Deck 1: College Writing Skills with Readings

Question 1

IDENTIFYING ADEQUATELY DEVELOPED PARAGRAPHS
Each of the following body paragraphs is part of a larger essay. Two of the paragraphs provide sufficient details to support their topic sentences convincingly. Write AD for adequate development beside those paragraphs. There are also two paragraphs that, in large part, use vague, wordy, or general sentences as a substitute for real supporting details. Write U for underdeveloped beside those paragraphs.
______ 4. Another strange habit shoppers have is rejecting any item that is on top, first in line, or up front. For example, no one takes the top newspaper in a stack or the first magazine in the rack; instead, the shopper takes the second one. Customers also choose the milk or yogurt carton that is farthest away from the front of the shelf, even if the freshness dates are identical. The same principle works with fruit or vegetables. The apple on top of the pile or the stalk of celery nearest the aisle may be perfect, but it will be passed over. Shoppers will stand on tiptoe to reach the rear of the bin or tunnel beneath the pile of produce to find a superior item they believe is hidden there.

Answer 1

AD

Question 2

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 1. Charles Goodyear invented the process that produces rubber. But he died in poverty in 1860, more than $200,000 in debt.

Answer 2

T

Question 3

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR COHERENCE
Read the essay below and then answer the questions about coherence that follow.
Labeling Animals
a In some ways, the human race seems to be in its childhood. The conventional attitude toward animals, for example, makes humanity seem like a tribe of seven-year-olds pulling the wings off flies. Instead of respecting all animals as important parts of the chain of life, humans rate them according to their usefulness. Historically, humankind has failed to recognize animals as anything other than products, toys, or monsters.
b There are the products. These are the animals, such as cattle, pigs, and sheep, that provide much of the world's food. For this reason, people tend to think of them less as living creatures than as growing crops, fattening them up, herding them into slaughterhouses, and carving them into edible portions. These animals are "useful," so the general population has typically positive feelings about them. Humankind's actions show that most people are not actually fond of them. People are willing to lock baby calves into dark boxes for months and then kill them for veal, or cram thousands of chickens into tiny pens and allow them to live for only six weeks. Increased production, not humane treatment, is the bottom line.
c Perhaps the most harmful label that humans pin on animals, though, is that of monster. The general population has use at all for these creatures. They are taught from birth that sharks, snakes, bats, and alligators, for instance, are evil and dangerous. The facts about these animals make no difference to people's emotions. The fact that being attacked by a shark is less likely than being struck by lightning does not stop fishermen from holding shark-killing contests. The fact that a snake is harmless does not stop sadistic hikers from crushing it. Very few will ever be mauled by a grizzly or bobcat or torn apart by wolves, yet many support the extermination of these animals in the name of "safety."
d Advertisers label some animals as toys. These are the lucky ones-the puppies, kittens, pandas, koala bears, bunnies, and porpoises that children consider cute. Toys make people feel sentimental and protective. Many are willing to devote five minutes on the evening news to a baby panda, they stock their children's room with stuffed bunnies, and watch movies about friendly, funny porpoises. No one in their right mind would advocate a puppy-shoot or a koala-killing contest. Toy-like animals may occasionally be neglected or abused by individual owners, but polite society does not allow them to be destroyed on a wholesale basis.
e Labeling animals is not a harmless little quirk that humans have. In separating the animal kingdom into products, toys, and monsters, society has made it easier to brutalize these defenseless creatures. The practice of categorizing has dulled humanity's respect for other living beings and even led to the destruction of entire species. As people dominate animals, they forget to behave as caretakers. This results in a loss of dignity and humanity-not only for the victimized animals, but for their human counterparts as well.
What word is a synonym for animals in the second supporting paragraph? ______________

Answer 3

"creatures"

Question 4

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR UNITY
The supporting paragraphs in the essay below contain four irrelevant sentences that do not relate to the thesis of the paper or support the topic sentences of the paragraph in which they appear. Read the essay carefully; then write the numbers of the four irrelevant sentences in the spaces provided at the bottom.
The Dangers of Housecleaning
(1) Many of the dangers of modern life are not out on the highway or in the workplace.
(2) Instead, dangers lurk where they are least unexpected: at home.
(3) I don't mean the dangers of faulty wiring, cheap ladders, or leaking microwaves.
(4) No, I've found that trying to keep a clean house can be very hazardous to my health. Though our culture associates cleanliness with health and wellness, the truth is quite the opposite. Housekeeping is a deceptively risky act, forcing the cleaner to confront several potential health risks.
(5) For one thing, it does not pay to keep a clean kitchen.
(6) The oven, for instance, fights back.
(7) Whenever I stick my head into the oven's greasy interior to spray it with Easy-Off, I end up being choked by a chemical cloud.
(8) I am glad I don't live in the city, where I would have to put up with air pollution as well.
(9) When I scrub off the foam, I always break off my nails on the black, rock-hard globs cemented to the oven door.
(10) Cleaning the refrigerator can be dangerous, too.
(11) As I lean down to wipe out the vegetable drawer, the open freezer lies in wait.
(12) It knows I must straighten up again, and that I will inevitably bang my head on the freezer door.
(13) Garbage bags also resist tidiness.
(14) When I pull a bag out of the kitchen can, seams split and liquid seeps out onto my shoes.
(15) A jagged can lid slices through the bag, ready to slash my legs if I should bump the bag.
(16) The only bags that don't rip open, it seems, are the ones that cost a fortune to buy.
(17) The living room becomes another danger zone when I attempt to clean.
(18) The light fixtures on the ceiling, for example, resent being taken down for cleaning.
(19) They refuse to come loose from the screws that anchor them; then they drop like rocks to the floor.
(20) Moving furniture to vacuum the rug underneath causes trouble, too.
(21) If I drag a heavy armchair across the rug, one of its legs will snap off.
(22) If I try to lift one side of the heavy sofa, the vacuum cord will wrap around my ankle and trip me.
(23) Moving furniture in general is a lot easier to do when there is someone around to help.
(24) Finally, the most dangerous room to clean is the bathroom.
(25) The bathtub will seek revenge if I try to clean it, for instance.
(26) It will become so slippery that even a rubber bathmat won't stay put.
(27) My particular bathtub is an odd lavender color and has such a curved bottom anyway that it is a hazard to stand in whether it is clean or not.
(28) Taking a shower in my clean tub can end up in a disastrous slip.
(29) The bathroom floor, too, enjoys a layer of dirt.
(30) A clean, waxed floor will attract any stray drops of water in the room in order to turn itself into a slippery skating rink.
(31) A job that always leads to danger is cleaning out the medicine cabinet over the sink.
(32) No matter how careful I am, glass bottles have a way of spilling from the shelves and shattering in the sink.
(33) And finding all the missing slivers is impossible no matter how well I clean up.
(34) Later, as I pad into the bathroom, a glass splinter will dig itself into my foot.
(35) After the experiences I have had in my house, I have decided that keeping a clean house is not as important as I thought. Until homes are safeguarded against the hazards I've described-and chemical companies can promise healthy organic substitutes for products like Easy-Off-there is no sense in risking my well-being in the pursuit of tidiness.
(36) Cleanliness is, in the final estimation, not worth the risk. I would rather live with the dust and grime-and stay healthy.
Numbers of the four irrelevant sentences: _____ _____ _____ _____

