Deck 4: Values, attitudes, and Work Behaviour

Question 1

Mark says that he is happy with his salary,but finds that his job is not very challenging.This illustrates the concept of

A)discrepancy.
B)inequity.
C)facet satisfaction.
D)distributive fairness.
E)procedural fairness.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Alice perceives her job inputs as high and her job outcomes as high.Alice perceives Jane's inputs as low and her outcomes as low.Jane's perceptions are identical to Alice's in all respects.According to equity theory

A)both women are experiencing inequity.
B)Alice experiences inequity but Jane doesn't.
C)Jane experiences inequity but Alice doesn't.
D)both women are experiencing equity.
E)both women should earn exactly the same income.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

One reason why two people performing the same job may have different attitudes towards that job is that

A)they may differ in their perceptions concerning the actual nature of the job.
B)they may differ in their beliefs about the job.
C)they may differ in what they want from the job.
D)they may have different work values.
E)all of the above.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What role do rewards play in the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance?

A)Employees who are satisfied are more likely to be rewarded so they will perform better.
B)Employees who are rewarded will be more satisfied so they will perform better.
C)Employees who perform better will be rewarded so they will be more likely to be satisfied.
D)Employees who perform better will be more satisfied so they will be more likely to be rewarded.
E)Employees who are rewarded will perform better so they will be more likely to be satisfied.

Question 5

Discrepancy theory suggests that job dissatisfaction develops when

A)supervisors and employees differ radically in their values.
B)workers don't see their jobs as offering what they want.
C)job outcomes don't match job inputs.
D)work is unchallenging and repetitive.
E)workers begin to take benefits for granted.

Question 6

According to Geert Hofstede's research,the most individualistic culture is that of

A)Venezuela.
B)Japan.
C)the United States.
D)Colombia.
E)Pakistan.

Question 7

A fairly stable evaluative tendency to respond consistently to some specific object,situation,person,or category of people is called a(n)

A)belief.
B)value.
C)attitude.
D)facet.
E)cognitive dissonance.

Question 8

Which of the following equations is accurate?

A)Attitude + value = belief.
B)Belief + value = attitude.
C)Attitude + belief = value.
D)Input + outcome = equity.
E)Belief + behaviour = attitude.

Question 9

Attitudes are a function of

A)what we think and what we see.
B)what we do and what we want.
C)what we think and what we feel.
D)what we obtain and what we want.
E)what we feel and intend to do.

Question 10

In a collective culture

A)it may be a good idea to reward groups rather than individuals.
B)power distance tends to be low.
C)privacy and personal initiatives are stressed.
D)loyalty to one's family or clan are downplayed.
E)interdependence is minimized.

Question 11

The contemporary view of the relationship between job satisfaction and performance suggests that

A)performance is just as likely to contribute to job satisfaction as job satisfaction is to contribute to performance.
B)job satisfaction is more likely to contribute to performance.
C)performance is more likely to contribute to job satisfaction.
D)job satisfaction is unlikely to contribute to performance and job performance is unlikely to contribute to job satisfaction.
E)the relationship between job satisfaction and performance depends on other things.

Question 12

In which of the following is work viewed as most important and central in life?

A)Germany
B)The United States
C)Britain
D)Japan
E)The Netherlands

Question 13

If a manager wants to increase the job satisfaction of employees,he should

A)give everybody a pay increase.
B)provide rewards for good performance.
C)increase employees' outcomes.
D)increase employees' affective commitment.
E)give employees the job outcomes that they want.

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning values is FALSE?

A)Values are randomly distributed across the population.
B)Members of different occupational groups tend to hold different values.
C)Value differences may be responsible for conflict between people from different occupational groups.
D)Values are relatively stable.
E)Values are learned through reinforcement processes.

Question 15

What job satisfaction facet is most likely to stimulate high performance?

A)Pay
B)Content of the work
C)Supervision
D)People
E)Promotion

Question 16

The collection of attitudes that workers have about their jobs is called

A)discrepancy.
B)equity.
C)performance.
D)job satisfaction.
E)beliefs.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a job input,according to equity theory?

A)Education
B)Pay
C)Seniority
D)Hard work
E)Experience

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the cultural value of power distance is FALSE?

A)High power distance cultures tend to also be individualistic,rather than collective,cultures.
B)Superiors tend to be accessible in low power distance cultures.
C)In high power distance cultures the unequal distribution of power is acceptable to members of the culture.
D)Denmark has lower power distance than Mexico.
E)Japan has higher power distance than Canada.

