Question 1

Knockout libraries are available already prepared for some organisms such as Drosophila. These libraries are originally made by what method?

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Question 2

In nature, RNAi protects cells against infection by what kind of pathogen?

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Question 3

Why do we so frequently use mutant alleles to determine structure and/or function of the wild type?

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Question 4

For a contiguous sequence to be most useful in molecular mapping of a particular mutation, what should the contiguous sequence include?

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Question 5

In a given situation, reduced or missing function in gene A results in a viable but noticeable phenotype. The same is true for gene B. However, when both gene A and gene B products are reduced or missing in the same organism, the result is lethality. What is this called?

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Question 6

In positional cloning, the researcher begins with a phenotype. To move toward identification of its DNA sequence, she must begin with what step?

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Question 7

In an organism, X, it is found to be impossible to generate loss-of-function mutants for most genes. There is an alternative method of introducing random mutations that can later be screened for the gene(s)in question. This can be accomplished by using insertions due to what structures?

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Question 8

Why is only a fraction of an organism's genes represented in any cDNA library?

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Question 9

A genetic strategy that starts with knowing the DNA sequence and works toward identifying an associated phenotype is known as ________.

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Question 10

DNA markers that are found to segregate with a mutation of interest can be used to determine the mutation's distance from the markers by looking at what?

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Question 11

The GFP gene is useful as a reporter gene because the cells and tissues with it emit bioluminescence when treated with what, which functions as a substrate?

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Question 12

Suppose a mutagen is used on an inbred population of mice to establish cell lines, each including a different mutant allele, which can then be tested for function. This technique is known as ________.

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Question 13

A balancer chromosome includes a recessive lethal allele, a marker dominant allele, and ________.

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Question 14

In mapping the HD gene associated with Huntington disease, eventually researchers narrowed down their hunt to four candidate genes within the mapped region. How did they identify one of these as the definitive HD gene?

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Question 15

You have performed a mutagenesis screening in a population of organisms. Describe how you would identify mutations that are dominant. Describe how you would identify mutations that are recessive.

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Question 16

In the process of identifying mutations in animals, dominant mutations can be found after one generation of mating between the mutagenized male organism and wild-type female. To identify
the non-sex-linked (autosomal)recessive mutants requires ________ generations.

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Question 17

If a mutagen such as EMS is used to produce numerous mutagenized cell lines for an organism, PCR can be used to select for a particular gene. However, what feature of this selected sequence is used to find the ones with mutations in that gene?

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Question 18

Should we allow (or urge)testing of minor-age children or teens for adult-onset disorders for which there is no treatment or cure?

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Question 19

If an experimenter wants to use the GFP method but needs to detect the presence or absence of several proteins at the same time, he can take advantage of mutational variants of GFP that emit what?

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Question 20

Suppose a scientist wants to identify a gene in a particular plant species by transposon tagging, but he is initially stumped because he finds no active transposons. He hypothesizes, however, that he can introduce a transposon from another plant species. Why might this be possible?

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Quiz 16: Forward Genetics and Recombinant Dna Technology