Question 5

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR SUPPORT
The essay below lacks details at certain key spots in its three supporting paragraphs. In the spaces provided at the bottom, write in the numbers of the five sentences after which more details are needed.
Leaving Home
(1) Everyone must leave the protection of the nest sooner or later.
(2) Whether young adults leave for college or rent a first apartment, they are certain to encounter problems during this transitional period. The benefits of facing down the pressures and complications of the real world cannot be overstated. Maturity can only be achieved after one leaves the comforts of childhood behind and grapples with the uncertainty and peril that attend personal freedom.
(3) Therefore, young people must learn to handle their own finances, take responsibility for their lives, and cope with loneliness.
(4) Being independent means dealing with money problems.
(5) First of all, a young person has to learn to stick to a budget.
(6) Another part of becoming a financial grown-up is being disciplined enough to save money for emergencies.
(7) Putting money aside in a savings account, instead of spending it instantly, takes maturity and planning.
(8) Such a rainy-day fund can take the panic out of unexpected expenses, such as car repairs, that inevitably occur.
(9) A young person must also work at building a good credit record.
(10) There are some recommended ways to do that.
(11) Bad credit references can haunt people for years.
(12) Second, young adults are faced with taking responsibility for many aspects of their personal lives-perhaps for the first time.
(13) They must learn to meet daily obligations, without being prodded by parents or teachers.
(14) Young people must also take responsibility for household chores.
⁽¹⁵⁾ Suddenly, there is no one to wash dishes, make beds, clean toilets, or do the laundry for them.
(16) Putting off the chores becomes very inconvenient after a while; there are no clean clothes, and dishes have to be scraped off and reused.
(17) The realization that there's no one else to do the chores can sometimes be a shock.
(18) A third important responsibility young people confront is learning to look after their own health.
(19) Finally, young adults must learn to cope with loneliness.
(20) The everyday kind of loneliness can be very painful.
(21) Coming home to an empty apartment, with only a television for company, may give someone an empty, aching feeling.
(22) But a young person can feel lonely surrounded by other people, too.
(23) Sometimes, a campus filled with students or a dorm room with two other roommates in it can be a lonely place.
(24) There is another kind of loneliness, even sharper, that young people must live with: spending certain special days alone.
(25) Leaving home is a major transition in life.
(26) Losing touch with familiar faces and settings, even temporarily, can be very difficult.
(27) However, all the problems young adults face are necessary ones; they build character and shape previously immature citizens into active contributors.
(28) Learning to fly means taking risks and acquiring new skills, but this cannot be achieved without a period of discomfort. Though our youngest generation may resist the responsibilities of adulthood at first, they must surmount the obstacles that life places before them. Emerging successful and capable on the other side, they will one day be thankful for having left the nest.
Complete the following:
The spots in the first supporting paragraphs where more details are needed occur after sentences number _____ and _____; the spots in the second supporting paragraph where more details are needed occur after sentences number _____ and _____; the spot in the third supporting paragraph where more details are needed occurs after sentence number _____.

Question 6

IDENTIFYING ADEQUATELY DEVELOPED PARAGRAPHS
Each of the following body paragraphs is part of a larger essay. Two of the paragraphs provide sufficient details to support their topic sentences convincingly. Write AD for adequate development beside those paragraphs. There are also two paragraphs that, in large part, use vague, wordy, or general sentences as a substitute for real supporting details. Write U for underdeveloped beside those paragraphs.
______ 3. One way we could improve our lives would be by banning cars. The environment would improve, and the change for the better would be apparent in healthier lives for all of us. Without cars, Americans would have other benefits as well. An important one that should not be forgotten is the safety factor. There are many accidents that occur every year in which cars are involved. If all of these accidents could be avoided, everyone would benefit, and the country would be safer for all of us in living our everyday lives. In addition, the pace of our lives would slow down. There would be less worry and anxiety to deal with if people were not moving about in cars.

Question 7

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 4. The finest sandpapers can buff eggshells and hull peanut skins. In contrast, the toughest abrasives can grind through inches of steel in seconds.

