Deck 3: Listening and Information Processing

Question 1

The first thing that must happen for listening to occur is

A) physical reception.
B) electrochemical response.
C) conscious decision.
D) subconscious processing.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Intrapersonal Information Flow model was adapted from an earlier model developed by

A) Wolvin and Coakley.
B) Roach, Barker, and Fitch-Hauser.
C) The National Communication Association.
D) The International Listening Association.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the Intrapersonal Information Flow model, when internal stimuli prevent one from listening, they become

A) cognitive internal.
B) external interference.
C) internal noise.
D) external stimuli.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Min has a headache that is preventing her from fully paying attention during class lecture. Min is experiencing

A) physical internal stimuli.
B) internal noise.
C) cognitive internal stimuli.
D) external interference.

Question 5

One's perception of something as true or real is called what?

A) a. Belief
B) Attitude
C) Script
D) Value

Question 6

Each morning, Ia lets the dog out, grinds coffee beans, and then lets the dog back in. This information is most likely in which of Ia's information processing bins?

A) Emotional
B) Instinctive
C) Cognitive
D) Mechanical

Question 7

Information pertaining to the act of blinking when your eyes need moisture would fall in which bin?

A) Emotional
B) Cognitive
C) Instinctive
D) Mechanical

Question 8

The active contents of our memory is

A) active memory.
B) cognitive memory.
C) neural memory.
D) working memory.

Question 9

Hernando's memories of his wedding celebration from 20 years ago would most likely be stored in his

A) active memory.
B) short-term memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) working memory.

Question 10

A cognitive structure consisting of representations of some defined area is a 9

A) schema.
B) script.
C) system.
D) stereotype.

Question 11

If our schemas and scripts are repeated over and over, which of the following will most likely happen?

A) Scripts will become unnecessary.
B) Schemas and scripts will be reinforced.
C) Schemas and scripts will decay.
D) Both the schemas and scripts will be challenged.

Question 12

Who wrote the seminal research indicating that when narrative information triggers a familiar story line, one might rely on a script instead of incoming information?

A) Worthington and Abbot
B) Schank and Abelson
C) Barker and Kandel
D) Janusik and Bem

Question 13

"Men with British accents are more attractive and make for much better friends" is best described as a

A) people schema.
B) script.
C) stereotype.
D) tag.

Question 14

Raewynne assumes that if she goes to law school, she will make a lot of money because lawyers are usually very wealthy. In this thinking, Raewynne is using which type of people schema?

A) Scholastic schema
B) External schema
C) Event schema
D) Occupational schema

Question 15

Carson hears his friends talking about the recent government decision to defund a student loan program. Carson doesn't have student loans, but he feels like this could affect his friends, and so listens to learn more details. Carson is experiencing which type of schema processing?

A) Suspending information
B) Discounting information
C) Reevaluating schema
D) Contradictory schema decay

Question 16

Donna is re-telling a story about a recent restaurant experience. The food she received at the restaurant was not prepared how she ordered it, and the restaurant smelled overwhelmingly of fish. Donna does not plan to return to the restaurant. When Donna's friend asks about the cleanliness of the restaurant and the wait staff, Donna doesn't remember specific details and says, "Oh, I feel like everything was just dirty. It was just so bad." Donna's response to her friend includes

A) interpretive processing.
B) schema-based distortion.
C) rational processing.
D) value-based distortion.

Question 17

Schema theory helps explain what listeners do with information in which of the following ways?

A) Schema theory shows that information processing is predictable.
B) Schema theory accounts for the effect of culture on information processing.
C) Schemas help listeners realize that context is not as important as their choice to listen.
D) Schemas help us understand that framing and priming have little influence.

Question 18

Listening will happen whether we choose to do it or not.

Question 19

External interferences are any sign, signal, or stimulus picked up by the senses.

Question 20

Internal stimuli can be physical, cognitive, or emotional.

Question 21

Stereotypes are one kind of perceptual screen.

Question 22

"We should be strong of mind and of body" is a statement of belief.

Question 23

The cognitive information bin includes one's attitudes, values, and beliefs.

Question 24

Eric Kandel found that repeated stimulation of neurons led to long-term memory of appropriate reactions.

Question 25

The instinctive information bin includes one's instincts about people and appropriate behaviors.

Question 26

One can understand most incoming information without using long-term memory.

Question 27

Clues in a message that signal to a listener how he or she should interpret the message are called primes.

Question 28

Schemas and scripts start developing when young children begin interacting with other young children.

Question 29

Schemas can be strengthened or weakened by experiences.

Question 30

Schemas help listeners predict what will be said next in a conversation.

Question 31

When information does not fit into our schemata, we ignore it.

Question 32

It is possible to develop new schemas based on information that might contradict one's current schema.

Question 33

Stereotypes can be generated from personal experiences with particular groups of people and from experiences witness in the media.

Question 34

Gender schemata are defined primarily by interpersonal relationships.

Question 35

Culture influences one's development of a schema and how one uses schemata.

Question 36

____________________ is noise that makes it difficult to identify external stimulus.

Question 37

The neural reception of a stimulus is __________ .

Question 38

One's view of whether something is good or bad is a(n) __________.

Question 39

Knowing how to use a coffee maker every morning without reading directions would best belong in the __________ bin?

Question 40

Your knowledge of running when in fear would best belong in the __________ bin.

Question 41

According to the text authors, short-term working memory is the __________ link in the Listening MATERRS model.

Question 42

Structures that promote a particular evaluation of a message are called __________.

Question 43

"If you have an apple a day, the doctor will stay away" is framed as a____________________ statement.

Question 44

A sequence of actions associated with a particular event is a(n) __________.

Question 45

Expectations about how the social world works are broadly known as __________
schemata.

Question 46

Information that one thinks is noteworthy but is not sure where to place is called__________.

Question 47

Schemas with value-laden people beliefs are called __________.

Question 48

Acknowledging the appropriate behavior in a five-star restaurant is part of the__________ schema.

Question 49

Your great Uncle's belief that, "Doctors are men. Nurses are women," is part of his__________ schema.

Question 50

The theory that shows human information processing is a dynamic process is called__________theory.

Question 51

What are the primary parts of the Intrapersonal Information Flow model?

Question 52

How are internal stimuli and internal noise related?

Question 53

What occurs during the Reception stage of the Intrapersonal Information Flow model?

Question 54

Identify and define the different information bins.

Question 55

Define the terms attitude, value, and belief.

Question 56

What is the instinctive bin and how is it important to the study of listening?

Question 57

How does priming affect information processing?

Question 58

In two to three sentences, describe how schemas affect our structural expectations of information.

Question 59

How are stereotypes different than people schemata?

Question 60

What kind of exposure to another culture is needed to build schemata?

Question 61

In comparison to inconsistent information, how is schema-consistent information recalled in terms of time and accuracy?

Question 62

What are schema-based distortions?

Question 63

Define and provide an example of an event schema, occupational schema, and gender schema.

Question 64

Explain how schemas are reinforced.

Question 65

Identify and define three specific ways in which a person can respond to contradictory information.

Question 66

Schema theory helps explain four distinct ways listeners process information. Identify and describe each of these ways using examples.