Question 1

Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves
A) studying effectively.
B) physically relaxing.
C) receiving a high midterm test grade.
D) feeling proud about receiving a high midterm test grade.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Introductory psychology students performed best on a...

Question 2

Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self depending on which language they are using.This most clearly illustrates the implications of
A) Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis.
B) Wernicke's speech comprehension theory.
C) Broca's speech production theory.
D) Chomsky's language acquisition theory.

Accepted Answer

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis suggests that language shapes our thoughts and perception of reality. Bilingual people experiencing a different sense of self depending on which language they are using is an example of how language can shape our thoughts and perception of self.

Question 3

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for
A) overestimating the impact of thinking on language.
B) overestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.
C) underestimating the impact of language on thinking.
D) underestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize...

Question 4

Linguistic relativism refers to the idea that
A) language has no effect on our thinking.
B) language influences the way we think.
C) people who speak two languages have a bilingual advantage.
D) language determines the way we think.

Accepted Answer

Linguistic relativism, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, argues that language influences the way we think and perceive the world around us. Language shapes our thoughts, and the structure of a language can affect the way we conceptualize reality. However, it is important to note that this hypothesis is still a subject of debate among linguists and cognitive scientists.

Question 5

Bilingual people's moral judgments reflect ________ when they respond in their second language.
A) more mental imagery
B) less emotion
C) more positive self-concepts
D) less gestured communication

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that bilingual individuals tend to express less emotion in their second language when compared to their native language. This might be due to the fact that emotions are more closely linked to one's first language and cultural upbringing. Moral judgments are often emotionally charged, hence bilinguals might express less emotion and rely more on cognitive processing when making moral judgments in their second language.

Question 6

The idea that language has an influence on the way that we think is referred to as
A) linguistic determinism.
B) the bilingual advantage.
C) perceptual set.
D) linguistic relativism.

Accepted Answer

The idea that language has an influence on the way that we think is referred to as linguistic relativism, which suggests that the structure and vocabulary of language can shape how individuals perceive and understand the world around them. This is not the same as linguistic determinism, which proposes that language completely determines an individual's thoughts and actions. The bilingual advantage and perceptual set are not directly related to the influence of language on thought processes.

Question 7

People's procedural memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of
A) a neural network.
B) a mental image.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) universal grammar.

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory typically involves the recall of skills and procedures, and is often guided by mental images or sensory-motor associations rather than language-based knowledge structures like neural networks, telegraphic speech, or universal grammar.

Question 8

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed.This suggestion most clearly illustrates
A) universal grammar.
B) a critical period.
C) linguistic determinism.
D) telegraphic speech.

Accepted Answer

The suggestion that the Eskimos' vocabulary for snow affects their perception of snow conditions is an example of linguistic determinism, the idea that language can influence the way we think and perceive the world around us.

Question 9

Brenda is bilingual and speaks both English and Chinese.Depending on which emotion she wants to express and the message she wants to convey,she often switches languages when speaking.This is partly because of
A) universal grammar.
B) a critical period.
C) linguistic relativism.
D) telegraphic speech.

Accepted Answer

Brenda's switching of languages depending on the emotion and message she wants to convey suggests a belief in linguistic relativism. This is the idea that language shapes our perception of reality and influences the way we think and behave. Brenda's choice of language may be influenced by the cultural context and the meaning attached to certain words or phrases in each language she speaks.

Question 10

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list,seeing their A grade,and feeling proud.This ________ simulation had ________ effect on their exam scores.
A) process;little
B) outcome;little
C) process;a large
D) outcome;a large

Accepted Answer

Outcome simulation, which involves visualizing the end result (in this case, seeing an A grade), generally has little direct effect on performance compared to process simulation, which involves visualizing the steps needed to achieve a goal.

Question 11

Spearman's g factor refers to
A) the genetic contribution to intelligence.
B) a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
C) a highly developed skill or talent possessed by a person with an otherwise limited mental ability.
D) the ability to understand and regulate emotions.

Accepted Answer

Spearman's g factor refers to a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks. It is a measure of a person's overall cognitive ability, rather than specific skills or talents.

Question 12

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
A) infancy is a critical period for language development.
B) all languages share a similar grammar.
C) our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
D) words shape the way people think.

Accepted Answer

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis argues that the language we use shapes the way we think and perceive the world, thereby influencing our cognition and behavior. This hypothesis suggests that the structure and vocabulary of language can shape the ways in which individuals perceive, remember, and conceptualize their experiences. Therefore, words can influence the way people think, which makes choice D the best answer.

Question 13

English has a rich vocabulary for_________ emotions such as anger.Japanese has more words for ________ emotions such as sympathy.
A) receptive;productive
B) interpersonal;self-focused
C) productive;receptive
D) self-focused;interpersonal

Accepted Answer

The answer of English has a rich vocabulary for_________ emotions...

Question 14

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)
A) inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests.
B) mental ability to learn from experience.
C) general trait that underlies success on nearly any task.
D) multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits.

Accepted Answer

Most experts define intelligence as a mental ability to learn from experience, solve problems and adapt to new situations. This definition implies that intelligence is not just an inborn ability or a general trait, but rather a complex set of cognitive abilities that can develop and improve over time through exposure to a variety of experiences and environments.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called intelligence?
A) artistic ability
B) problem solving
C) the ability to adapt to new situations
D) the ability to learn from experience

Accepted Answer

Artistic ability is often considered a separate domain from intelligence and is not typically included in measures of general intelligence.

Question 16

Little Annika's capacity to form concepts of different animals such as horses,cats,and rabbits improved dramatically once she learned to name horses,cats,and rabbits.This best illustrates the impact of
A) a process simulation.
B) a universal grammar.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) linguistic determinism.

Accepted Answer

The given scenario describes the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known as linguistic determinism, which states that language determines the way we think and perceive the world around us. Annika's ability to label animals enabled her to form concepts and recognize similarities and differences between them.

Question 17

The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2.If shown 7 nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts.This best illustrates the impact of
A) language on thinking.
B) syntax on grammar.
C) receptive language on productive language.
D) process simulation on outcome simulation.

Accepted Answer

The fact that the Piraha tribe has no words for specific numbers higher than 2 demonstrates the impact of language on thinking. Because they lack the linguistic tools to express higher numbers, it is difficult for them to conceptualize and manipulate those quantities. This suggests that language is not simply a way of communicating existing thoughts and ideas, but actually plays a foundational role in shaping how we think about and understand the world around us.

Question 18

FOXP2 is a ________ that facilitates speech and language development.
A) gene
B) phoneme
C) critical period
D) region within the left temporal lobe

Accepted Answer

FOXP2 is a gene identified in humans that is associated with facilitating speech and language development.

Question 19

Six-month-old Ohmar recognizes the difference between squares and circles just as accurately as his 3-year-old brother,who can correctly name the different shapes.This fact would most directly challenge
A) Chomsky's language acquisition theory.
B) the Gardners' sign language theory.
C) Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis.
D) Lambert's bilingual advantage hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis suggests that language shapes thought. If Ohmar, who likely has limited language skills at six months old, can distinguish between shapes as well as his older brother who can name them, this challenges the idea that language is necessary for this type of cognitive differentiation.

Question 20

Bilingual people,who inhibit one language while using the other,can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information.This has been called
A) linguistic determinism.
B) implicit memory.
C) the bilingual advantage.
D) universal grammar.

Accepted Answer

The given statement describes the phenomenon known as "the bilingual advantage," which refers to the cognitive benefits observed in bilingual individuals, including better attention and inhibition of irrelevant information. Choices A, B, and D are unrelated to this concept.

Quiz 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves

Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self depending on which language they are using.This most clearly illustrates the implications of

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for

Linguistic relativism refers to the idea that

Bilingual people's moral judgments reflect ________ when they respond in their second language.

The idea that language has an influence on the way that we think is referred to as

People's procedural memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed.This suggestion most clearly illustrates

Brenda is bilingual and speaks both English and Chinese.Depending on which emotion she wants to express and the message she wants to convey,she often switches languages when speaking.This is partly because of

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list,seeing their A grade,and feeling proud.This simulation had effect on their exam scores.

Spearman's g factor refers to

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that

English has a rich vocabulary for_ emotions such as anger.Japanese has more words for emotions such as sympathy.

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called intelligence?

Little Annika's capacity to form concepts of different animals such as horses,cats,and rabbits improved dramatically once she learned to name horses,cats,and rabbits.This best illustrates the impact of

The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2.If shown 7 nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts.This best illustrates the impact of

FOXP2 is a ________ that facilitates speech and language development.

Six-month-old Ohmar recognizes the difference between squares and circles just as accurately as his 3-year-old brother,who can correctly name the different shapes.This fact would most directly challenge

Bilingual people,who inhibit one language while using the other,can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information.This has been called