Question 19

According to Geert Hofstede's research,the most masculine culture is that of

A)Norway.
B)the United States.
C)Japan.
D)Sweden.
E)Canada.

Question 20

In Geert Hofstede's survey of values across cultures,individualistic societies can be contrasted most readily with ________ societies.

A)low power distance
B)collective
C)masculine
D)weak uncertainty avoidance
E)feminine

Question 21

What job satisfaction facets does the Job Descriptive Index measure?

A)Work,security,people,pay,promotions
B)Work,security,people,rewards,promotions
C)Work,supervision,people,rewards,promotions
D)Work,supervision,people,pay,promotions
E)Security,people,pay,rewards,promotions

Question 22

Which of the following would NOT be part of an equity equation involving you and your co-worker Darlene?

A)Your inputs
B)Darlene's inputs
C)Darlene's outputs
D)Your outcomes
E)Darlene's outcomes

Question 23

To increase organizational citizenship behaviour,

A)reduce turnover.
B)increase job satisfaction.
C)increase performance.
D)decrease procedural fairness.
E)reduce organizational commitment.

Question 24

What factor would be most likely to boost continuance commitment?

A)A generous pension fund
B)Interesting work
C)Organizational ideology
D)Friendly supervision
E)Moving to a new community

Question 25

In order to predict turnover it would be most useful to know a person's

A)overall level of job satisfaction.
B)satisfaction with various facets of the job.
C)organizational commitment.
D)intentions about quitting.
E)attitude towards their coworkers.

Question 26

Organizational citizenship behaviour is

A)one of Geert Hofstede's work-related value dimensions.
B)unlikely to be rewarded directly and explicitly by the organization.
C)likely to occur when employees experience inequity.
D)included in most job descriptions.
E)unrelated to job satisfaction.

Question 27

Tom recently started working at his fifth job in ten years.Tom has been happy at all of his jobs.This suggests that his job satisfaction is

A)a product of distributive fairness.
B)mainly due to situational factors.
C)partially due to his disposition.
D)a product of procedural fairness.
E)highest when the employment opportunity is only short term.

Question 28

Here is an equity equation for Louis and Rita,both of whom agree that all figures are accurate:
Louis: Rita:
Inputs = 7 Inputs = 5
According to equity theory,a.Rita should be experiencing inequity.
b.Louis should be experiencing equity.
c.Louis and Rita should be experiencing equity.
d.Rita and Louis should be experiencing job satisfaction.
e.None of the above

Question 29

Which job satisfaction facet is the best predictor of absence from work?

A)Pay
B)Supervision
C)Content of the work
D)Co-workers
E)Hours of work

Question 30

To increase the overall job satisfaction of an employee,

A)increase organizational citizenship behaviour.
B)create a discrepancy between desired and actual outcomes.
C)use the Job Descriptive Index.
D)increase facet satisfaction.
E)reduce turnover.

Question 31

People with the following personality traits tend to be more satisfied with their jobs.

A)Extraverted and open to experience
B)Extraverted and conscientious
C)Open to experience and conscientious
D)Open to experience and agreeable
E)Extraverted and high in neuroticism

Question 32

Job satisfaction research has pointed to the influence of dispositional factors because

A)identical twins raised apart tend to have similar levels of job satisfaction.
B)job satisfaction is stable over time,regardless of current employer.
C)adolescent dispositional measures correlate with job satisfaction.
D)optimists with realistic thinking processes are more likely to be satisfied.
E)All of the above

Question 33

What are emotions?

A)Intense,often long-lived,feelings caused by a particular event
B)Subtle,often long-lived,diffuse feelings
C)Intense,often short-lived,diffuse feelings
D)Intense,often short-lived,feelings caused by a particular event
E)Subtle,often short-lived,diffuse feelings

Question 34

Distributive fairness results in

A)equity.
B)procedural fairness.
C)cognitive dissonance.
D)work centrality.
E)disposition.

Question 35

What are moods?

A)Intense,long-lived,diffuse feelings
B)Not so intense,often short-lived,diffuse feelings
C)Not so intense,long-lived,diffuse feelings
D)Intense,often short-lived,feelings caused by a particular event
E)Not so intense,long-lived,feelings caused by a particular event

Question 36

Organizational citizenship behaviour

A)involves carrying out one's assigned job duties to the best of one's ability.
B)is positively related to job satisfaction.
C)is negatively related to equity.
D)is an important evaluation component in most formal performance review systems.
E)is usually rewarded through formal performance evaluations.