Question 8

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR COHERENCE
Read the essay below and then answer the questions about coherence that follow.
Labeling Animals
a In some ways, the human race seems to be in its childhood. The conventional attitude toward animals, for example, makes humanity seem like a tribe of seven-year-olds pulling the wings off flies. Instead of respecting all animals as important parts of the chain of life, humans rate them according to their usefulness. Historically, humankind has failed to recognize animals as anything other than products, toys, or monsters.
b There are the products. These are the animals, such as cattle, pigs, and sheep, that provide much of the world's food. For this reason, people tend to think of them less as living creatures than as growing crops, fattening them up, herding them into slaughterhouses, and carving them into edible portions. These animals are "useful," so the general population has typically positive feelings about them. Humankind's actions show that most people are not actually fond of them. People are willing to lock baby calves into dark boxes for months and then kill them for veal, or cram thousands of chickens into tiny pens and allow them to live for only six weeks. Increased production, not humane treatment, is the bottom line.
c Perhaps the most harmful label that humans pin on animals, though, is that of monster. The general population has use at all for these creatures. They are taught from birth that sharks, snakes, bats, and alligators, for instance, are evil and dangerous. The facts about these animals make no difference to people's emotions. The fact that being attacked by a shark is less likely than being struck by lightning does not stop fishermen from holding shark-killing contests. The fact that a snake is harmless does not stop sadistic hikers from crushing it. Very few will ever be mauled by a grizzly or bobcat or torn apart by wolves, yet many support the extermination of these animals in the name of "safety."
d Advertisers label some animals as toys. These are the lucky ones-the puppies, kittens, pandas, koala bears, bunnies, and porpoises that children consider cute. Toys make people feel sentimental and protective. Many are willing to devote five minutes on the evening news to a baby panda, they stock their children's room with stuffed bunnies, and watch movies about friendly, funny porpoises. No one in their right mind would advocate a puppy-shoot or a koala-killing contest. Toy-like animals may occasionally be neglected or abused by individual owners, but polite society does not allow them to be destroyed on a wholesale basis.
e Labeling animals is not a harmless little quirk that humans have. In separating the animal kingdom into products, toys, and monsters, society has made it easier to brutalize these defenseless creatures. The practice of categorizing has dulled humanity's respect for other living beings and even led to the destruction of entire species. As people dominate animals, they forget to behave as caretakers. This results in a loss of dignity and humanity-not only for the victimized animals, but for their human counterparts as well.
The emphatic order of the three supporting paragraphs is confused. Which supporting paragraph should come first? _____ Second? _____ Third? _____

Question 9

IDENTIFYING ADEQUATELY DEVELOPED PARAGRAPHS
Each of the following body paragraphs is part of a larger essay. Two of the paragraphs provide sufficient details to support their topic sentences convincingly. Write AD for adequate development beside those paragraphs. There are also two paragraphs that, in large part, use vague, wordy, or general sentences as a substitute for real supporting details. Write U for underdeveloped beside those paragraphs.
______ 2. Owning a new car can have its drawbacks. For instance, the new car owner parks in the farthest-out parking spaces so that his or her car won't be scratched or dented. Then he or she winds up hiking a quarter mile or so to reach the shopping center. A new car also demands constant attention. The owner feels he or she must immediately wipe off any bird droppings, mud splashes, or water stains from the exterior, chores that those with 'junkers' never bother about. A new car, in addition, forces its owner to avoid all indoor parking garages or restaurants with valet parking. The sight of a car attendant gunning that brand-new car up a ramp or squeezing it into a tiny space could cause heart failure.

Question 10

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 5. Too much intensive exercise can actually hurt the body. Muscles usually need a forty-eight hour rest after a good workout.

Question 11

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR COHERENCE
Read the essay below and then answer the questions about coherence that follow.
Labeling Animals
a In some ways, the human race seems to be in its childhood. The conventional attitude toward animals, for example, makes humanity seem like a tribe of seven-year-olds pulling the wings off flies. Instead of respecting all animals as important parts of the chain of life, humans rate them according to their usefulness. Historically, humankind has failed to recognize animals as anything other than products, toys, or monsters.
b There are the products. These are the animals, such as cattle, pigs, and sheep, that provide much of the world's food. For this reason, people tend to think of them less as living creatures than as growing crops, fattening them up, herding them into slaughterhouses, and carving them into edible portions. These animals are "useful," so the general population has typically positive feelings about them. Humankind's actions show that most people are not actually fond of them. People are willing to lock baby calves into dark boxes for months and then kill them for veal, or cram thousands of chickens into tiny pens and allow them to live for only six weeks. Increased production, not humane treatment, is the bottom line.
c Perhaps the most harmful label that humans pin on animals, though, is that of monster. The general population has use at all for these creatures. They are taught from birth that sharks, snakes, bats, and alligators, for instance, are evil and dangerous. The facts about these animals make no difference to people's emotions. The fact that being attacked by a shark is less likely than being struck by lightning does not stop fishermen from holding shark-killing contests. The fact that a snake is harmless does not stop sadistic hikers from crushing it. Very few will ever be mauled by a grizzly or bobcat or torn apart by wolves, yet many support the extermination of these animals in the name of "safety."
d Advertisers label some animals as toys. These are the lucky ones-the puppies, kittens, pandas, koala bears, bunnies, and porpoises that children consider cute. Toys make people feel sentimental and protective. Many are willing to devote five minutes on the evening news to a baby panda, they stock their children's room with stuffed bunnies, and watch movies about friendly, funny porpoises. No one in their right mind would advocate a puppy-shoot or a koala-killing contest. Toy-like animals may occasionally be neglected or abused by individual owners, but polite society does not allow them to be destroyed on a wholesale basis.
e Labeling animals is not a harmless little quirk that humans have. In separating the animal kingdom into products, toys, and monsters, society has made it easier to brutalize these defenseless creatures. The practice of categorizing has dulled humanity's respect for other living beings and even led to the destruction of entire species. As people dominate animals, they forget to behave as caretakers. This results in a loss of dignity and humanity-not only for the victimized animals, but for their human counterparts as well.
To what does the pronoun them refer in the third supporting paragraph? _________________

Question 12

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 3. My new running shoes don't have laces that have to be tied. Instead, their Velcro opening allows them to be slipped on in an instant.

