Question 1

Which statement below is true?
A) Metals gain electrons to have a positive charge.
B) Metals gain electrons to have a negative charge.
C) Metals lose electrons to have a positive charge.
D) Nonmetals lose electrons.
E) Transition metals can gain 2 or more electrons to become metal ions.

Accepted Answer

Metals typically have few valence electrons and tend to lose them to form cations with a positive charge. Nonmetals, on the other hand, tend to gain electrons to form anions with a negative charge. Transition metals can gain different numbers of electrons to form various types of metal ions.

Question 2

What is the mass in grams of 1 atom of sulfur (atomic mass = 32.066)? A) 1.661 × 10^-24 g B) 1.931 × 10^-25 g C) 5.325 × 10^-23 g D) 5.179 × 10^-26 g E) 5.989 × 10^-23 g

Accepted Answer

The mass of one atom of sulfur is equal to its atomic mass, which is 32.066 g/mol. To convert to grams per atom, we divide by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol).

Mass per atom = 32.066 g/mol / 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol
Mass per atom = 5.325 x 10^-23 g/atom

Therefore, the answer is choice C.

Question 3

How many arsenic atoms are in 5.21 g of arsenic? A) 0.0695 atoms B) 9.51 × 10²² atoms C) 3.14 × 10²⁴ atoms D) 2.10 × 10²² atoms E) 4.19 × 10²² atoms

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many arsenic atoms are in 5.21...

Question 4

The atomic weight of chlorine is very close to 35.5. This means that:
A) chlorine occurs with a variable number of protons
B) a variable number of electrons gives the fractional weight
C) on the average, an atom of chlorine weighs almost 3 times as much as carbon
D) the actual weight of a chlorine atom is not known very precisely
E) chlorine atoms contain half of a proton

Accepted Answer

Chlorine's atomic weight is close to 35.5, which is roughly three times the atomic weight of carbon (approximately 12). This indicates that on average, a chlorine atom is about three times as heavy as a carbon atom.

Question 5

Beta particles:
A) have a mass of 4 and a charge of +2
B) are like X-rays
C) are repelled by a positively charged plate
D) are electrons
E) have the same mass as a neutron

Accepted Answer

Beta particles are electrons, with a negative charge and a very small mass. Option A describes an alpha particle, option B describes X-rays, option C describes positively charged particles, and option E describes neutrons.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct feature of the nuclear atom proposed by Rutherford?
A) All atoms of an element have the same mass.
B) The atom is mostly empty space.
C) The number of neutrons and electrons in the atom are equal.
D) The majority of alpha particles to strike the foil "bounced back."
E) It is like the "plum pudding" model.

Accepted Answer

Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering showed that the atom is mostly empty space with a positively charged nucleus at the center. This led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom. The other options are incorrect: A is false because isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons, and the mass number varies accordingly. C is false because the number of electrons and protons are equal, not the number of neutrons and electrons. D is true, but it is a result of the experiment, not a feature of the atom itself. E is a reference to the previous "plum pudding" model, which was shown to be incorrect by Rutherford's experiment.

Question 7

Ernest Rutherford is credited with: I) the nuclear model of the atom
II) the identification of alpha and beta particles
III) the discovery of protons
IV) the prediction of a third, neutral, subatomic particle
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) I, II, III
D) II, III, IV
E) I, II, III, IV

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ernest Rutherford is credited with: I) the...

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true concerning the masses of individual Cl atoms?
A) All atoms have a mass of 35.45 u.
B) Most of the atoms have a mass of 35.45 u.
C) Some of the atoms have a mass of 35.45 u.
D) None of the atoms have a mass of 35.45 u.
E) All atoms have a mass of 17 u.

Accepted Answer

The atomic mass of chlorine (Cl) is approximately 35.45 atomic mass units (u), but this is an average of the masses of its isotopes, primarily Cl-35 and Cl-37. No individual chlorine atom has a mass of exactly 35.45 u; this value is an average reflecting the natural abundance of its isotopes.

Question 9

Choose the information a mass spectrometer is unable to provide.
A) the relative abundance of two isotopes of potassium
B) the number of protons in potassium
C) the atomic mass of a single isotope of potassium
D) the mass of a proton
E) the number of stable isotopes of potassium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose the information a mass spectrometer is...

Question 10

A hypothetical element, E, has two stable isotopes: E-46 = 46.046 u 64.08% E-51 = 50.826 u 35.92%
What is the average atom weight of the element?
A) 47.76 u
B) 48.44 u
C) 49.11 u
D) 48.50 u
E) 47.44 u

Accepted Answer

The answer of A hypothetical element, E, has two stable...

Question 11

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of neutrons in its nucleus?
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these atoms has the greatest...

Question 12

Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Gamma rays are bent by magnetic fields as a ray of positive charges.
B) Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus.
C) Protons and neutrons are close to the same mass.
D) The atomic number is the proton number.
E) The mass number is the number of protons plus neutrons.

