Deck 11: Basic Physics

Question 1

What is the ratio of the density of a liquid or solid to the density of pure water?

A) Buoyancy
B) Baume gravity
C) Specific gravity
D) API gravity

Answer 1

C
Explanation: A) Incorrect. Buoyancy is the principle that a solid object will float if its density is less than the fluid in which it is suspended.
B) Incorrect. Baume gravity is the industrial manufacturing measurement standard used to measure the gravity of nonhydrocarbon materials.
C) Correct. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a liquid or solid to the density of pure water.
D) Incorrect. API gravity is the American Petroleum Institute standard used to measure the density of hydrocarbons.

Question 2

What is the ratio of an object's mass to its volume?

A) Elasticity
B) Mass
C) Viscosity
D) Density

Answer 2

D
Explanation: A) Incorrect. Elasticity is an object's tendency to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed.
B) Incorrect. Mass is the amount of matter in a body or object measured by its resistance to a change in motion.
C) Incorrect. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
D) Correct. Density is the ratio of an object's mass to its volume.

Question 3

What happens to materials that are lighter than water?

A) They sink
B) They float
C) They hover above water
D) The properties of the substance change when water is added

Answer 3

B
Explanation: A) Incorrect. Materials that are heavier than water will sink.
B) Correct. Materials that are lighter than water will float.
C) Incorrect. Materials that are lighter than water will float.
D) Incorrect. Materials that are lighter than water will float.

Question 4

What happens if you blow up a balloon so much that it is permanently deformed?

A) Elastic limit
B) Viscosity limit
C) Density limit
D) Specific gravity

Question 5

What principle states that a solid object will float if its density is less than the fluid in which it is suspended?

A) Buoyancy
B) Boyle's Law
C) Charles' Law
D) Combined Law

Question 6

What term is used to describe a phase change of solid to liquid?

A) Melting
B) Sublimation
C) Deposition
D) Vaporization

Question 7

What causes less friction, energy, and wear than sliding an object to produce friction?

A) Rolling an object
B) Bouncing an object
C) Rocking an object
D) Wobbling an object

Question 8

What term is used to describe a phase change of liquid to vapor?

A) Melting
B) Sublimation
C) Deposition
D) Vaporization

Question 9

What is the boiling point of water in Celsius?

A) 100
B) 212
C) 373
D) 672

Question 10

Which state of matter is a substance with definite mass but no definite shape?

A) Solids
B) Liquids
C) Gases
D) Plasma

Question 11

What is it called when a substance changes from one physical state to another?

A) Baume gravity
B) Friction
C) Phase change
D) Boiling point

Question 12

What is the distance traveled over time or change in position over time?

A) Flow
B) Velocity
C) Friction
D) Calorie

Question 13

What could happen if a process technician does not understand fluid flow principles?

A) An opening of a new path
B) Closing of the original path
C) A decrease in backflow pressure that could damage the pump
D) An increase in backflow pressure that could damage the pump

Question 14

What term describes the movement of fluids?

A) Flow
B) Velocity
C) Friction
D) Calorie

Question 15

Why do objects and people float better in salt water?

A) Salt water has a higher specific gravity
B) Salt water has a lower specific gravity
C) Salt water has a higher API gravity
D) Salt water has a lower API gravity

Question 16

In the simplest relationship between weight flow rate and fluid velocity, what happens to the velocity of fluid if the diameter of the pipe decreases?

A) Velocity will increase
B) Velocity will decrease
C) Velocity will not change
D) Velocity cannot be measured

Question 17

What is the amount of matter in a body or object measured by its resistance to change in motion?

A) Atom
B) Mass
C) Weight
D) Density

Question 18

Which state of matter is a substance with a definite volume and a fixed shape?

A) Solids
B) Liquids
C) Gases
D) Plasma

Question 19

What happens to molecular movement as the temperature decreases?