Question 13

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR COHERENCE
Read the essay below and then answer the questions about coherence that follow.
Labeling Animals
a In some ways, the human race seems to be in its childhood. The conventional attitude toward animals, for example, makes humanity seem like a tribe of seven-year-olds pulling the wings off flies. Instead of respecting all animals as important parts of the chain of life, humans rate them according to their usefulness. Historically, humankind has failed to recognize animals as anything other than products, toys, or monsters.
b There are the products. These are the animals, such as cattle, pigs, and sheep, that provide much of the world's food. For this reason, people tend to think of them less as living creatures than as growing crops, fattening them up, herding them into slaughterhouses, and carving them into edible portions. These animals are "useful," so the general population has typically positive feelings about them. Humankind's actions show that most people are not actually fond of them. People are willing to lock baby calves into dark boxes for months and then kill them for veal, or cram thousands of chickens into tiny pens and allow them to live for only six weeks. Increased production, not humane treatment, is the bottom line.
c Perhaps the most harmful label that humans pin on animals, though, is that of monster. The general population has use at all for these creatures. They are taught from birth that sharks, snakes, bats, and alligators, for instance, are evil and dangerous. The facts about these animals make no difference to people's emotions. The fact that being attacked by a shark is less likely than being struck by lightning does not stop fishermen from holding shark-killing contests. The fact that a snake is harmless does not stop sadistic hikers from crushing it. Very few will ever be mauled by a grizzly or bobcat or torn apart by wolves, yet many support the extermination of these animals in the name of "safety."
d Advertisers label some animals as toys. These are the lucky ones-the puppies, kittens, pandas, koala bears, bunnies, and porpoises that children consider cute. Toys make people feel sentimental and protective. Many are willing to devote five minutes on the evening news to a baby panda, they stock their children's room with stuffed bunnies, and watch movies about friendly, funny porpoises. No one in their right mind would advocate a puppy-shoot or a koala-killing contest. Toy-like animals may occasionally be neglected or abused by individual owners, but polite society does not allow them to be destroyed on a wholesale basis.
e Labeling animals is not a harmless little quirk that humans have. In separating the animal kingdom into products, toys, and monsters, society has made it easier to brutalize these defenseless creatures. The practice of categorizing has dulled humanity's respect for other living beings and even led to the destruction of entire species. As people dominate animals, they forget to behave as caretakers. This results in a loss of dignity and humanity-not only for the victimized animals, but for their human counterparts as well.
What are the first several words of the sentence to which the transition word First could be added in the first supporting paragraph? _____________________________

Question 14

IDENTIFYING ADEQUATELY DEVELOPED PARAGRAPHS
Each of the following body paragraphs is part of a larger essay. Two of the paragraphs provide sufficient details to support their topic sentences convincingly. Write AD for adequate development beside those paragraphs. There are also two paragraphs that, in large part, use vague, wordy, or general sentences as a substitute for real supporting details. Write U for underdeveloped beside those paragraphs.
______ 1. Chaperoning a group of Girl Scouts on a canoe trip turned out to be one of the three worst experiences of my summer. The day started out wrong, first, when a scheduling mix-up occurred. A great deal of time had to be spent just getting this exasperating matter straightened out. Once we reached the river, we had problems teaching the girls how to handle their crafts. There was not the cooperation and the simple skill at moving the crafts that might have been assumed. Finally, the loss of some important supplies and some unexpected bad weather turned the whole outing into a horror show. Feeling altogether frustrated because of the many things that went wrong, I vowed that I would never again volunteer for a Scout field trip.

Question 15

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR COHERENCE
Read the essay below and then answer the questions about coherence that follow.
Labeling Animals
a In some ways, the human race seems to be in its childhood. The conventional attitude toward animals, for example, makes humanity seem like a tribe of seven-year-olds pulling the wings off flies. Instead of respecting all animals as important parts of the chain of life, humans rate them according to their usefulness. Historically, humankind has failed to recognize animals as anything other than products, toys, or monsters.
b There are the products. These are the animals, such as cattle, pigs, and sheep, that provide much of the world's food. For this reason, people tend to think of them less as living creatures than as growing crops, fattening them up, herding them into slaughterhouses, and carving them into edible portions. These animals are "useful," so the general population has typically positive feelings about them. Humankind's actions show that most people are not actually fond of them. People are willing to lock baby calves into dark boxes for months and then kill them for veal, or cram thousands of chickens into tiny pens and allow them to live for only six weeks. Increased production, not humane treatment, is the bottom line.
c Perhaps the most harmful label that humans pin on animals, though, is that of monster. The general population has use at all for these creatures. They are taught from birth that sharks, snakes, bats, and alligators, for instance, are evil and dangerous. The facts about these animals make no difference to people's emotions. The fact that being attacked by a shark is less likely than being struck by lightning does not stop fishermen from holding shark-killing contests. The fact that a snake is harmless does not stop sadistic hikers from crushing it. Very few will ever be mauled by a grizzly or bobcat or torn apart by wolves, yet many support the extermination of these animals in the name of "safety."
d Advertisers label some animals as toys. These are the lucky ones-the puppies, kittens, pandas, koala bears, bunnies, and porpoises that children consider cute. Toys make people feel sentimental and protective. Many are willing to devote five minutes on the evening news to a baby panda, they stock their children's room with stuffed bunnies, and watch movies about friendly, funny porpoises. No one in their right mind would advocate a puppy-shoot or a koala-killing contest. Toy-like animals may occasionally be neglected or abused by individual owners, but polite society does not allow them to be destroyed on a wholesale basis.
e Labeling animals is not a harmless little quirk that humans have. In separating the animal kingdom into products, toys, and monsters, society has made it easier to brutalize these defenseless creatures. The practice of categorizing has dulled humanity's respect for other living beings and even led to the destruction of entire species. As people dominate animals, they forget to behave as caretakers. This results in a loss of dignity and humanity-not only for the victimized animals, but for their human counterparts as well.
What are the first several words of the sentence to which the transition word However could be added in the first supporting paragraph? _____________________________

Question 16

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 2. An all-out nuclear war might destroy the earth's ozone layer. Without it, we would be exposed to cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation.