Question 37

Which of the following is true?

A)Pay is often considered an input in equity theory.
B)The Job Descriptive Index measures job satisfaction.
C)The Job Descriptive Index measures how happy employees are with various aspects of their job.
D)The values held by members of various occupations are remarkably similar.
E)The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire uses responses of "yes," "no," and "I don't know."

Question 38

Carefully applying equity theory should have a direct effect upon

A)procedural fairness.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)discrepancy theory.
D)distributive fairness.
E)interactional fairness.

Question 39

All forms of organizational commitment are related to

A)promotions.
B)performance.
C)turnover.
D)organizational citizenship behaviour.
E)absenteeism.

Question 40

What are Gen X and Y more inclined to value than boomers?

A)Money,challenge,and rapid career growth
B)Money,flexibility,and status
C)Flexibility,status,and rapid career growth
D)Money,flexibility,and rapid career growth
E)Money,status,and rapid career growth

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of affect events theory and job satisfaction?

A)The tendency for people to conform to certain "display rules" in their job satisfaction in spite of their mood or emotions
B)The tendency for job satisfaction to spread between people or throughout a group
C)When certain "shocks" such as an unsolicited job offer lowers one's job satisfaction and leads to turnover
D)Seeing a co-worker receiving more outcomes even though your inputs are greater lowers one's job satisfaction.
E)Seeing a co-worker being put down by a manager provokes emotional anger and lowers one's job satisfaction.

Question 42

As a manager,you have to communicate to employees their work outcomes.You are concerned about interactional fairness,which means that your communication must be

A)positive and informative.
B)positive and respectful.
C)open and honest.
D)respectful and honest.
E)respectful and informative.

Question 43

Although one's behaviour is not necessarily consistent with attitude,behaviour is most likely to correspond to attitude when one has a direct experience with the target of the attitude and

A)the target person is about to be fired from their position.
B)the target person is of a lower organizational rank.
C)the attitude is held confidently.
D)the attitude is socially acceptable.
E)All of the above

Question 44

According to the model of employee turnover in the text,what two factors are directly related to turnover?

A)Job satisfaction and organizational commitment
B)Job satisfaction and turnover intentions
C)Turnover intentions and organizational commitment
D)Turnover intentions and comparison of alternatives
E)Job satisfaction and comparison of alternatives

Question 45

What is interactional fairness?

A)When employees have interactions with each other that they perceive to be fair
B)When employees have interactions with their managers that they perceive to be fair
C)When people feel that they have received respectful and informative communication about some outcome
D)When people see the process used to determine outcomes as reasonable
E)When people receive what they think they deserve from their jobs

Question 46

What is the relationship between employee job satisfaction,customer satisfaction,and organizational profitability?

A)Employee job satisfaction is not related to customer satisfaction or organizational profitability.
B)Employee job satisfaction is related to customer satisfaction and organizational profitability.
C)Employee job satisfaction is related to customer satisfaction but not organizational profitability.
D)Employee job satisfaction is related to organizational profitability but not customer satisfaction.
E)Employee job satisfaction is not related to customer satisfaction,but customer satisfaction is related to organizational profitability.

Question 47

Which of the following best represents the relationship between personality and job satisfaction?

A)People high in self-esteem and neuroticism are more satisfied.
B)People high in self-esteem and neuroticism are less satisfied.
C)People high in self-esteem and external locus of control are more satisfied.
D)People with internal locus of control and high in neuroticism are more satisfied.
E)People high in self-esteem and internal locus of control are more satisfied.

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of emotional regulation?

A)Employees are supposed to remain calm and civil even when hassled or insulted.
B)Employees are supposed to be perky and upbeat even when they feel down.
C)Employees are supposed to be nice to customers even when they are angry at them.
D)Employees are supposed to repress their anger when dealing with customers.
E)All of the above

Question 49

The requirement for people to conform to certain "display rules" in their job behaviour in spite of their true mood or emotions is known as

A)emotional contagion.
B)affective events theory.
C)emotional regulation.
D)emotional display.
E)emotional opposition.

Question 50

Which of the following jobs are especially laden with display rules?

A)Waiter,dishwasher,cook
B)Waiter,bank teller,dishwasher
C)Waiter,bank teller,cook
D)Waiter,bank teller,flight attendant
E)Waiter,dishwasher,flight attendant

Question 51

According to the model of employee turnover in the text,what contributes to turnover intentions?

