Question 1

Which nuclear structure(s)contain(s)the hereditary material?
A)nuclear envelope
B)chloroplasts
C)chromatin
D)nucleoplasm
E)mitochondria

Accepted Answer

Chromatin, which is made up of DNA and proteins, contains the hereditary material. The nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria do not contain DNA.

Question 2

Surface-area-to-volume ratios indicate
A)cells must exceed a certain minimum size.
B)as cells get larger,their surface area actually decreases.
C)that the largest cells have a less proportionate need for food intake and waste removal.
D)a chicken egg is one cell thus demonstrating the upper limit for metabolizing cell size.
E)as cells get larger,their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases.

Accepted Answer

As cells get larger, their volume increases at a faster rate than their surface area. This means that the surface-area-to-volume ratio gets smaller as the cell gets larger, making it more difficult for nutrients and waste to efficiently pass in and out of the cell. Therefore, cells must remain relatively small to maintain a sufficient surface area-to-volume ratio for proper functioning.

Question 3

Considering that minute differences in organelle structure are enough to provide selective toxicity,which of the following cell organelles would be a good target for an antibiotic so it doesn't attack your cells?
A)plasma membrane
B)DNA
C)ribosomes
D)cytoplasm
E)endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the target for many antibiotics because bacterial ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes. This allows antibiotics to selectively target bacterial cells without harming human cells.

Question 4

Ribosomal RNA is produced in the
A)nucleolus.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)ribosomes.
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E)smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

Ribosomal RNA is produced in the nucleolus, a specialized region within the nucleus of the cell. This RNA then combines with proteins to form ribosomes, which are important organelles involved in protein synthesis.

Question 5

The cell theory states
A)all organisms are composed of only one cell.
B)organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms.
C)all cells come only from other cells.
D)all organisms are composed of only one cell AND organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms.
E)all multicellular organisms are unicellular at some point in their life cycle.

Accepted Answer

The cell theory states that all cells come only from other cells. This is a fundamental principle of biology and is supported by experimental evidence. The other choices are not correct - A is incorrect because many organisms are made up of more than one cell, B is incorrect because cells are the basic unit of structure and function, not organelles, D is incorrect because not all organisms are composed of only one cell, and E is incorrect because not all multicellular organisms are unicellular at some point in their life cycle.

Question 6

Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?
A)plasma membrane
B)nucleus
C)mitochondria
D)chloroplast
E)flagella

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane is the structure that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell.

Question 7

Which eukaryotic organelle is the largest?
A)ribosome
B)nucleus
C)cytoskeleton
D)mitochondria
E)Golgi apparatus

Accepted Answer

The nucleus is the largest eukaryotic organelle and contains the cell's genetic material.

Question 8

Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?
A)plant cell
B)liver cell
C)muscle cell
D)paramecium
E)bacterium

Accepted Answer

Only bacterium is a prokaryotic cell. Plant cells, liver cells, and muscle cells are all eukaryotic cells. Paramecium is a protist, which is also a eukaryotic cell.

Question 9

According to cell theory
A)all organisms are composed of tissues.
B)the smallest unit of life is a nucleus.
C)animals but not plants are composed of cells.
D)a multicellular organism is composed of many cells.
E)new cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to cell theory
A)all organisms are composed...

Question 10

What evidence would not suggest that the fluid in the nucleus is different from the cytoplasm?
A)There is a pH difference between the two fluids.
B)The nuclear membrane encloses the nucleoplasm.
C)Nuclear pores only permit passage of certain molecules into and out of the nucleus.
D)Cytoplasm and nucleoplasm both flow freely into and out of the nucleus.
E)Electron microscopy reveals nonmembranous components associated with the nuclear pores.

Accepted Answer

The fact that cytoplasm and nucleoplasm both flow freely into and out of the nucleus suggests that there is not a significant difference in the composition of the two fluids. The other options suggest that there are distinct differences between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 11

The body of a slime mold that flows over a rotten log appears to lack any partitioning into distinct cells; however it does become cellular when it changes form and produces spores.The surfaces of parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are "syncytial" layers of living material that developed from a single cell but now contains many nuclei but lack partitioning by cell membranes.These tissues actively consume food and produce wastes.Considering that the cell theory states that "all living things are composed of cells," then
A)these tissues are not living because they violate the cell theory.
B)this proves some vital force is involved beyond normal cell structures in order to give life to living organisms.
C)these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells.
D)the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds since sometime in their life these organisms still utilize cells,but this shows cell membranes can be abandoned.
E)this demonstrates that cell membranes are a necessity to be classified as a living cell.

Accepted Answer

The fact that some organisms have syncytial tissues or lack partitioning into distinct cells does not negate the presence of cells in their life cycle. The cell theory still holds, as these organisms still utilize cells at some point in their life cycle. This demonstrates that cell membranes are not an absolute necessity for all living cells, but they are still an important defining feature.