Question 17

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR UNITY, SUPPORT, COHERENCE,
AND SENTENCE SKILLS (I)
In this activity, you will evaluate an essay in terms of the four bases of unity, support, coherence, and sentence skills. Evaluative comments follow each supporting paragraph in the essay below. Circle the letter of the one statement that applies in each case.
Rock Concert Fans
If rock-concert audiences are viewed only on television or in photos, the people at these events may all seem to be excited teenagers. However, to those who have actually attended a few rock shows, it is clear that several kinds of people make up the crowd. At any concert, there is the typical fan, the out-of-place person, and the troublemaker.
Typical fans, first of all, are the people one would expect to see at a particular kind of concert, these fans will vary according to the group that is playing. If the attraction is a loud, heavy-metal band, for instance. Typical fans will have long hair, drink lots of beer, and leave on motorcycles. A hip-hop group, in contrast, will attract the people who copy the group's baggy clothes and rhythmic dancing. At a concert featuring a smooth-jazz sound, fans will be clean-cut, calm, and conservatively dressed in pressed pants and knit polo shirts.
a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence.
b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot.
c. The paragraph lacks transitional words.
d. The paragraph contains a fragment and a run-on.
Looking around the arena, the concert-goer will quickly spot another category of people: the ones who look out of place. This group includes uncomfortable-looking parents who insisted on coming along with their thirteen-year-olds. Parents usually appear stunned by the noise level of the band, and they check their watches every few minutes. Parents will also drag their child away before any encores so that they can get out of the parking lot quickly. Out-of-place people might include, too, the Alicia Keys fan trapped on a date with a Metallica heavy-metal freak. This fan can be seen stuffing rolled-up Kleenex into his or her ears to block out at least some of the sound. The loud guitars and rebellious attitude of heavy-metal bands mean that these concerts usually attract the rowdiest crowds, as security guards will attest.
a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence.
b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot.
c. The paragraph lacks transitional words.
d. The paragraph contains a fragment and a run-on.
The third type of person at a large rock concert is the troublemaker. This is usually a male who has decided that the concert is a place where law and order do not exist. People like this will, for example, bring all kinds of forbidden items into the arena or stadium. Troublemakers also ignore basic concert manners. They will try to sit in seats that have been assigned to other people, or they will stand directly in front of a row of people who are trying to see the stage. Finally, troublemakers seem to feel that a rock concert is not worthwhile without at least one fistfight. They may scuffle with a police officer who is guarding the stage, an usher who is trying to remove them from already-taken seats, or innocent bystanders who are waiting in line at the refreshment stand.
a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence.
b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot.
c. The paragraph lacks transitional words.
d. The paragraph contains a fragment and a run-on.
A rock concert brings together a wide variety of people to see a show. Some attend to see their idols, others are there to guard their children, and a few want to raise a little hell. This combination of people is sometimes more intriguing than the singer prancing around up on the stage.

Question 18

Under each of the three thesis statements that follow is a scrambled list of primary and secondary supporting ideas. Put the ideas into logical order by filling in the outline to the right of each list.
1. Thesis: In today's world, people try to avoid silence as much as possible.
On vacation _________________________________
TV on as background noise _________________________________
At school
Background music in cafeteria _________________________________
Computers with Internet streaming nonstop
Noisy "toys" such as snowmobiles and dirt bikes _________________________________
At home _________________________________
Noisy places such as crowded beaches and _________________________________
amusement parks
TV talk shows on in lounges _________________________________
2. Thesis: A marriage improves when both partners work.
Helps relationship __________________________________
Able to afford some luxuries _________________________________
Gives feeling of achievement _________________________________
Helps each individual __________________________________
Learn to appreciate time together _________________________________
Helps financially _________________________________
Eases paying monthly bills _________________________________
Gives feeling of independence _________________________________
Able to talk together about outside activities _________________________________
3. Thesis: A few tips can help you to be a smarter car buyer.
Agreeing on a price _________________________________
Consult Consumer Reports and reputable online sites _________________________________
Signing the final papers
Shopping around _________________________________
Ask for a discount if you're paying cash _________________________________
Visit several dealers
Make sure the loan interest rate you want is _________________________________
specified on paper
Watch out for added contract clauses, such as _________________________________
insurance and special warranties
Start with a lower price than you're willing to pay _________________________________

Question 19

Locate and correct the ten sentence skills mistakes in the following passage. The mistakes are listed in the box below. As you locate mistakes, place checks in the spaces provided. Then make your corrections directly to the passage.
Another field that seems to attract eccentric teachers is English. One of my high school English teachers Mr. Karlinsky used to carry a long wooden pointer around the room. When he spotted a student who was not paying attention. He would sneak up from behind and rap the pointer as hard as possible on the student's desk. The unexpected and earsplitting crack would cause the victims body to rise at least six inches from the desk chair. College has its share of strange English teachers as well, for example, one of my professors liked to draw on the board. Dr. Sandlin would stroll around the room, chalk in hand, waiting for the chance to draw something. Then she would spend thirty minutes of a fifty-minute class drawing Shakespeare's Globe Theater or a seventeenth-century sword. The oddest English teacher I have had was Mr. Shaw, who taught a drama course. Mr. Shaw loved the sound of his own voice, when we read a play, he would take all the parts. Standing behind the lectern Mr. Shaw would run through an entire play by himself. While the students either fell asleep, doing homework for other classes, or read magazines. Mr. Shaw was so happy to be acting he did not seem to mind. At the end of class, as we picked up our books and head out the door, Mr. Shaw could still be heard booming out the end of a scene from Hamlet or The Glass Menagerie.