A) Molecular movement increases
B) Molecular movement decreases
C) Molecular movement does not change
D) Molecular movement cannot be measured

Question 20

What tasks might a process technician perform that requires a firm understanding of physics?

A) Opening valves
B) Checking pressures
C) Monitoring fluid and gas flows
D) All of the above

Question 21

What term describes the transfer of heat through matter via vibrational motion?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Calorie

Question 22

What is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius?

A) Calorie
B) Velocity
C) Temperature
D) British thermal unit (BTU)

Question 23

What term describes the transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Calorie

Question 24

What principle states that at a constant pressure the volume of a gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases?

A) Boyle's Law
B) Charles' Law
C) Combined Law
D) Bernoulli's Principle

Question 25

What pressure measurement is any pressure below atmospheric pressure?

A) Vapor pressure
B) Gauge pressure (psig)
C) Absolute pressure (psia)
D) Vacuum pressure (psiv)

Question 26

What constant did Charles' Law maintain?

A) Pressure
B) Temperature
C) Mass
D) Buoyancy

Question 27

What happens if a substance has low vapor pressure?

A) The boiling point will be low
B) The boiling point will be high
C) The evaporation speed will be low
D) The evaporation speed with be high

Question 28

What principle states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the individual partial pressures?

A) Boyle's Law
B) Charles' Law
C) Dalton's Law
D) Bernoulli's Principle

Question 29

If you double the absolute pressure of a gas sample, what happens to the volume?

A) The volume decreased by 50%
B) The volume increased by 50%
C) The volume remained the same
D) The volume decreased by 25%

Question 30

Who was interested in the effect of temperature on a volume of gas?

A) Robert Boyle
B) John Dalton
C) Daniel Bernoulli
D) Jacques Alexander Cesar Charles

Question 31

What type of heat results in a temperature change?

A) Specific heat
B) Sensible heat
C) Latent heat
D) Latent heat of fusion

Question 32

What is the pressure that particular gas, contained in a mixture of gases, would have if it were alone in the container?

A) Vapor pressure
B) Gauge pressure
C) Partial pressure
D) Vacuum pressure

Question 33

Who discovered the relationship between gases when one or more were mixed together?

A) Robert Boyle
B) John Dalton
C) Daniel Bernoulli
D) Jacques Alexander Cesar Charles

Question 34

What happens to volume if you decrease the absolute pressure of a gas sample by 50%?

A) The volume decreased
B) The volume doubled
C) The volume remained the same
D) The volume decreased by 25%

Question 35

What principle states that at a constant temperature, as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases?

A) Boyle's Law
B) Charles' Law
C) Combined Law
D) Bernoulli's Principle

Question 36

What law combines Boyle's Law and Charles' Law?

A) Bernoulli Principle
B) Dalton's Law
C) General Gas Law
D) Constant Law

Question 37

What term describes the transfer of heat through the circulation or movement of a liquid or a gas?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Calorie

Question 38

What is the energy that causes a change in the motion of an object?

A) Force
B) Pressure
C) Friction
D) Leverage

Question 39

What does the P stand for in the Combined Gas Law?

A) Pressure
B) Plasma
C) Phase Change
D) Temperature

Question 40

What pressure does air exert at sea level?

A) 1 pound per square inch (psi)
B) 12.3 pounds per square inch (psi)
C) 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi)
D) 29.92 pounds per square inch (psi)

Question 41

Who formulated theories of fluid flow and aerodynamics?

A) Robert Boyle
B) John Dalton
C) Daniel Bernoulli
D) Jacques Alexander Cesar Charles

Question 42

What scale is the temperature measured in for the Combined Law?

A) Celsius
B) Fahrenheit
C) Kelvin
D) Rankine

Question 43

What principle states that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure inside decreases?

A) Boyle's Law
B) Charles' Law
C) Dalton's Law
D) Bernoulli's Principle

Question 44

What happens to pressure as the speed of a fluid increases?

A) Pressure increases
B) Pressure decreases
C) Pressure does not change
D) Pressure cannot be measured