A)Job satisfaction,organizational commitment,and "shocks"
B)Job satisfaction,mentally challenging work,and "shocks"
C)Job satisfaction,organizational commitment,and mentally challenging work
D)Mentally challenging work,supervision,and adequate compensation
E)Mentally challenging work,adequate compensation,and career opportunities

Question 52

If you experience interactional unfairness at work,how will this affect your satisfaction?

A)You will be dissatisfied with the system.
B)You will be dissatisfied with your co-workers.
C)You will be dissatisfied with your boss.
D)You will be dissatisfied with yourself.
E)You will be dissatisfied with your friends.

Question 53

You have two friends who are going to start new jobs after they graduate.Your friend Sasha has always had high self-esteem and your friend Ellen is someone with an external locus of control.How satisfied do you think your friends will be with their new jobs?

A)They will both have high job satisfaction.
B)They will both have low job satisfaction.
C)Ellen will be more satisfied than Sasha.
D)Sasha will be more satisfied than Ellen.
E)It depends on the jobs they have.

Question 54

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between cognitive demands,pay,and emotional labour?

A)Occupations with high cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are low in emotional labour.
B)Occupations with low cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are high in emotional labour.
C)Occupations with low cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are low in emotional labour.
D)Occupations with high cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are high in emotional labour.
E)Occupations with high cognitive demands tend to be paid more regardless of the amount of emotional labour involved.

Question 55

Which of the following is most accurate about the negative effects of distributive unfairness?

A)Procedural fairness but not interactional fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness.
B)Interactional fairness but not procedural fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness.
C)Procedural fairness and interactional fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness.
D)Neither procedural fairness nor interactional fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness.
E)The negative effects of distributive unfairness can only be offset by distributive fairness.

Question 56

If you experience procedural unfairness at work,how will this affect your satisfaction?

A)You will be dissatisfied with your boss.
B)You will be dissatisfied with your pay.
C)You will be dissatisfied with your job.
D)You will be dissatisfied with the system.
E)You will be dissatisfied with your coworkers.

Question 57

Mika has just interviewed a job applicant for a position in her organization.She asked the applicant what the most important thing to him/her was.The answer was money.What can we conclude about the job applicant?

A)The applicant is a baby boomer.
B)The applicant is a traditionalist.
C)The applicant is a boomer or Gen X.
D)The applicant is a Gen X or Gen Y.
E)The applicant is a boomer or Gen Y.

Question 58

Which of the following is an example of emotional contagion?

A)Pleasant service encounters contribute to the service provider's satisfaction as well as to that of the customer.
B)All employees must do certain things in spite of their true mood and emotions to provide pleasant service encounters.
C)An employee who has low satisfaction at work will also have low satisfaction outside of work.
D)An employee who is angry at work is also angry at home.
E)When an employee's emotions are in a constant state of change

Question 59

People who experience interactional unfairness are likely to be dissatisfied with

A)their pay.
B)their co-workers.
C)their boss.
D)their job.
E)their status.

Question 60

Which of the following is an accurate description of how Gen Ys and Xers differ from Boomers?

A)Gen Ys and Xers see work as less central,value leisure more,and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
B)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central,value leisure more,and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
C)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central,value leisure more,and are less inclined towards work-life balance.
D)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central,value leisure less,and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
E)Gen Ys and Xers see work as less central,value leisure less,and are less inclined towards work-life balance.

Question 61

You have a friend who has told you that she feels that leaving her organization will result in personal sacrifice.What can you say about your friend?

A)She has high affective commitment.
B)She has low affective commitment.
C)She has high continuance commitment.
D)She has low continuance commitment.
E)She has high normative commitment.

Question 62

Your three best friends all found jobs after graduation.Jack has just found out that he has to attend a training program.Jamal has just announced that he is getting a divorce.And Jenna is complaining about her boss who has been pushing her to work harder.Which friend(s)is most likely to quit?

A)Jenna
B)Jenna and Jack
C)Jamal and Jenna
D)Jamal
E)Jack

Question 63

According to Geert Hofstede's large survey,Japan is the most masculine society.

Question 64

You have three friends who have been working since they graduated.Tom has the best paying job.Kamal has the most challenging job.Leanne has the least stressful job.Which friend(s)is least likely to be absent from work?

A)Kamal
B)Kamal and Tom
C)Tom and Leanne
D)Tom
E)Leanne

Question 65

What is proper sequence of events in the progression of withdrawal?