Question 20

EVALUATING AN ESSAY FOR UNITY, SUPPORT, COHERENCE,
AND SENTENCE SKILLS (II)
In this activity, you will evaluate an essay in terms of the four bases of unity, support, coherence, and sentence skills. Evaluative comments follow each supporting paragraph in the essay below. Circle the letter of the one statement that applies in each case.
My Parents' Vulnerability
As I've watched my parents get older, my perception of them has completely changed. Our roles seem to be reversing. They were once the strong ones, and I was the dependent child. But now they sometimes turn to me for help, and I feel they are no longer as powerful as I thought they were. In many ways, my parents are now very weak. This shift has forced me to confront an uncomfortable truth. As people age, they become increasingly vulnerable and susceptible to danger.
For one thing, my parents are more vulnerable than ever to money problems. They live in a mobile home park; they bought their trailer with the savings they managed to accumulate over the years. My parents worry that the rent for their lot will go up again, as it has in the past. They also worry about the rumor that the park is being sold and all the tenants may be evicted; they know they cannot afford to move on their social security income and my father's small pension. A car problem can be big trouble for my parents, too. Because they live on a very tight budget. An unexpected car repair can mean that they must cut back on food and other essentials. Since my parents walk a financial tightrope, they are liable to be badly hurt at any time.
a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence.
b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot.
c. The paragraph lacks transitions.
d. The paragraph contains a run-on and a fragment.
In addition, my parents are vulnerable to health problems. My mother has always had problems with her inner ear, and this affects her sense of balance. Her dizzy spells are more frequent now, and we are thus concerned that she may fall and break a leg or hip. She is also susceptible to bronchitis and flu. As she gets older, every episode seems to get worse and to leave her weaker than ever. My father's health problems are even more severe than my mother's. I know that either one of my parents could become terribly sick at any moment.
a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence.
b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot.
c. The paragraph lacks transitional words.
d. The paragraph contains a run-on and a fragment.
Finally, my parents are very vulnerable to dishonest people and others who want to do them harm. Last year, for example, while my parents were at the supermarket, someone broke into their trailer and stole their television. The police told my parents that burglars like to prey on old people because they can't fight back. Burglars have even been known to take advantage of people with disabilities for the same reason. In addition, some people have tried to use my parents for their own gain. A salesman almost talked them into signing an expensive contract for lawn work they didn't need. Another time, one of my teenage cousins tried to borrow three hundred dollars from them, claiming he wanted to buy a car. He really wanted the money to buy drugs to sell.
a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence.
b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot.
c. The paragraph lacks transitional words.
d. The paragraph contains a run-on and a fragment.
In conclusion, my parents seem to need more protection now that they are older. They can be easily hurt by money troubles, health problems, and unkind people. Seeing them falter in their old age has prompted me to rethink my notions of "aging with grace" and commit myself to helping this vulnerable population. Though I wish I could singlehandedly protect them from the difficulties they confront, the perils faced by our elder population must be answered by the culture at large. Together, we must rethink the way we treat and ignore elderly men and women-like my parents.

Question 21

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
In order to target his or her research, a student might consider

A) narrowing the search with strong keywords.
B) adding Boolean operators to change results.
C) using library databases.
D) all of the above.

Question 22

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
The body of an essay consists of

A) paragraphs that support the thesis.
B) the thesis.
C) introduction, development, and conclusion.
D) topic sentences.

Question 23

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
FILL-IN: In most writing, your general aim should be to first advance a point and then ________________ that point.

Question 24

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
An important difference between writing and talking is that _____________.

A) writers make more points than speakers
B) writers always use better English than speakers
C) writers do not write about personal matters
D) writers have to give specific reasons for their statements

Question 25

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 6. The barrel of a gun is marked with grooves that leave unique marks on the bullet it fires. An expert can match the bullet exactly to the gun it came from.

Question 26

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 7. Ticks can carry Rocky Mountain spotted fever. They have also been identified as the cause of Lyme disease, a severe form of arthritis.

Question 27

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 9. Lola loves to watch gymnastics and ice skating on television. She also enjoys demolition derbies.

Question 28

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
FILL-IN: In a Web address, the three letters following the "dot" are called the ______________.

Question 29

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 8. In 2012, McDonald's, the fast-food giant, launched a pilot program to phase out polystyrene hot beverage cups. Polystyrene cups cannot be recycled.

Question 30

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
_____ If you don't know your subject when you begin to write, you may discover it as you write.

Question 31

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
In which stage of the writing process is a computer helpful?

A) Generating a list of items to write about.
B) Deciding on the order of sentences and paragraphs.
C) Substituting more effective writing during revision.
D) All of the these.

Question 32

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
_____ The introductory paragraph of an essay should always begin by stating the point the essay will prove.