Accepted Answer

Gamma rays are actually neutral and are not affected by magnetic fields.

Question 13

A hypothetical element, E, has two stable isotopes. E-38 = 38.012 u 75.68%
E-46 = 45.981 u 24.32%
The element's atomic mass would be closest to which of the elements?
A) K
B) Ar
C) Ca
D) Sc
E) Cl

Accepted Answer

The answer of A hypothetical element, E, has two stable...

Question 14

31.0 grams of the element phosphorus contain: A) 6.02 × 10²³ P4 molecules B) 31.0 × (6.02 × 10²³) P atoms C) 6.02 × 10²³ P atoms D) 31.0 P atoms E) 31.0 moles of P

Accepted Answer

31.0 grams of phosphorus is approximately 1 mole, which contains Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10^23) of atoms.

Question 15

Which of the following is a metalloid?
A) mercury
B) selenium
C) bismuth
D) radium
E) calcium

Accepted Answer

Selenium is a metalloid as it has properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Question 16

A species that differs in charge from another atom of the same element: 
I. is called an isotope
II. has more or less neutrons
III. has lost or gained electrons
IV. is called an ion
V. has the same number of protons
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and IV
D) III and IV
E) III, IV, V

Accepted Answer

Species that differ in charge from another atom of the same element have lost or gained electrons, making them ions, and they still have the same number of protons as the original atom.

Question 17

An element has 5 stable isotopes. The mass and percentage of each are: 89.9043 51.46%
90)9053 11.23%
91)9046 17.11%
93)9061 17.40%
95)9082 2.80%
The element is which of the following?
A) Nb
B) Y
C) Sr
D) Zr
E) Rb

Accepted Answer

The element with 5 stable isotopes with masses ranging from 89 to 95 is most likely zirconium (Zr). The mass of the isotopes and their percentages match closely with those of natural zirconium.

Question 18

An element has 5 stable isotopes. The mass and percentage of each are: 69.9243 20.52%
71)9217 27.43%
72)9234 7.76%
73)9219 36.54%
75)9214 7.76%
The element is which of the following?
A) As
B) Se
C) Ge
D) Ga
E) Zn

Accepted Answer

The given isotopic masses and percentages match those of the element Germanium (Ge), which has stable isotopes with similar masses and abundances.

Question 19

What is the mass number of the most abundant form of oxygen atom?
A) 15.9994
B) 8
C) 16
D) 24
E) 32

Accepted Answer

The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom. The most abundant form of oxygen is oxygen-16, which has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, giving it a mass number of 16.

Question 20

Groups, or families, on the periodic table are:
A) vertical columns of elements with similar properties
B) horizontal rows of elements with increasing atomic numbers
C) named for the first elements in the series; such as "actinides"
D) extremely reactive with each other
E) elements that all occur naturally in the same state

Accepted Answer

Groups, or families, on the periodic table are vertical columns of elements with similar properties. They have the same number of valence electrons in their outermost shell, which gives them similar chemical and physical properties.

Quiz 2: Atoms and the Atomic Theory

Which statement below is true?

What is the mass in grams of 1 atom of sulfur (atomic mass = 32.066) ?

How many arsenic atoms are in 5.21 g of arsenic?

The atomic weight of chlorine is very close to 35.5. This means that:

Beta particles:

Which of the following is a correct feature of the nuclear atom proposed by Rutherford?

Ernest Rutherford is credited with: I) the nuclear model of the atom II) the identification of alpha and beta particles III) the discovery of protons IV) the prediction of a third, neutral, subatomic particle

Which of the following statements is true concerning the masses of individual Cl atoms?

Choose the information a mass spectrometer is unable to provide.

A hypothetical element, E, has two stable isotopes: E-46 = 46.046 u 64.08% E-51 = 50.826 u 35.92% What is the average atom weight of the element?

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of neutrons in its nucleus?

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A hypothetical element, E, has two stable isotopes. E-38 = 38.012 u 75.68% E-46 = 45.981 u 24.32% The element's atomic mass would be closest to which of the elements?

31.0 grams of the element phosphorus contain:

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A species that differs in charge from another atom of the same element: I. is called an isotope II. has more or less neutrons III. has lost or gained electrons IV. is called an ion V. has the same number of protons

An element has 5 stable isotopes. The mass and percentage of each are: 89.9043 51.46% 90) 9053 11.23% 91) 9046 17.11% 93) 9061 17.40% 95) 9082 2.80% The element is which of the following?

An element has 5 stable isotopes. The mass and percentage of each are: 69.9243 20.52% 71) 9217 27.43% 72) 9234 7.76% 73) 9219 36.54% 75) 9214 7.76% The element is which of the following?

What is the mass number of the most abundant form of oxygen atom?

Groups, or families, on the periodic table are: