Question 1

Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are

Accepted Answer

Touch cues can convey various messages depending on the situation and context. These can include directions, warnings, encouragement, or emotional support. Hand-under-hand guidance may be a specific type of touch cue, but it is not as versatile in conveying different messages. Adapted signs and tactual signs are also specific forms of communication for individuals with visual impairments and may not be relevant in all situations.

Question 2

All of the following are prenatal conditions that can result in deaf-blindness EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Coloboma is a condition that affects the eyes but is not directly related to deaf-blindness. German measles, rubella, and congenital cytomegalovirus can all lead to deaf-blindness if contracted during pregnancy.

Question 3

Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the British Petroleum oil spill in 2006 are associated with which condition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the British...

Question 4

In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness,two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are

Accepted Answer

Direct instruction and structured routines are essential for students with deaf-blindness to provide clear, consistent communication and learning environments.

Question 5

Each of the following is a challenge particular to users of augmentative or alternative communication AAC)not faced by natural communicators EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

This statement is false as there are AAC systems that allow for expression of complex and abstract thoughts, such as symbol-based or text-to-speech AAC devices with advanced functionalities. The other options are challenges commonly faced by AAC users.

Question 6

Most authorities agree that a student with Usher syndrome should

Accepted Answer

Beginning braille and O & M training while functioning as a seeing person allows the student to develop these skills in a less stressful environment and can help them prepare for when their vision declines. It also allows them to continue to use their vision to the fullest extent possible while they still have it. Waiting until all sight is gone to begin these trainings may put the student at a disadvantage and make the process more difficult.

Question 7

The fact that Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder means that

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive disorders require both parents to carry the gene for there to be a chance of the child inheriting the disorder. If both parents carry the gene, there is a 25% chance of the child having the disorder. Choice A is incorrect because it incorrectly implies that the child will always have the syndrome if both parents carry the gene, when in fact there is only a 50% chance. Choice B is incorrect because it implies that only one parent needs to carry the gene, which is not true for autosomal recessive disorders. Choice D is incorrect because it incorrectly implies that there is a 50% chance if only one parent carries the gene, when in fact the chance is 0% unless the other parent also carries the gene.

Question 8

An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa is

Accepted Answer

The syndrome described in the question, with hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa, is characteristic of Usher syndrome. Asperger syndrome is a developmental disorder associated with impairments in social interaction and communication skills. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and physical features such as a flattened face and short stature. CHARGE syndrome is a genetic disorder that can affect multiple organs, including the eyes, ears, and heart. However, it typically does not result in deaf-blindness, and retinitis pigmentosa is not a diagnostic feature of this syndrome.

Question 9

Major problems to be solved in helping individuals communicate in ways other than signing include

Accepted Answer

Selecting a vocabulary and giving them an effective, efficient means of indicating elements in their vocabularies is the major problem that needs to be solved in helping individuals communicate in ways other than signing. While determining whether the individuals are visual or auditory learners and finding appropriate reinforcers are important considerations, communication requires a shared vocabulary and a reliable method of expressing ideas. Speech synthesizers, while useful for some individuals, are not the best choice for addressing this specific problem.

Question 10

Any repetitive,stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose is

Accepted Answer

Self-stimulation, also known as stereotypic behavior, is a repetitive behavior that serves no apparent purpose other than to provide sensory stimulation or self-calming. Examples include hand flapping, rocking back and forth, and repetitive vocalizations. Self-mutilation and self-injury both involve intentional harm to oneself, whereas tantrums are typically emotional outbursts.

Question 11

Augmentative/alternative communication

Accepted Answer

Augmentative/alternative communication includes both manual (e.g. sign language) and electronic means (e.g. communication devices). While technology has certainly advanced AAC options, it is not solely reliant on these advances. Additionally, nanotechnology is not yet advanced enough to make AAC obsolete. AAC can also be effective for individuals with difficulties with speech articulation, as it provides alternative means of communication.

Question 12

Which condition is associated with tunnel vision?

Accepted Answer

Tunnel vision is commonly associated with Usher syndrome, a genetic disorder that results in hearing loss and vision loss, including tunnel vision or the loss of peripheral vision.

Question 13

The Acadian French of south Louisiana are known for

Accepted Answer

The Acadian French of south Louisiana, also known as Cajuns, have a higher incidence of Usher syndrome, a genetic disorder that causes deaf-blindness.

Question 14

Each of the following is an objective to help meet the needs of infants who are deaf-blind EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A, B, and D are all objectives that can help meet the needs of infants who are deaf-blind. However, option C, "avoid using subroutines within specific activities as this leads to confusion", is not a helpful objective for meeting these infants' needs. Predictable routines and subroutines can actually provide a sense of order and consistency for infants who are deaf-blind, helping them to anticipate familiar activities and events.

Question 15

Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is

Accepted Answer

Communication is considered the biggest obstacle for persons with deaf-blindness as it hinders their ability to connect with others, express themselves, and access information. Being deaf-blind results in a lack of access to visual and auditory cues, which impedes communication with others.

Question 16

The first person who was deaf-blind who was known to be taught language was

Accepted Answer

Laura Bridgman was the first person who was deaf-blind to be systematically taught language, by Samuel Howe at the Perkins Institution for the Blind in Boston in the mid-19th century. Helen Keller's education by Annie Sullivan was inspired by Bridgman's success.

Question 17

Each of the following has been shown to sometimes cause deaf-blindness EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

There is no known evidence that an allergic reaction to kombucha can cause deaf-blindness. Rubella, congenital cytomegalovirus, and meningitis are known causes of deaf-blindness.

Question 18

A syndrome that causes deaf-blindness and is characterized by a number of physical defects,such as an abnormally shaped pupil,and results in difficulties in swallowing and breathing is

Accepted Answer

The description matches the symptoms of CHARGE syndrome, which stands for Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia choanae (also known as choanal atresia), Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital and/or urinary anomalies, and Ear anomalies and/or hearing loss. This syndrome can cause deafness, blindness, and difficulty with swallowing and breathing due to physical defects in the throat and airway.

Question 19

An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is

Accepted Answer

Assistance cards can be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public by providing information about their communication needs, such as the need for written or tactile communication, or the need for assistance in navigating public spaces. They can help bridge the communication barrier and promote understanding and inclusion. Braille notepads may be useful for personal note-taking, but would not necessarily be effective in communicating with strangers in public. The long cane is a mobility aid, not a communication tool. Audio-recorded messages may not be accessible to those who are both deaf and blind.

Question 20

Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs,share information,engage in social closeness,or manage social etiquette is

Accepted Answer

Augmentative or alternative communication refers to any form of communication that supplements or replaces traditional modes of communication, including speech. This can include the use of assistive technology, such as communication boards, speech-generating devices, or other electronic devices, as well as manual communication techniques such as sign language or gestures. Facilitated communication, on the other hand, refers to a controversial technique that involves a facilitator physically supporting the communication of a person with limited speech or language ability, and has been widely discredited by the scientific community. Applied functional communication focuses on teaching functional communication skills to individuals with disabilities, but does not necessarily involve the use of technology or alternative communication methods.

Quiz 13: Learners With Low-Incidence, Multiple, and Severe Disabilities