Question 33

Read the essay below. Then outline it on a separate sheet of paper. Write out the thesis statement and topic sentences, and list the three major points that fit under each topic sentence.
Escape Reading
Everyone needs to escape from a dull routine. Escape can sometimes be dangerous-if a person turns to alcohol or drugs, for instance. But escaping into a sport or hobby can be a healthy way to turn off the daily pressures. My escape hatch is reading books that carry me to other times and places.
I often escape, first of all, into spy stories. These books are usually set in exotic lands I'm sure I will never actually see. Spies, for example, pass information to each other in a market in Tokyo, a cafe in Venice, or an airport in Mumbai. In addition, spy novels are filled with fascinating marvels of technology. James Bond has his Lotus car equipped with smokescreen and machine gun controls, of course, but even less-glamorous spies use hidden Web cams and microphones that pick up conversations miles away. The intricate, twisted plots of spy stories also aid the sensation of total escape. Keeping up with the secret agents, the counterspies, and the double crosses occupies my mind completely. I don't worry about whether my car will pass inspection when I'm trying to figure out which British agent is really working for the enemy.
A second kind of escape reading I enjoy is the Western. A book by Zane Grey or Louis L'Amour is filled with the atmosphere of a long-ago era. I can live for a time in a town like Dodge City; I can almost see the dusty main street, the raised wooden sidewalks, and the women wearing calico sunbonnets. The Western also helps me escape by providing plenty of action. Almost every page puts me in the midst of a cattle roundup, a gunfight, or a galloping posse. The non-stop action won't allow my mind to wander back to the real world until I turn the last page. Finally, a Western tempts me to escape into it because the story usually describes a simpler, less confusing world than my own. The characters are either good guys or bad guys, and it is easy to tell the difference. In the Old West, justice always triumphs in the end.
The final and most enjoyable escape I know is reading horror stories. For one thing, such stories keep me interested because the authors create fascinating imaginary monsters. A story about a slimy creature that emerges from a graveyard or a huge, hundred-pound rat that lives in a basement is a story that blanks out reality. Horror stories introduce me to imaginary places as well. A horror tale can be set in a series of tunnels beneath the Himalayas or in another dimension that exists only in a spooky old house. Pure shock, however, is what makes horror stories sure-fire escapes. The problems I have at work could never be as bad, for example, as the horrible situations Stephen King's characters endure. As I read about a woman being chased by a rabid St. Bernard, or a little boy being pursued by an insane and murderous father, I forget the outside world completely.
The members of my family have learned to leave me in peace when I escape into my books. They know that giving me such time means that I will be easier to live with. After I have returned from a dangerous spy mission, a Western shoot-out, or a house of horror, I can deal more calmly with everyday crises at home.

Question 34

FRAGMENTS
Each word group in the student paragraph below is numbered. In the space provided, write C if a word group is a complete sentence; write F it if is a fragment. You will find ten fragments in the paragraph.
Calling In Sick
¹It takes skill to call in sick to work with a phony excuse. ²And not sound like a faker. ³First of all, one must be sure to speak directly to the boss. ⁴Not to a co-worker or secretary. ⁵If a person talks to a co-worker who doesn't like him or her. ⁶The co-worker may "forget" to give the boss the message. ⁷Making the person look totally irresponsible. ⁸Or the co-worker may tell the boss, in a sarcastic tone, "Terry is sick again." ⁹Transmitting the message that this is definitely a fakery. ¹⁰Second, being careful not to ruin the excuse by overacting or exaggerating. ¹¹For example, coughing on the phone like a tuberculosis victim or sneezing after every word. ¹²Also, it's important not to claim that this is a complicated disease. ¹³Such as bronchitis combined with pneumonia. ¹⁴A simple excuse sounds more truthful, so it's worth sticking with the flu or a stomach virus. ¹⁵The most important technique involved in calling in sick is making sure one doesn't get caught. ¹⁶The person must, for instance, be willing to stay home all day. ¹⁷So that a co-worker can't say, "I tried to reach him, but he doesn't answer." ¹⁸And it's critical to never return to work after sick leave with a suntan or an ankle broken while skiing. ¹⁹If a person follows these tips when calling in sick. ²⁰No one can accuse him or her of "faking it."
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____
11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____
16. _____ 17. _____ 18. _____ 19. _____ 20. _____

Question 35

IDENTIFYING TRANSITIONS AND OTHER CONNECTING WORDS
The following selections use transitions, repeated words, synonyms, and pronouns to tie together ideas. The connecting words you are to identify have been boldfaced. In the space provided, write T for Transition, RW for Repeated Word, S for Synonym, or P for Pronoun.
______ 10. With a tractor trailer on the highway in front of me and another one on the side, I began to feel claustrophobic. This closed-in feeling increased when a large bus came up close behind me.

Question 36

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
_____ The concluding paragraph of an essay can include both a summary of the main point and a final thought on the subject.

Question 37

In the spaces provided, add appropriate transitions to tie together the sentences and ideas in the following essay. Draw from the words given in the box below.

Hooked on Buying
Every day, Americans head out in droves for our country's department stores, discount centers, and shopping malls. We all have to buy something we think we really need or we feel is an incredible bargain. In reality, though, we are just ready for another fix of our favorite drug: shopping. There are several reasons why we seem to have turned into a nation of consumer junkies.______________________ , Americans believe in competition, even when it comes
to acquiring possessions. We feel like losers if we don't own the cars, appliances, clothes,
and furniture our neighbors and friends own. _______________________ , the Browns'
four-year-old car will seem fine until the Smiths next door buy a brand-new model. Then
the competitive instinct to stay ahead in the game sends the Browns out scouting the new
car lots. The competitive urge tells us that people's success in life is measured by how much they own. So we admire those with the most material possessions, the ones who own three cars or enough shoes to fill a walk-in closet.
A _________________________ reason for our addiction to consumer goods is the
American belief that "new is better." It is possible to fix a broken toaster, mend torn
clothing, or make do with an outdated refrigerator. _____________________ we prefer to throw out the old and buy the new. _______________________, we have junkyards and dumps bursting with the still-usable items we no longer want. Instead of reusing or recycling, which would make more economic sense, we throw away.________________________, our buying habit is maintained and encouraged by
advertisers. We are bombarded by television and pop-up ads that carry seductive messages. ___________________ of these messages is that buying a particular product-a flat screen, a motorcycle, or a dishwasher-is all that is needed to make the purchaser happy. _____________________ message is that buying a certain product will make the user a better, more attractive person. Every shampoo, makeup, or cologne ad tries to convince us that a single item can transform us into the ideal self we fantasize about.
In this country, shopping satisfies our psychological needs. We are truly hooked
on the thrill that comes from passing cash or plastic over a store counter and receiving some new possession in return. ____________, this thrill is never lasting and only promotes the worst sides of our collective character. _____________ of submitting to consumerist impulses, Americans ought to focus their time, energy, and resources on initiatives that improve society, thus breaking this vicious cycle of buying and selling.