Question 12

A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park.Under the microscope,she observes what appear to be living cells in the water.If these indeed are living cells,what type of cell would they most likely be?
A)eukaryotic,animal
B)eukaryotic,plant
C)eukaryotic,fungi
D)prokaryotic,archaea
E)prokaryotic,bacteria

Accepted Answer

Boiling hot springs in

Question 13

The nucleolus
A)contains RNA and is found in the nucleus.
B)contains DNA and is found in the nucleus.
C)contains RNA and is found in the cytoplasm.
D)contains DNA and is found in the cytoplasm.
E)contains ribosome subunits and is found in the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

The nucleolus is a structure found within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It plays a critical role in the production of ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis. The nucleolus contains RNA, specifically ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is used to assemble ribosomes. It does not contain DNA, as this is found throughout the nucleus. It is also not found in the cytoplasm, but instead is a part of the nucleus. Choice A correctly states that the nucleolus contains RNA and is found in the nucleus.

Question 14

In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium,the first layer encountered would be
A)the nucleus.
B)the capsule.
C)the cell wall.
D)the cell membrane.
E)the DNA.

Accepted Answer

The capsule is the outermost layer of a bacterium, encountered first when moving from the outside environment to the inside.

Question 15

An agent would make a good antibiotic if it affected a structure or process only found in bacterial cells and not in our (eukaryotic)cells.Which of the following actions would theoretically make a good antibiotic?
A)prevents repair of the peptidoglycan cell wall
B)damages the nuclear membrane
C)damages DNA
D)prevents ribosomes from producing proteins
E)stops cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

Preventing the repair of the peptidoglycan cell wall is a good choice for an antibiotic because the cell wall is unique to bacterial cells and not found in eukaryotic cells, so this would target only the bacteria and not harm our own cells. Damaging the nuclear membrane (B) and DNA (C) would harm both bacterial and eukaryotic cells since they both have these structures. Preventing ribosomes from producing proteins (D) and stopping cellular respiration (E) would also harm eukaryotic cells since they depend on protein synthesis and cellular respiration to function.

Question 16

Compared with a eukaryotic cell,a prokaryotic cell
A)lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.
B)is larger.
C)does not require energy.
D)is not living.
E)has no method of movement.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack many of the membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and a nucleus. However, they do have ribosomes to produce proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following structures are NOT found in the cytoplasm?
A)mitochondria
B)chloroplast
C)chromosomes
D)nucleus
E)lysosome

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus, not in the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Circulating red blood cells in your body do not contain a nucleus and other organelles.Are these cells living?
A)Yes,because they are actively metabolizing and once contained organelles.
B)Yes,because they are capable of moving throughout the body in the circulation.
C)No,because they do not contain a nucleus,they cannot be living.
D)No,because red blood cells do not actively metabolize.
E)No,because they are now only part of a once living cell.

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells are considered living despite lacking a nucleus and other organelles because they are actively metabolizing and were once fully equipped cells during their development stages.

Question 19

Within eukaryotic cells,the ____ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis.
A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)chloroplast
C)nucleolus
D)nucleus
E)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope and contains genetic material in the form of DNA that codes for protein synthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following is not true concerning the cell theory?
A)Virchow asserted that all cells come from preexisting cells.
B)Schleiden determined that all plants are made of cells.
C)Schwann researched animal tissues and discovered that they were all made of cells.
D)Hooke observed the cells of cork.
E)Leeuwenhoek first used the term "cells."

Accepted Answer

Leeuwenhoek is not credited with using the term "cells" in the development of the cell theory. He did, however, use the term "animalcules" to refer to microscopic organisms that he observed.

Quiz 3: Cell Structure and Function

Which nuclear structure(s) contain(s) the hereditary material?

Surface-area-to-volume ratios indicate

Considering that minute differences in organelle structure are enough to provide selective toxicity,which of the following cell organelles would be a good target for an antibiotic so it doesn't attack your cells?

Ribosomal RNA is produced in the

The cell theory states

Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?

Which eukaryotic organelle is the largest?

Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?

According to cell theory

What evidence would not suggest that the fluid in the nucleus is different from the cytoplasm?

A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park.Under the microscope,she observes what appear to be living cells in the water.If these indeed are living cells,what type of cell would they most likely be?

The nucleolus

In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium,the first layer encountered would be

An agent would make a good antibiotic if it affected a structure or process only found in bacterial cells and not in our (eukaryotic) cells.Which of the following actions would theoretically make a good antibiotic?

Compared with a eukaryotic cell,a prokaryotic cell

Which of the following structures are NOT found in the cytoplasm?

Circulating red blood cells in your body do not contain a nucleus and other organelles.Are these cells living?

Within eukaryotic cells,the ____ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis.

Which of the following is not true concerning the cell theory?