A)Reduced job performance,lateness,absenteeism,turnover
B)Reduced organizational citizenship behaviours,lateness,absenteeism,turnover
C)Lateness,reduced job performance,absenteeism,turnover
D)Lateness,reduced organizational citizenship behaviours,absenteeism,turnover
E)Reduced job performance,reduced organizational citizenship behaviours,absenteeism,turnover

Question 66

What type of commitment is negatively related to performance?

A)Affective commitment
B)Affective commitment and normative commitment
C)Continuance commitment
D)Continuance commitment and normative commitment
E)Normative commitment

Question 67

What is the last withdrawal response in the progression of withdrawal?

A)Absenteeism
B)Turnover
C)Lateness
D)Reduced job performance
E)Reduced organizational citizenship behaviours

Question 68

Zoran has noticed that some of his employees have reduced their organizational citizenship behaviours.He is concerned that this could progress to other forms of withdrawal.What might happen next?

A)Employees might reduce their job performance.
B)Employees might come to work late.
C)Employees might be absent more often
D)Employees might quit.
E)Employees might stop helping each other.

Question 69

You have a friend who has told you that he has received many benefits from his organization and,as a result,he feels a sense of obligation.What can you say about your friend?

A)He has high affective commitment.
B)He has low affective commitment.
C)He has high continuance commitment.
D)He has low continuance commitment.
E)He has high normative commitment.

Question 70

A large scale survey of values has shown that Americans rank slightly above the Japanese in the extent to which work is a central life interest.

Question 71

Which one of your friends is experiencing a "honeymoon effect"?

A)Jenna has just returned home from her honeymoon and now must begin her new job.
B)Luke has just quit a job that had many things he did not like,started a new job with many things he likes,and knows there will be even more good things to come.
C)Sally has just started her first job and likes many things about it and does not yet know about some other things that she will not like.
D)Thelma has just quit a job that had many things she did not like,started a new job with many things she likes,and does not yet know about some other things she will not like.
E)Christine has just quit a job that had many things she did not like,started a new job with many things she likes,and does not yet know about some other things that she will also like.

Question 72

When is behaviour most likely to correspond to attitudes?

A)When people have held the attitude for a long time and the attitude is held confidently
B)When people have held the attitude for a long time and the attitude is held in different situations
C)When people have direct experience with the target of the attitude and the attitude is held confidently
D)When people have direct experience with the target of the attitude and the attitude is held in different situations
E)When people have direct experience with the type of attitude and the attitude is held in different situations

Question 73

What is often the first withdrawal response in the progression of withdrawal?

A)Absenteeism
B)Turnover
C)Lateness
D)Reduced job performance
E)Reduced organizational citizenship behaviours

Question 74

Certain socialization practices that emphasize loyalty to the organization can stimulate

A)affective commitment.
B)affective commitment and normative commitment.
C)continuance commitment.
D)continuance commitment and normative commitment.
E)normative commitment.

Question 75

What type of commitment increases with the time a person is employed by an organization?

A)Affective commitment
B)Affective commitment and normative commitment
C)Continuance commitment
D)Continuance commitment and normative commitment
E)Normative commitment

Question 76

Emotional labour is an informal term for

A)emotional contagion.
B)emotionally challenging work.
C)emotional regulation.
D)emotional work conditions.
E)emotional dispositions.

Question 77

If you have a friend who is experiencing the "honeymoon-hangover effect," what does this say about your friend's job satisfaction?

A)He/she was more satisfied on an old job than on a new job.
B)He/she is just as satisfied on a new job as on an old job.
C)His/her job satisfaction on a new job decreases and then increases.
D)His/her job satisfaction on a new job increases and then decreases.
E)His/her job satisfaction on a new job increases and then stays at the same level.

Question 78

Gwen,a manager of a toy manufacturing company,has just spoken to an employee who has indicated she has very low affective organizational commitment.What should Gwen do to increase the employees' commitment?

A)Give her more pay
B)Give her a promotion
C)Give her more interesting work
D)Give her more flexible work hours
E)Give her more time off

Question 79

Research shows that there is sometimes a progression of withdrawal in response to job dissatisfaction.Which of the following is often the first withdrawal response?

A)Lateness
B)Reduced organizational citizenship behaviours
C)Absenteeism
D)Turnover
E)Reduced job performance

Question 80

When it comes to organizational commitment,which of the following is considered to be an especially bad combination for both the employee and the organization?

A)High normative commitment and low affective commitment
B)Low normative commitment and high affective commitment
C)High continuance commitment and low affective commitment
D)Low continuance commitment and low affective commitment
E)Low continuance commitment and high normative commitment