Question 38

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
What is the advantage of learning how to write essays?

A) Makes you a better writer
B) Strengthens your skills as a reader and listener
C) Makes you a stronger thinker
D) All of the these.

Question 39

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
The plan of development in an essay is __________.

A) the structure of a body paragraph
B) the same as a thesis statement
C) a preview of the major points that support the essay
D) always part of an introductory paragraph.

Question 40

Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
_____ Supporting paragraphs in an essay need their own topic sentences.

Question 41

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 7. Lou rarely has a chance to relax on the weekends he's too busy catching up on the laundry and the food shopping.

Question 42

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 6. My dad's favorite saying is, Don't pull tomorrow's cloud over today's sunshine."

Question 43

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 5. President Coolidge, who was known as "Silent Cal" didn't talk much and slept eleven hours a day.

Question 44

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
Which of the following is an example of an online database?

A) Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe
B) Academic Search Elite (EBSCO)
C) JSTOR (Journal Storage)
D) All of the these

Question 45

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 2. The cashier testified that the robbers face had been covered with a nylon stocking.

Question 46

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
______ Most reputable journals, news sources, and published books have editors and other staff members to verify information; however, online no such quality control exists.

Question 47

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 2. I respect my parents, I resent their attempts to choose a career for me.

Question 48

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
When evaluating the reliability of an author, what is a pertinent question to ask?

A) Is the author known to be biased on this topic?
B) What credentials does the author have?
C) Has the author published other material on this topic?
D) All of these

Question 49

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
_____ Though full of information, Wikipedia is an unreliable source because it can be edited by anyone.

Question 50

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 8. "Were you fired or laid off?" the woman at the unemployment office asked. "There's a big difference.

Question 51

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 10. My school expects me to buy a laptop next year but I will barely have enough money for my tuition.

Question 52

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 4. Im thinking about calling the humane society, for our neighbor leaves his dog outside in the most bitterly cold weather.

Question 53

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
_____ A Web address that ends with the domain .edu is automatically reliable.

Question 54

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
An example of a primary source is ____________.

A) a movie review
B) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
C) an analysis of a poem
D) an article evaluating the Constitution

Question 55

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 1. The can of mushroom soup must have spoiled, it was bulging at the top.

Question 56

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 3. Arlene just received a promotion she's now an assistant buyer for the sports shop in the mall.

Question 57

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 1. When Karen's mother returned to college this year the entire family had to help out with the housework.

Question 58

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
_____Encyclopedias and atlases fall under the category of "General References."

Question 59

INFORMATION LITERACY
Some of the questions that follow are true-false or multiple choice questions, and some require you to write short answers.
FILL-IN: Magazines, journals, and newspapers are often referred to as ______________.

Question 60

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Each of the sentences below contains an error in punctuation. Refer to the box below to write, in the space provided, the letter identifying the error. Then correct the error.
a. missing comma
b. missing apostrophe
c. missing semicolon
d. missing quotation marks
_____ 9. The galaxy we live in is moving slowly through space someday it will probably collide with another galaxy.

Question 61

_____Simply changing one or two words from the original is not a paraphrase.

Question 62

______ If you want to use a quotation that is longer than four lines, you should block the quotation, indenting it by an extra margin.

Question 63

_____ If you borrow only a single sentence (without proper attribution) it is not plagiarism.

Question 64

FILL-IN: Reporting information in your own words and style without condensing it is called ______________.

Question 65

Which of the following is not an effective strategy for writing summary?

A) Preserve the balance and proportion of the original work.
B) Periodically refer to the author or article to emphasize that this is a summary.
C) Include three or more quotations from the text in each paragraph of summary.
D) Express the main points and key details in your own words.

Question 66

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 4. I could tell the room had been dusted, for all the pictures were crooked.

Question 67

FILL-IN: If you omit the irrelevant words in a quotation, you must show the omission by including _____________ in place of the deleted words.

Question 68

_____ It is a good idea to insert your own ideas and opinions into any summary you write.

Question 69

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 5. George knew the answer to the last essay exam question he didn't have enough time
to write his response.

Question 70

Which of the following is not an effective way to avoid plagiarism?

A) Read the information, set it aside, and then try to explain it in your own words and style.
B) Use an online thesaurus to change most of the words in a found passage.
C) Once you've written a paraphrase, compare your words and sentence structure to those of the original.
D) Credit the original source with an in-text citation.

Question 71

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 8. Erin sat on the park bench eating peanuts squirrels kept bouncing up to her for a
handout.

Question 72

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 6. We quickly closed the camper's windows, but dozens of moths had managed to fly
in anyway.

Question 73

_____ A summary is also referred to as a précis or abstract.

Question 74

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 3. The most popular language in the world is Chinese more than a billion people speak it.

Question 75

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 10. I know I won't win the race tomorrow, I just want to be able to say I finished.

Question 76

Before writing a summary, you may want to preview the work by ______________.

A) gaining a quick overview of the article by reading the introduction and conclusion
B) considering ways in which the title condenses the article's meaning
C) note any words that have been emphasized with italic or boldface type
D) all of the these

Question 77

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 9. The fumes from the glossy enamel paint were giving Maria a headache she took a
break outside.

Question 78

_____ Formulating your thesis at the beginning will help you stick to the topic of your essay.

Question 79

RUN-ONS
In the space provided, write R-O beside run-on sentences. Write C beside sentences that are punctuated correctly. Some of the run-ons have no punctuation between the two complete thoughts; others have only a comma.
Correct each run-on by using (l) a period and capital letter, (2) a comma plus a joining word, or (3) a semicolon. Do not use the same method of correction in each sentence.
_____ 7. The candy bar in my glove compartment had melted sticky chocolate sauce coated
my license and registration.

Question 80

FILL-IN: The first step in essay writing is deciding what ____________________ you want to make.