
B) Vagus
C) Oculomotor
D) Trigeminal

Question 23

When a patient's vagus nerve is stimulated, what does the nurse expect to observe?

A) Increased gastrointestinal activity
B) Increased heart rate
C) Pupil constriction
D) Vasoconstriction

Question 24

A patient suffers from head trauma that affects cranial nerve I. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect?

A) Visual disturbances
B) Loss of sense of smell
C) Loss of ability to taste
D) Hearing disturbances

Question 25

Which neurotransmitter is released when a patient's parasympathetic motor neurons are stimulated?

A) Epinephrine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Substance P

Question 26

What should a nurse remember about upper motor neurons?

A) They directly innervate skeletal muscles.
B) They are responsible for influencing and modifying spinal reflex arcs.
C) They have cell bodies located in the grey matter of the spinal cord.
D) They have dendritic processes extending out of the CNS.

Question 27

What type of cell supports the forming of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

A) Endothelial
B) Schwann
C) Oligodendrocyte
D) Astrocyte

Question 28

Which action will occur when a patient's α₁-receptors are stimulated?

A) Dilation of the coronary arteries
B) Vasoconstriction of arteries
C) Increase in the strength of myocardial contraction
D) Decrease in the rate of myocardial contraction

Question 29

A nurse remembers that the brain receives approximately ____% of the cardiac output.

A) 80
B) 40
C) 20
D) 10

Question 30

What term should the nurse use when talking about the outermost membrane surrounding the brain?

A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Pia mater
D) Falx cerebri

Question 31

From what areas of the brain is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resorbed?

A) The arachnoid villi
B) The epidural foramina regions
C) The lateral apertures
D) The choroid plexuses

Question 32

A nurse is monitoring intracranial pressure. A nurse recalls that the normal upper limit of intracranial pressure is _______ mm Hg.

Question 33

A nurse is discussing the membrane that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum. What term should the nurse use to describe this membrane?

A) Tentorium cerebelli
B) Falx cerebri
C) Arachnoid membrane
D) Temporal lobe

Question 34

When a patient wants to know how many vertebrae make up the vertebral column, the nurse responds with _____.

Question 35

Which structure ensures collateral blood flow from blood vessels supplying the brain?

A) Carotid arteries
B) Basal artery
C) Circle of Willis
D) Vertebral arteries

Question 36

A nurse is teaching about the area of the spinal cord that contains cell bodies involved in the autonomic nervous system. What area is the nurse discussing?

A) The anterior horn
B) The ventral horn
C) The lateral horn
D) The dorsal horn

Question 37

A patient presents with altered respiratory patterns following head trauma. Based on the symptoms, which of the following areas does the nurse suspect is injured?

A) The cerebrum
B) The cerebellum
C) The midbrain
D) The medulla oblongata

Question 38

Which of the following are types of neuroglial cell? (Select all that apply.)

A) Astrocyte
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Neuron
D) Ependymal cell
E) Melanocyte

Question 39

A patient begins taking a new drug that causes pupil dilation, vasoconstriction, decreased gastrointestinal motility, and goose bumps. Which of the following receptors are activated?

A) . $\alpha$ 1
B) Á2
C) . $\beta$ 1
D) . $\beta$ 2